Commander of the Continental Army, 1st president, Federalist, Whiskey Rebellion

plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown

Ended French and Indian War, France lost Canada, land east of the Mississippi, to British, New Orleans and west of Mississippi to Spain

An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies

King of England during the American Revolution, highly disliked by the colonists for refusing to pay taxes that were meant to pay back debt from the F&I War

1763 - An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed.

A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.

1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.

the idea that it is unfair to tax someone without giving them a voice in government

Twenty-seven delegates from 9 colonies met from October 7-24, 1765, and drew up a list of declarations and petitions against the new taxes imposed on the colonies. Able to repeal Stamp Act

A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere.

This organization supported the boycott of British goods. They urged Americans to wear homemade fabrics and produce other goods that were previously available only from Britain. They believed that way, the American colonies would become economically independent. Homespun movement

American Revolutionary leader and patriot, Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence

In response to the 1765 Stamp Act, Patrick Henry persuaded the Virginia House of Burgesses to adopt several strongly worded resolutions that denied Parliament's right to tax the colonies. Known as the ____________________, these resolutions persuaded many other colonial legislatures to adopt similar positions.

"Give me Liberty or Give me Death" influential speech to rally American colonists to the cause of independence from British - he believed freedom was worth dying for

The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans

A 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor.

series of laws passed in 1774 to punish Boston for the Tea Party. Shut down the Boston Harbor which hurt merchants

Convention of delegates from the colonies called in to discuss their response to the passage of the Intolerable Acts. Wanted to go back to salutary neglect

2nd President of the United States (1735-1826), lawyer for Boston Massacre English Soldiers, Asked Thomas Jefferson to draft Declaration of Independence

Wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create.

In a letter written by Abigail Adams to John Adams in 1776, Abigail was asking Adams to make laws that would offer rights for women, not only men, protecting them against abusive and tyrannical men.

April 8, 1775: Gage leads 700 soldiers to confiscate colonial weapons and arrest Adam, and Hancock; April 19, 1775: 70 armed militia face British at __________ (shot heard around the world); British retreat to Boston, suffer nearly 300 casualties along the way to ___________.

A volunteer group of soldiers that did not like British rule. Played useful roles in many battles , especially as the support and reinforcements for the Continental Army regulator.

(June 17, 1775) Site of a battle early in the Revolutionary War. This battle contested control of two hills ________ & Breeders Hill overlooking Boston Harbor. The British captured the hills after the Americans ran-out of ammunition. "Don't shoot until you see the whites of their eyes!" Battle implied that Americans could fight the British if they had sufficient supplies.

a convention of delegates from the 13 Colonies, managed the colonial war effort, sent The Olive Branch Petition, moved incrementally towards independence, adopted the Declaration of Independence, acted as the de facto national government.

the American army during the American Revolution. Led by George Washington

Adopted by the Continental Congress in an attempt to avoid a full-blown war with Great Britain. Provisions: Affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and entreated the king to prevent further conflict. Historical significance: Rejected and the colonies were formally declared in rebellion

Pamphlet that encouraged the Colonists to fight the British. Target loyalists

Signed in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it declared the United States as a free state.

the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property

American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence

American victory over British troops in 1777 that was a turning point in the American Revolution.

Supported by the French army and navy, Washington's forces defeated Lord Charles Cornwallis' veteran army dug in at _______________, Virginia. Victory led directly to the peace negotiations that ended the war in 1783 and gave America its independence.

This treaty ended the Revolutionary War, recognized the independence of the American colonies, and granted the colonies the territory from the southern border of Canada to the northern border of Florida, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River

Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War.

Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery

The meeting of state delegates in 1787 in Philadelphia called to revise the Articles of Confederation. It instead designed a new plan of government, the US Constitution.

"Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States.

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

1787; This compromise was between the large and small states of the colonies. The ____________ resolved that there would be representation by population in the House of Representatives, and equal representation would exist in the Senate. Each state, regardless of size, would have 2 senators. All tax bills and revenues would originate in the House. This compromise combined the needs of both large and small states and formed a fair and sensible resolution to their problems.

each slave would count for 3/5 of a person for taxation and representation purposes

Formal approval

A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures. They prefer a strong national government and a Weak State Govt.

Opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating its adoption. They prefer a weak central government and a strong state government

A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail.

Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank

1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.

This was the first major analyze of America's economy

A government tax on imports or exports

a bank chartered, or licensed, by the national government. Made by Hamilton and supported by Washington

A major influence of the Latin American revolutions because of its successfulness; the only successful slave revolt in history; it is led by Toussaint L'Ouverture.

The revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799.

British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service

A formal announcement issued by President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France.

___________ attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.

Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism.

Series of four laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants. John Adam's Presidency

A 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats

Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.

A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by the Ordinance of Nullification, an attempt by the state of South Carolina to nullify a federal law - the tariff of 1828 - passed by the United States Congress.

Jefferson's election changed the direction of the government from Federalist to Democratic- Republican, so it was called a "revolution."

Jefferson's Vice President; killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel

Democratic Republican, Domestic Policy: of Shrink size of federal government, Repeal of Alien and Sedition Acts Marbury v Madison War with Supreme Court—Pickering/Chase Burr Conspiracy Essex Junto Revolution of 1800 Berlin and Milan/Orders in Council