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Earth Science 1

Total questions: 99

Worksheet time: 1hrs 11mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which layer is made (mostly) of LIQUID iron and nickel?

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

2.

Which layer of the Earth is the THINNEST?

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

3.

Which layer of the Earth is the THICKEST?

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

4.

Which layer is the hottest?

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

5.

What is the middle part of the mantle that is partially molten rock, or putty like, or semisolid.

a)

Asthenosphere

b)

Mesosphere

c)

Lithosphere

d)

Crust

6.

Which of the following is true regarding the composition of the lithosphere?

a)

The lithosphere is mostly liquid, with some medium-density materials, such as silicon.

b)

The lithosphere is more plastic and flows slowly compared to the solid crust of Earth.

c)

The lithosphere includes the core and the lower portion of the mantle.

d)

The lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle, which is sold and rigid.

7.

Which of the following correctly lists the layers from innermost to outermost?

a)

inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, crust

b)

lower mantle, upper mantle, crust, inner core, outer core

c)

lower mantle, inner core, upper mantle, outer core, crust

d)

crust, inner core, lower mantle, upper mantle, outer core

8.

As you travel from the crust to the core, how would temperature, pressure and density of the material change?

a)

They would all increase

b)

They would all decrease.

c)

Nothing, the layers are made of the same material throughout

d)

Temperature would decrease, but pressure and density would increase

9.
Scientists determine what Earth’s interior looks like by using:
a)
Volcanoes
b)
Seismic Waves
c)
Continental Drift
d)
Convection Currents
10.
Which layer of Earth has the GREATEST density?
a)
crust
b)
mantle
c)
outer core
d)
inner core
11.
Which layer of the earth is under the highest pressure?
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer Core
d)
Inner Core
12.

This zone divides the upper and lower mantle and is a layer of soft and weak rock

a)

Crust

b)

Middle mantle

c)

Lithosphere

d)

Asthenosphere

13.

Why was Wegener's theory rejected?

a)

he really was a crazy little man

b)

he found evidence of matching fossils, land formations and climate evidence

c)

he could not identify the cause behind continental drift

d)

he did not have the support of his fellow scientists

14.

What 3 things did Wegener study to support his ideas? Mark all THREE.

a)

matching fossils

b)

matching land features

c)

matching forces

d)

climate change

15.

What was the name of the supercontinent?

a)

Panorama

b)

Pangea

c)

Panamerican

d)

Wegener

16.

What is the theory that continents were all once together and have drifted apart?

a)

american movement

b)

continental plates

c)

continental drift

d)

memorial drift

17.

What was Wegener's hypothesis?

a)

all continents are joined in a single landmass as they have been for a long time

b)

all continents are situated as they have been forever

c)

all continents were far apart and have joined into a single landmass

d)

all continents were joined in a single landmass and have drifted apart

18.

The mesosaurus is an example of which type of evidence?

a)

matching fossil

b)

matching land formation

c)

climate change

d)

memorial movement

19.

Glacier grooves are an example of climate change evidence because?

a)

glacial grooves are found in Antarctica today and it is cold

b)

glacial grooves are found in the warm areas today, so it means that continent used to be near the poles

c)

glacial grooves are found in the cold today and it is closer to the poles

d)

glacial grooves are found in the warm areas because there was an ice age and continents were never together

20.

Which is the best statement for fossil evidence?

a)

Lystrosaurus fossils found on same continent, many places

b)

Lystrosaurus fossils found on several continents and they could swim in fresh water

c)

Lystrosaurus fossils found on two continents that are connected today

d)

Lystrosaurus fossils found on several continents and they could not swim, so the continents were connected.

21.

Mountain ranges on different continents being the same age, type and structure is

a)

matching fossil evidence

b)

matching land formation evidence

c)

climate change evidence

d)

memorial movement evidence

22.

This picture is an example of which type of evidence?

a)

matching fossil

b)

matching land formation

c)

climate change

d)

memorial movement

23.

This picture is an example of which type of evidence?

a)

matching fossil

b)

matching land formation

c)

climate change

d)

memorial movement

24.
Which scientist discovered that the sea floor was spreading? 
a)
Albert Einstein
b)
Alfred Wegener
c)
Harry Hess
d)
Harry Houdini
25.
The Earth's surface is divided up into ___________ made of lithosphere, which are moving over the asthenosphere.
a)
continents
b)
oceans
c)
plates
d)
mountains
26.
What type of plate boundary is this?
a)
Plate
b)
Divergent
c)
Convergent
d)
Transform
27.
Which of the following causes Earth's tectonic plates to move?
a)
Energy from the Sun
b)
Magnetic Pole Reversal
c)
Convection currents in the mantle
d)
Faults in Mountain Ranges
28.
The type of plate boundary where two plates come together is a .....
a)
Convergent Boundary
b)
Divergent Boundary
c)
Transform Boundary
d)
Plate Boundary
29.
A divergent boundary occurs when plates ....
a)
Pull apart
b)
Come together
c)
Slide past each other
d)
subducting
30.
What type of plate boundary is this?
a)
Transform
b)
Convergent
c)
Divergent
d)
Plate
31.
Where would the oldest rock be found?
a)
L
b)
M
c)
N
d)
O
32.
How is it possible for new crust to be formed without increasing the surface area of the Earth?
a)
Crust is destroyed at the same time it is created
b)
New crust is underwater where it sinks
c)
New crust breaks more easily than old crust
33.
Mountains are created when....
a)
Two continental plates collide
b)
Two oceanic plates pull apart
c)
An Oceanic plate subducts under a Continental Plate
d)
Two continental plates pull apart
34.
The area where two tectonic plates meet.
a)
mantle
b)
focus
c)
plate boundary
d)
convection
35.
The average density of one of the continental crusts is 2.8 g/cm3 and the average density of one of the oceanic crusts is 3.2 g/cm3. If these two plates came together, what could be expected to happen? 
a)
  The two plates would push apart and form a rift zone. 
b)
The oceanic plate would rise up over the continental plate. 
c)
The oceanic plate would be pushed under the continental plate. 
d)
The two plates would meet head on and rise up to form mountains.
36.
In the Atlantic ocean, where is the youngest seafloor located?
a)
Towards the edges, near the eastern and western continents
b)
Towards the middle of the ocean
c)
Towards the north and south poles
d)
Young seafloor is located randomly throughout the ocean
37.
How do scientists figure out the age of the seafloor?
a)
They research it from ancient sea maps that trading vessels would use in the 1700s
b)
They use the moon phases and eclipses to calculate the age
c)
They use seismographs and the depth as well as location of earthquakes to calculate the age
d)
They take drill ships to many locations in the oceans and collect, then date, rock samples. 
38.
True or False: The continents on the eastern (the Americas) and western (Europe, Africa) side of the Atlantic Ocean are moving closer together. 
a)
True
b)
False
39.
What is FALSE about the age pattern on the seafloor in the Atlantic Ocean? 
a)
The pattern is symmetrical on each side of the Mid-Atlantic ridge (plate tectonic boundary)
b)
The oldest seafloor can be found towards the edges of the ocean, near the eastern and western continents
c)
The youngest sea floor can be found towards the edges of the ocean, near the eastern and western continents
d)
Seafloor near the Mid-Atlantic ridge (plate tectonic boundary) can be up to 10 million years old
40.
What two words are BEST used to describe how the seafloor spreads?
a)
Magma and convection
b)
Earthquakes and convection
c)
Magma and convention
d)
Volcanoes and earthquakes
41.

What were 2 kinds of evidence were used to prove that the seafloor spread?

a)

rock formations, WWII shipwrecks

b)

magnetic seafloor stripes, WWII ship logs

c)

magnetic seafloor stripes, age of rocks

42.
What technology was used during WWII to detect enemy submarines and produce the first map of the seafloor?
a)
Sonar
b)
Radar
c)
GPS
43.

Process by which new ocean crust forms.

a)

Seafloor spreading

b)

Continental drift

c)

Mid-ocean ridge

d)

Rift

44.
Undersea mountain range.
a)
Rift
b)
Mid-ocean ridge
c)
seafloor spreading
d)
Continental drift
45.
The OLDEST seafloor is located? 
a)
Closest to the mid-ocean ridge
b)
Farthest from the mid-ocean ridge
46.
What are Mid-Ocean Ridges?
a)
A chain of underwater waterfalls 
b)
A chain of underwater volcanos
c)
A chain of underwater mountains
d)
A chain of underwater rocks
47.

Sea-floor spreading begins at the

a)

Deep ocean trench

b)

Mid-ocean ridge

c)

Continent's edge

48.

Why does oceanic crust sink below the continental crust during subduction

a)

oceanic crust is less dense

b)

oceanic crust is more dense

c)

oceanic crust is older

d)

oceanic crust is warmer

49.

Scientists think that the continents once formed a giant landmass that broke apart, and then slowly drifted apart. What is the name given to this hypothesis?

a)

sea-floor Spreading

b)

plate tectonics

c)

continental drift

d)

Pangaea

50.

Most geologist think that the movement of Earth's tectonic plates is caused by

a)

the rotation of the Earth.

b)

the Earth's magnetic field.

c)

subduction in the mantle

d)

convection currents in the mantle (asthenosphere)

e)

convection currents in the lithosphere

51.

Who was the scientist that created the Continental Drift Hypothesis?

a)

Harry Hess

b)

George Washington

c)

Alfred Wegener

d)

Marie Curie

52.

Fossils of the Mesosaurus were found on the continents of South America and Africa within the same layers of rock. This provides evidence that the two continents were once

a)

separated by an ocean.

b)

joined as one large land mass.

c)

in different hemispheres.

d)

located near the poles.

53.

Most scientists did not believe Alfred Wegener's hypothesis about drifting land masses. Why?

a)

He did not give enough evidence.

b)

They thought his time table was off.

c)

They did not like Alfred.

d)

He could not explain how the land masses moved.

54.

Which two land masses did Wegener think fit the best together like puzzle pieces?

a)

N American and Europe

b)

S America and Aftrica

c)

Australia and Africa

d)

Europe and S America

55.

How does the continental drift hypothesis explain the evidence of the same age and type of rock (Mt. Ranges) on different land masses?

a)

The world's climate changed over time.

b)

Scientists have incorrectly identified glacier remains.

c)

The landmasses were at one time in a different climate.

d)

Glaciers covered the world.

56.

How did Wegener explain that the same fossils ended up on different land mass?

a)

The same organisms were born and died on different land masses.

b)

The organisms were carried by land bridges across the water.

c)

The organisms lived on a single land mass that split apart.

d)

The organisms were carried to different land masses by "rafting."

57.

The process by which new seafloor forms when magma rises at the mid-ocean ridges and solidifies, pushing older rock away is called (a)   .

58.

Match the following

a)

Paleomagnetism

1.

the study of magnetic minerals in rock

b)

Plate Tectonics

2.

theory of how lithospheric plates move and change shape

c)

Sea-Floor Spreading

3.

process by which new ocean floor forms as magma rises and solidifies at the Mid-Ocean Ridge

d)

Trench

4.

long, narrow, steep depression that forms on the sea floor as a result of subduction

e)

Magma

5.

liquid rock produced under the Earth's surface

59.

Mid-ocean ridges are the sites of intense _________ activity.

a)

emotional

b)

volcanic

c)

earthquake

d)

mathematical

60.

At a mid-ocean ridge, melted rock rises through cracks in the _________.

a)

ceiling

b)

river

c)

inner core

d)

sea floor

61.

As the melted rock cools and hardens,

it forms new ________.

a)

volcanoes

b)

hope

c)

core

d)

crust

62.

___________ is the hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations.

a)

Continental drift

b)

Sea-floor spreading

c)

Plate tectonics

d)

Mid-ocean range

63.

In the 1960s, scientists studying the ocean floor discovered _____________.

a)

that the ocean floor had magnetic patterns

b)

the Titanic

c)

that the ocean floor had magical properties

d)

that the ocean floor was as smooth as a desert

64.

Magnetic reversal is the process by which ________________.

a)

the Earth's north and south magnetic poles periodically change places

b)

the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations

c)

new oceanic lithosphere (sea floor) forms as magma rises to Earth’s surface and solidifies at a mid-ocean ridge

65.

What technology did scientists use in the mid-1900s to map the mid-ocean ridge?

a)

satellites

b)

deep-sea diving

c)

submarines

d)

sonar

66.

In sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts

a)

along the edges of all the continents

b)

along mid-ocean ridges

c)

in deep-ocean trenches

d)

at the north and south poles

67.
A fault is
(a)  
Choose from the below words
A fracture in the Earth where movement has occurred
A place on Earth where earthquakes cannot occur
The place on Earth’s surface where structures move during an earthquake
Another name for an earthquake
68.
Certain activities occur at different plate boundaries due to movement at the boundary. Which activity would be the main result of two tectonic plates slipping past one another?
a)
floods
b)
earthquakes
c)
island buliding
d)
seafloor spreading
69.
A strong earthquake that occurs on the ocean floor could result in the formation of
(a)  
Choose from the below words
A tsunami
A delta
An el nino event
low tides
70.

Base your answer on the diagram, which shows models of two types of earthquake waves. Model A best represents the motion of earthquake waves called:


(a)  
a)

P-waves (compressional waves) that travel faster than S-waves (shear waves) shown in model B

b)

P-waves (compressional waves) that travel slower than S-waves (shear waves) shown in model B

c)

S-waves (shear waves) that travel faster than P-waves (compressional waves) shown in model B

d)

S-waves (shear waves) that travel slower than P-waves (compressional waves) shown in model B

71.
Base your answer to the next question on the seismogram below. The seismogram was recorded at a seismic station and shows the arrival times of the first P-wave and S-wave from an earthquake. Which part of this seismogram is used to find the distance to the epicenter of the earthquake?
a)

S-wave arrival time, only

b)

P-wave arrival time, only

c)

Difference in the arrival time of the P-wave and S-wave

d)

Difference in the height of the P-wave and S-wave

72.

A minimum of ​ (a)   seismic stations are needed to determine the location of an earthquake’s epicenter.

Choose from the below words
3
2
4
5
73.
Base your answer on the diagram below, which represents seismic stations A, B, and C. The distance from each station to an earthquake’s epicenter is plotted. The epicenter is closest to point:
A
B
C
D
74.

The circles on the map show the distances from three seismic stations, X, Y, and Z, to the epicenter of an earthquake. Which location is closest to the earthquake epicenter?

A
B
C
D
75.
An earthquake’s epicenter is
(a)  
Choose from the below words
The place on the surface directly above the focus
A spot halfway between the focus and the surface
The spot below the focus
Any spot along the nearest fault
76.
The focus is a point in the interior of Earth where the energy is released causing an earthquake. The waves generated at the focus will MOST likely:
a)
Stop when they reach the surface.
b)
Die out before reaching the fault.
c)
Be stronger in the atmosphere.
d)
Move out in all directions.
77.

The figure below is an illustration of ________, which occurs beneath tectonic plates and causes them to move.

a)

Ring of Fire

b)

Osmosis

c)

S waves

d)

Convection Currents

78.
Which scale is used to report the magnitude of an earthquake?
a)
Saffir-simpson scale
b)
Richter
c)
Enhanced Fujita Scale
79.

The place where an earthquake originates inside the Earth's surface is called...

a)

Epicenter

b)

Focus

c)

Underground

d)

Crust

80.

5. Which type of wave travels the fastest?

a)

Primary Wave

b)

Secondary Wave

c)

Long Wave

81.
Creates new ocean floor:
a)
Divergent
b)
Convergent
c)
Transform
82.
Can produce earthquakes
a)
Divergent
b)
Convergent
c)
Transform
d)
Actually, all of them
83.
Has rift valleys:
a)
Divergent
b)
Convergent
c)
Transform
d)
Actually, all of them
84.
Creates volcanoes on land:
a)
Divergent
b)
Convergent
c)
Transform
d)
Actually, all of them
85.
Recycles old crust:
a)
Divergent
b)
Convergent
c)
Transform
d)
Actually, all of them
86.

The San Andreas fault line runs through California and commonly produces earthquakes. This plate boundary is called a:

a)

Convergent

b)

Transform

c)

Subduction

d)

Divergent

87.
What is the spread of lava as it pours out of a vent?
a)
magma chamber
b)
pipe
c)
lava flow
d)
crater
88.
Once magma reaches the earth's surface it is called.....
a)
Silica
b)
Rock
c)
lava
89.
Volcanoes can be found...
a)
on land
b)
under water
c)
on islands
d)
all of the above
90.

Where is the Ring of Fire located?

a)

Atlantic Plate

b)

Pacific Plate

c)

Japanese Plate

d)

North American Plate

91.

What geologic hazards are caused by Ring of Fire volcanic eruptions? (Select all that apply)

a)

Earthquakes

b)

Volcanic Eruptions

c)

Mudslides

d)

Tsunamis

92.

How are megathrust earthquakes generated?

a)

Major volcanic eruptions causing massive displacement of earth.

b)

Triggered by subduction as the rocks slide past each other at convergent plate boundaries.

c)

Generated by the ripping of continental plate from oceanic plate.

d)

Kaiju rising from the rift of the Pacific Rim.

93.

What s driving the movement of the tectonic plates?

a)

Gravity

b)

Tides caused by lunar activity

c)

Convection currents deep in the mantle

d)

A giant turtle

94.

What percentage of Earth's volcanoes are found in the Ring of Fire?

a)

10%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

95.

What is the vent?

a)

A spray of lava.

b)

The main part of the volcano, cone shaped.

c)

An opening at the surface where volcanic eruptions occur.

d)

A pipe-shaped passageway that the magma flows along.

96.
Dormant volcanoes might erupt in the future.
a)
True
b)
False
97.

A volcano that has erupted within the past 10,000 years is considered to be...

a)

Explosive

b)

Active

c)

Dormant

d)

Inactive

98.

What process causes volcanos to form?

a)

Climate change

b)

Tectonic plates moving

c)

Tornadoes

d)

Humans

99.

A ______ is the path in which magma flows to the vent.

a)

A cinder cone

b)

Pyroclastic eruption

c)

Lava Flow

d)

Conduit

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