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IGCSE Economics - 3.7 Firm's Costs and Revenues

Total questions: 79

Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of small firms?

a)

economies of scale

b)

lack of finance

c)

too bureaucratic

d)

poor worker motivation

2.

Which of the following is not an advantage of a large firm?

a)

market domination

b)

economies of scale

c)

better communication

d)

can undertake large scale contracts

3.

Which of the following is an advantage of a small firms?

a)

can benefit from economies of scale

b)

ability to offer a personal service

c)

can access a greater range of finance options

d)

can attract the most qualified and experience staff

4.

Which of the following factors encourage firms to grow?

a)

poor access to sources of finance

b)

desire to spread risk

c)

government regulation monitoring levels of competition in a market

d)

global economic instability

5.

Economies of scale are those that

a)

Result from changes in production techniques

b)

Increase due to the growth of the industry as a whole

c)

Generate lower average costs for the business

d)

Reduce production costs in the short run

6.

One business merges with or takes over another business in the same industry but at a different stage of production.

a)

Horizontal integration

b)

Conglomerate

c)

Vertical integration

d)

Scarcity

7.

When one business mergers with or takes over a business in a completely different industry.

a)

Internal growth

b)

Horizontal integration

c)

Vertical backwards integration

d)

Conglomerate integration

8.

The wage of labour in a firm increases.


What is the most likely effect on the production process?

a)

Capital replaces labour immediately

b)

Capital replaces labour in the long run.

c)

Labour replaces capital immediately.

d)

Labour replaces capital in the long run.

9.

What is most likely to lead to an improvement in labour productivity in an industry?

a)

an increase in capital investment

b)

an increase in income tax rates

c)

an increase in the demand for the industry’s product

d)

an increase in the number of firms in the industry

10.

A firm produces 1000 units and has a total cost of $50 000.


The variable cost per unit produced is $40.


What is the total fixed cost of the firm?

a)

$1000

b)

$4000

c)

$10000

d)

$40000

11.

Firms can grow by increasing the internal scale of their operations.


What might be a disadvantage of this to the firm?

a)

average cost begins to fall

b)

it is difficult to motivate workers

c)

labour is replaced by robots

d)

markets become global

12.

A government owns and runs an airline.


Which combination of ownership and sector is this?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

13.

Which sector of the economy contains firms that provide services to the general public and other firms?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Public

14.
Conglomerates are formed when firms
a)
in the same industry combine to form a single firm
b)
split off to start separate businesses in different industries
c)
split off to start separate businesses in the same industry
d)
in completely separate industries combine to form a single firm
15.

Which is not a method used to measure the size of firms?

a)

Cost of production

b)

Sales revenue

c)

Market share

d)

The number of employees

16.

A toy manufacturer merges with a chemical company. What type of merger is this?

a)

Conglomatete

b)

Horizontal

c)

Vertical merger backwards

d)

Vertical merger forwards

17.
McDonald's and Burger King merging would be an example of a ....
a)
Horizontal Merger
b)
Vertical Merger
c)
Diagonal merger
d)
Conglomerate Merger
18.

Which is not an advantage of small firms?

a)

Greater degree of control

b)

Quicker decision making

c)

Opportunities to gain economies of scale

d)

Easier to set up.

19.
If a firm increases its use of all factors of production but sees an increase in its average costs, this is a sign of
a)
Internal diseconomies of scale
b)
External returns to scale
c)
Diminishing marginal returns
d)
Decreasing returns to scale
20.

Fill in the blank. Economies of scale is when as output _________, unit costs ________ in the long run.

a)

increases; decrease

b)

increases; increase

c)

decreases; increase

d)

decreases; decrease

21.

Large firms can buy raw materials in bulk at more favourable rates. This is an example of

a)

Purchasing economies of scale

b)

Technical economies of scale

c)

Managerial economies of scale

d)

Marketing economies of scale

e)

Risk bearing economies of scale

22.

Fill in the blank. __________ economies of scale occur due to an increase in the scale of production within a single firm

a)

Internal

b)

External

c)

Complex

d)

Simple

23.

Which is not a factor of production?

a)

Land

b)

Labour

c)

Money

d)

Enterprise

24.

Which economic term is used to measure how well resources are used in the production process?

a)

Economies of scale

b)

innovation

c)

Productivity

d)

Competitiveness

25.

Twenty-five workers produce a total output of 300. What is the average product per worker?

a)

7500

b)

300

c)

12

d)

25

26.

Which of the following statement defined 'production'?

a)

the total output of goods and services in the production process

b)

the measure of efficiency found by calculating the amount of output per unit of factor input.

c)

the use of capital is more prominent than any other factor of production

d)

the use of labour is more prominent than any other factor of production

27.

Which of the following statement defined 'productivity'?

a)

the total output of goods and services in the production process

b)

the measure of efficiency found by calculating the amount of output per unit of factor input.

c)

the use of capital is more prominent than any other factor of production

d)

the use of labour is more prominent than any other factor of production

28.

Which of the following statement is the reason for using labour-intensive production?

a)

to use mass production techniques

b)

machinery is more accurate than human

c)

enable to provide customized and personalize services

d)

capable to set automation in production

29.

The price at which goods or services are offered by a business to their customers is called

a)

Selling price

b)

Cost

c)

Variable cost

d)

Currency

30.

Costs that must be paid regardless of how much of a good or service is produced. They do not change in the short term, regardless of output are called

a)

Variable costs

b)

Fixed costs

c)

Total costs

d)

The costs

31.

Fixed Cost + Variable Cost =

a)

Breakeven point

b)

Total costs

c)

Fixed costs

d)

Variable costs

32.

The stage at which sales revenue equals the total cost of producing a good or service and the business is making neither a profit nor a loss is the

a)

Taking a break

b)

Breaking point

c)

Point of sale

d)

Breakeven point

33.

A negative difference between the revenues taken in by a business and the costs of operating a business (when a business spends more than it makes) :(

a)

Profit

b)

Breakeven

c)

Loss

d)

Closed

34.

Costs that change based on the amount of goods and services produced.

a)

Total costs

b)

Fixed costs

c)

Variable costs

d)

Costs

35.

A positive difference between the revenues taken in by a business and the costs of operating a business (when a business makes more than it spends). :D

a)

Loss

b)

Profit

c)

Breakeven

d)

Sales

36.

Rent, administrative costs, advertising, employee salary are examples of ...

a)

Variable costs

b)

Fixed costs

c)

Costs

d)

Prices

37.

Raw materials, packaging, wages/labour costs are examples of

a)

Total costs

b)

Fixed costs

c)

Variable costs

d)

Benefits

38.

A single item or good

a)

Unit

b)

Revenue

c)

Cost

d)

Price

39.

The income (amount of money) a business receives for in exchange for a product or service

a)

Costs

b)

Profit

c)

Loss

d)

Sales revenue

40.

Which two of the following are variable costs

a)

Raw materials

b)

Rent

c)

Insurance

d)

Water

e)

Salary

41.
What is the equation for revenue?
a)
Price x Quantity
b)
Price x Profit
c)
Profit x Quantity
d)
Price + Quantity
42.
Which one of the following costs is most likely to be variable for a fast food restaurant?
a)
the salary of the manager
b)
the rent of the restaurant
c)
the cost of the food supplies
d)
the machinery used to cook the food
43.
The best definition of variable costs is:
a)
They vary with the number of units produced.
b)
They vary over time.
c)
They vary with the prices charged by suppliers.
d)
They vary with tax rates set by government.
44.
If variable costs are $6 per unit,then total variable costs of producing 7,000 units will be:
a)
$7,000
b)
$70,000
c)
$2,100
d)
$21,000
45.
The best definition of fixed costs are those that do not vary with:
a)
time
b)
seasons
c)
output
d)
number of workers.
46.
The break-even level of output is that number of units where:
a)
profit is at its highest level
b)
variable costs equal revenue
c)
total costs equal revenue
d)
variable costs equal fixed costs
47.
A product sells for $14. Variable costs are $6.Fixed costs are $120,000. Break-even output is:
a)
15,000 units
b)
120,000 units
c)
40,000 units
d)
we cannot tell from the information given.
48.

What is a cost?

a)

Something the company receives

b)

The price of a product

c)

Something the company must pay

d)

Something the company sells

49.

Which 3 of these are costs?

a)

Fixed

b)

Variable

c)

Operating

d)

Revenue

50.

What is an operating cost?

a)

Something a business pays before the company starts

b)

Something the company receives

c)

Something the company pays for their day to day running

d)

Something the company cant afford

51.

Which cost is Fixed?

a)

Sandwiches

b)

Ingredients

c)

Utilities

d)

Stock

52.

What is a variable cost?

a)

A cost which does not change

b)

A cost which they must pay even if they produce nothing

c)

A cost which changes the more or less the business produces

d)

A cost the business pays when they start

53.

If Sam's Sandwiches use 25p of material for each sandwich, what will be their variable costs for 10 sandwiches

a)

10 x 0.25 = £2.50

b)

2.5 x 10 = £25

c)

25 x 10 = £250

d)

0.25/10 = 2.5p

54.

If fixed costs are £300 and Variable costs for making one sandwich are 50p, how would you work out total costs for 200 sandwiches?

a)

200 x 300 x 0.50 = Total Sales

b)

300 + 0.5 X 200 = Total Sales

c)

200 + 0.5 x 300 = Total Sales

d)

300 x 50 + 200 = Total Sales

55.

What is the formula for Revenue?

a)

Total Sales + Costs = Revenue

b)

Number of Sales x Price per unit = Revenue

c)

Price per unit x Total Costs = Revenue

d)

Number of Sales - Total Costs = Revenue

56.

If Wendy sells 50 hot dogs at £2 each. What is her revenue?

a)

£250

b)

£100

c)

£120

d)

£52

57.

If Saleem makes £250 from selling fresh juice, £80 from selling ice creams, £95 from selling lollies and pays £30 to his assistant, what is his total revenue?

a)

£395

b)

£425

c)

£455

d)

£250

58.
If variable costs are $6 per unit,then total variable costs of producing 7,000 units will be:
a)
$7,000
b)
$70,000
c)
$2,100
d)
$21,000
59.
Which of the following is the best definition of economies of scale?
a)
Costs fall as output increases.
b)
Costs per unit fall as the firm expands.
c)
Average costs rise as the firm expands.
d)
Fixed costs fall as output increases.
60.

Average cost is

a)

Total cost

b)

Cost per unit

c)

always zero

61.

Total revenue -total cost=

a)

average cost

b)

Profit

c)

Marginal cost

62.

Total cost is a sum of Fixed cost and

a)

fixed revenue

b)

variable cost

c)

average cost

63.

Cost which do not change with the level of output is

a)

marginal cost

b)

variable cost

c)

fixed cost

64.

Cost of raw materials is an e.g of

a)

fixed cost

b)

variable cost

c)

none

65.

Which of the following costs are considered FIXED for an enterprise?

a)

Rent

b)

Material Costs

c)

Hourly Paid Wages

d)

Shipping / Delivery Costs

66.

When calculating the total costs of a business, which TWO costs would you add together?

a)

Fixed and Variable Costs

b)

Start-up and Fixed Costs

c)

Variable and Indirect Costs

d)

Insurance Costs and Rent

67.

Which of the following costs are considered variable?

a)

Workers Salaries

b)

Material Costs

c)

Insurance Costs

d)

Deposit On Premises

68.

If Variable Costs Per Unit Are £12 Per Unit, Then The Total Variable Cost For Producing 1000 Products Will Be?

a)

£120000

b)

£6000

c)

£12000

d)

£1000

69.

The Best Definition Of Fixed Costs Are Costs Which Do Not Change With

a)

Time

b)

Seasons

c)

Output

d)

Number Of Workers

70.

Which Of The Following Is Not A Method Of Increasing Revenue

a)

Increasing Price

b)

Increasing Number Of Goods Sold

c)

Increasing How Often Customers Purchase

d)

Paying Workers Less

71.

_____ refers to the cost per unit of output. It is calculated by using the formula: ____ = TC / Q, where TC is total cost and Q is quantity

a)

Set-up cost

b)

Direct cost

c)

Average cost

d)

Total cost

72.

___ refers to the amount that a product is sold for.

a)

Revenue

b)

Price

c)

Cost

d)

Total revenue

73.

___ is the money a business collects from the sale of its goods and services. It is calculated by multiplying the unit price by the quantity sold.

a)

Running costs

b)

Revenue

c)

Prices

d)

Dividends

74.

A firm produces 1000 units and has a total cost of $50 000. The variable cost per unit produced is $40.


What is the total fixed cost of the firm?

a)

$1000

b)

$4000

c)

$10 000

d)

$40 000

75.

What must result from an increase in output?

a)

a decrease in the average cost

b)

a decrease in the total costs

c)

an increase in the fixed costs

d)

an increase in the variable costs

76.

An entrepreneur buys a workshop for $200 000 to make plastic boxes. In the first year of operation he spends $70 000 on materials, employs ten production workers paid by the amount produced (piece rate) at a total cost of $80 000 and buys two delivery vehicles for $10 000 each.


What are his total variable costs?

a)

A $100 000

b)

$150 000

c)

$220 000

d)

$370 000

77.

Which statement about total fixed cost is correct?

a)

It falls as output increases.

b)

It is calculated by adding total cost and total variable cost

c)

It is calculated by dividing total cost by output.

d)

It must be paid even if output is zero.

78.

Which is an internal diseconomy of scale?

a)

a lack of communication in a firm

b)

a reduction of cost by buying in bulk

c)

a shortage of skilled labour in an area

d)

traffic congestion in a particular area

79.
Your business rents a building on Main Street in Cedar Falls.  Every month you pay exactly $750 to rent the building.  This is an example of a...
a)
FIXED cost.
b)
VARIABLE cost.