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WorksheetsBiotechnology Ch. #2 Review Game
Total questions: 164
Worksheet time: 2hrs 30mins
What is the smallest unit of life that makes up all living organisms?
Organism
Cell
Tissue
Organelle
Which bacterium is commonly used by biotechnology companies for the development of products?
Escerichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Salmonella enterica
Bacillus subtilis
What is the term used to describe an organism composed of more than one cell?
Unicellular
Multicellular
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
What is the study of cells called?
Cytology
Anatomy
Physiology
Escerichiology
What is the breaking down of food molecules with the result of generating energy for the cell called?
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Digestion
Fermentation
What is a group of cells that function together called?
Organ
Tissue
Cellular Network
Organism
What are tissues that act together to form a specific function in an organism called?
Organs
Cells
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Which class of macromolecules includes folded, functional polypeptides that conduct various functions within and around a cell?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
What type of cell contains membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Unicellular
Multicellular
Which organism belongs to the Kingdom Protista?
Bacteria
Fungi
Protist
Plant
What are specialized microscopic cellular structures, each with specific jobs in a cell called?
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Which membrane-bound organelles are responsible for generating cellular energy?
Nucleus
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is a simple carbohydrate molecule composed of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen called?
Protein
Sugar
Starch
Lipid
Which class of macromolecules directs the synthesis of all other cellular molecules?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Which organ secretes digestive fluids as well as insulin?
Liver
Pancreas
Stomach
Kidney
What is the function of chlorophyll?
To break down cellular waste
To regulate the movement of materials into and out of the cell
To produce chemical energy from light energy
To make proteins
What is the gel-like liquid outside the nucleus called?
Chlorophyll
Cytoplasm
Chromosomes
Plasma membrane
What is the function of lysosomes?
To break down cellular waste
To produce chemical energy from light energy
To make proteins
To regulate the movement of materials into and out of the cell
Where are proteins made in a cell?
Chloroplast
Lysosome
Ribosome
Cell wall
What is the function of the cell wall?
To break down cellular waste
To produce chemical energy from light energy
To make proteins
To give support around the outer boundary of the cell
What is the structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls?
Chlorophyll
Cellulose
Glucose
Adenosine triphosphate
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
To break down cellular waste
To regulate the movement of materials into and out of the cell
To make proteins
To produce chemical energy from light energy
What is the usual form of carbohydrate used by animals, including humans?
Chlorophyll
Cellulose
Glucose
Adenosine triphosphate
What is the energy storage molecule in cells?
Chlorophyll
Cellulose
Glucose
Adenosine triphosphate
What is the organelle that encloses the cell's DNA?
Chloroplast
Lysosome
Nucleus
Cell wall
What are the long strands of DNA intertwined with protein molecules called?
Chlorophyll
Cytoplasm
Chromosomes
Plasma membrane
What is a protein that functions to speed up chemical reactions called?
Enzyme
Pigment
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Amino acid
What are the molecules that are colored due to the reflection of specific wavelength called?
Enzyme
Pigment
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Amino acid
Which animal cell line is commonly used in biotechnology studies?
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)
Vero cells
HeLa cells
Prokaryotic/prokaryote
How many different categories of proteins are there?
Five
Nine
Three
Seven
What is the function of structural proteins?
Transport
Recognition
Structural support
Enzymatic activity
Which category of proteins is responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions?
Enzyme
Contractile
Antibody
Hormone
What is the main function of transport proteins?
Structural support
Recognition
Carry other molecules
Catalyzing reactions
Which category of proteins is involved in muscle contraction?
Recognition
Contractile
Antibody
Hormone
What is the function of hormone proteins?
Transport
Structural support
Catalyzing reactions
Cell signaling
Which category of proteins is involved in immune response?
Recognition
Contractile
Antibody
Hormone
Which category of proteins is responsible for cell recognition?
Recognition
Contractile
Antibody
Hormone
How many proteins does a typical cell produce?
Less than 1000
Around 1500
More than 2000
Approximately 2500
What are the monomers of proteins?
Nucleotides
Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Fatty acids
What is the term for a long chain of amino acids?
Polysaccharide
Polypeptide
Polynucleotide
Polyester
How many different amino acids are found in proteins?
10
15
20
25
What are the main elemental components of lipids?
Carbon and nitrogen
Carbon and oxygen
Carbon and hydrogen
Carbon and phosphorus
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
Proteins and Lipids
Carbohydrates and Nucleotides
Amino Acids and Enzymes
What are the components of a nucleotide?
Nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar, and phosphate group
Amino acid, fatty acid, and glycerol
Monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide
Hydrogen bond, covalent bond, and ionic bond
What type of bond holds the 2 antiparallel strands of DNA together?
Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen
Peptide
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
To give the cell structural support
To store genetic information
To produce energy molecules
To transport materials within the cell
What is the monomer unit of polysaccharides?
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Nucleotide
Amino acid
Which sugar is found in high concentration in fruits?
Glucose
Sucrose
Fructose
Lactose
What is the name of the disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose?
Glucose
Sucrose
Fructose
Lactose
Which type of starch has unbranched glucose chains?
Amylose
Amylopectin
Glycogen
Cellulose
What is the process by which cells break down glucose to create other energy molecules?
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Fermentation
Glycolysis
What is the 5-carbon sugar found in DNA molecules?
Glucose
Fructose
Deoxyribose
Ribose
What term describes a molecule that is repelled by water?
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
Lipophilic
Lipophobic
Which group of lipids includes animal fats and plant oils?
Phospholipids
Triglycerides
Steroids
Waxes
What is the 5-carbon sugar found in RNA molecules?
Glucose
Fructose
Deoxyribose
Ribose
What is the macromolecule that functions in the conversion of genetic instructions (DNA) into proteins?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Ribonucleic acid
What are the components of every amino acid? (Select all that apply.)
Functional Group
Nitrogenous Base
Carboxyl Group
Amino Group
Phosphate Group
What are the components of every nucleotide? (Select all that apply.)
Five Carbon Sugar
Nitrogenous Base
Carboxyl Group
Amino Group
Phosphate Group
What are the components of every nucleoside? (Select all that apply.)
Five Carbon Sugar
Nitrogenous Base
Carboxyl Group
Amino Group
Phosphate Group
_________________ is a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge. An electric current is used to move the molecules through a gel or other matrix. Pores in the gel or matrix work like a sieve, allowing smaller molecules to move faster than larger molecules.
Centrifugation
Chromatography
Electrophoresis
Particle separation
The DNA base sequences recognized by Endonuclease are called
Restriction Site
Recognition Site
Fragmentation Site
cutting Site
The recognition sites for restriction enzymes are :
Tautomers
Pallindromes
Metameres
Acronyms
Restriction Enzymes are isolated from :
Protozoa
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Restriction Enzymes were primarily used as :
Defense by Protozoa against antibiotics
Tool by Virus to cleave Bacterial genome
Defense by Bacteria against bacteriophage viruses
All of the above
Restriction enzymes belong to class of enzymes:
Peptidase
Amylases
Lipases
Nucleases
Saturated fats are __________ at room temperature.
liquid
solid
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
Many carbohydrates end with?
-ose
-ace
-oak
-tic
When performing gel electrophoresis, a buffer is used to make the gel and flood the chamber. What is the purpose of this buffer? (Select all that apply.)
Charge the DNA molecules
Control pH
Make DNA soluble
Conduct electricity
When performing gel electrophoresis, a buffer is used to make the gel and flood the chamber. At what concentration is this buffer used?
1X
2X
3X
4X
If the micropipette in this image is a P20 (which measures volumes from 2-20 microliters), how many microliters could it measure?
0.98
9.8
98
980
When dialing in a volume on a P-20 what should it read if you are putting in 9.2uL?
9
2
0
0
9
2
9
0
2
1
9
2
What tool would you use to measure 325 μl?
P-20
P-200
P-1000
When trying to keep the samples sterile, when is it appropriate to change the tip of the micropipette?
If you change samples
If it touches you
If it touches the table
All of these are correct
If guanine makes up 19% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism, then cytosine would make up _____ percent of the bases.
19%
62%
31%
What is this?
What are these?
What is this tool?
pipette wheel or pump
Put the steps of setting up the electrophoresis apparatus in correct order:
1. (a)
2. (b)
3. (c)
4. (d)
5. (e)
If a strand of DNA has 4 restriction sites, how many fragments of DNA would be created when the restriction enzymes does it's job?
1
3
4
5
What is another name for restriction enzymes?
molecular scissors
bacterial cells
phages
Restriction endonucleases
What is a palindrome?
Sticky end
Blunt end
A sequence that reads the same forwards and backwards
A sequence that is complementary to the other
"bp" stands for...
Blood Pressure
Base Pair
Body Pressure
Body Pair
How many bp's make up each fragment?
11
14
7
22
28
Biotechnology is best defined as …
study of life
classification of species
use of living systems to make products
chemical analysis
The “raw materials” of biotechnology are …
cells, molecules, organisms
synthetic polymers
atoms
minerals
gases
Biologists mainly _____ while biotechnologists _____.
understand / apply
apply / understand
clone / classify
guess / measure
study / forget
Successful biotechnology work requires understanding …
biology and chemistry
physics and astronomy
history and ethics
math and geography
anatomy only
The smallest unit of life is …
atom
cell
molecule
organ
protein
Organisms with one cell are …
unicellular
multicellular
complex
colonial
macroscopic
The cell theory states that all living things …
arise spontaneously
are made of cells
produce ATP
contain chlorophyll
exist without DNA
The plasma membrane …
stores DNA
regulates entry and exit
creates proteins
produces energy
acts as enzyme
The “powerhouse” of the cell is the …
chloroplast
ribosome
mitochondrion
nucleus
cytoskeleton
DNA is found mainly in the …
nucleus
ribosome
Golgi
ER
mitochondria
The process DNA → RNA → protein is called the …
Central Dogma
Replication Cycle
Cell Theory
Energy Law
Transcription Rule
Photosynthesis occurs in the …
mitochondrion
chloroplast
lysosome
Golgi
ribosome
Plant cells but not animal cells contain a …
cell wall
mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome
vacuole
Ribosomes function to …
store lipids
make proteins
digest waste
break sugars
replicate DNA
The green pigment responsible for photosynthesis is …
chlorophyll
hemoglobin
melanin
xanthophyll
keratin
The cell’s interior fluid is …
cytoplasm
plasma
matrix
nucleoid
tubulin
Golgi apparatus role …
ships proteins
stores DNA
synthesizes lipids
controls osmosis
produces ATP
Prokaryotes lack …
a nucleus
DNA
cytoplasm
ribosomes
membrane
ATP provides …
energy
structure
genetic info
insulation
color
Messenger RNA carries code to …
ribosome
lysosome
mitochondria
chloroplast
Golgi
Building blocks of proteins …
amino acids
sugars
nucleotides
fatty acids
peptides
Lipids are …
hydrophobic
ionic
polar
basic
water-soluble
Carbohydrates function to …
store energy
transport DNA
carry oxygen
control osmosis
make enzymes
Animal glucose storage polymer …
glycogen
starch
cellulose
amylose
sucrose
Plant structural carbohydrate …
cellulose
chitin
glycogen
glucose
sucrose
Nucleic acids include …
DNA and RNA
ATP and ADP
proteins
lipids
vitamins
R-group determines properties of …
amino acid
lipid
nucleotide
sugar
enzyme
Protein monomer = …
amino acid
nucleotide
fatty acid
glucose
polypeptide
Enzymes are classified as …
proteins
carbs
nucleic acids
lipids
sugars
Genetic information is stored in …
DNA
ATP
lipids
RNA
amino acids
Sugar in DNA …
deoxyribose
ribose
glucose
fructose
sucrose
RNA contains …
uracil
thymine
adenine only
no bases
xanthine
Copying DNA into RNA is …
transcription
translation
replication
mutation
oxidation
Translation produces …
proteins
RNA
DNA
nucleotides
enzymes
Cutting enzyme = …
restriction enzyme
ligase
helicase
polymerase
endonuclease
Joining enzyme = …
ligase
polymerase
transferase
endonuclease
isomerase
Recombinant DNA = …
DNA from different sources
viral DNA
mutated RNA
chromatin
protein complex
First recombinant organism made in …
1973
1953
1982
1990
1966
First engineered product marketed …
human insulin
tBA
penicillin
growth hormone
antibody
Company behind first engineered product marketed …
Genentech
Amgen
Regeneron
Monsanto
Pfizer
Insulin made by …
E. coli
yeast
CHO cells
frog
mouse
Benefit of recombinant insulin …
human-identical
less allergy
steady supply
all of these
none
First biotech company …
Genentech
Amgen
Biogen
Promega
Eli Lilly
Genentech was founded in what year?
1976
1973
1980
1982
1984
Which of the following is a regulatory agency in the U.S.?
EPA
CDC
A, B, and C
FDA
USDA
A plasmid is what type of structure?
circular DNA in bacteria
linear chromosome
enzyme
protein
RNA
The monomers of proteins are __________.
Nucleotides
Amino acids
Monosaccharides
Fatty acids
The storage polysaccharide in animals is __________.
Cellulose
Starch
Glycogen
Chitin
The main structural carbohydrate in plants is __________.
Glycogen
Cellulose
Starch
Chitin
Lipids are composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and __________.
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Nucleic acids are polymers of __________.
Amino acids
Nucleotides
Monosaccharides
Fatty acids
The sugar found in RNA is __________.
Glucose
Ribose
Deoxyribose
Fructose
The enzyme that cuts DNA is a __________ enzyme.
Ligase
Polymerase
Restriction
Helicase
The enzyme that joins DNA fragments is called DNA __________.
Ligase
Polymerase
Helicase
Nuclease
The first recombinant organism was a bacterium containing __________ DNA.
Human
Plant
Animal
Viral
Recombinant insulin is produced in __________ cells.
Bacterial
Plant
Animal
Fungal
The first commercial biotech product was __________.
Human growth hormone
Insulin
Antibiotics
Vaccines
Biotechnology combines biology and __________.
Chemistry
Physics
Technology
Mathematics
Proteins act as enzymes to speed chemical reactions.
Hormones
Enzymes
Antibodies
Receptors
Genes are segments of DNA.
RNA
Protein
Lipid
DNA
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
Powerhouse of the cell
Storage of genetic information
Organelle of photosynthesis
Protein factory
What is the primary role of ribosomes in a cell?
Waste digestion
Protein factory
Energy molecule
Regulates entry and exit
Which molecule is known as the energy currency of the cell?
DNA
RNA
ATP
Plasmid
