originally developed by IBM, uses a logical ring topology

(a)  

LAN protocol standard by ANSI and

ITU-T

(a)  

Designed to handle the transfer of data using either

asynchronous modem links or high-speed synchronous leased lines

(a)  

Used as the packet switching protocol provided for use in a WAN

(a)  

WAN protocol designed in response to X.25 deficiencies

(a)  

a protocol for transferring cells

(a)  

Hardware/software device capable of creating temporary

connections

(a)  

Allows us to extend the physical length of a network

(a)  

Operate in both the physical and the data link layers

(a)  

the Internet is a combination of networks connected by routers

(a)  

Operate over the entire range in all seven layers of the OSI model

(a)  

Provides the interface with physical media

(a)  

Represents the basic communication link that exists between computers

(a)  

Responsible for data transmission across networks

(a)  

Responsible for ensuring that message are delivered error-free and in

the correct sequence

(a)  

Controls the network connection between the computers in the network

(a)  

Responsible for the data format, which includes the task of hashing

the data to reduce the number of bits (hash code) that will be transferred

(a)  

Responsible for providing user-layer applications and network

management functions

(a)  

Contains protocols that provide access to a communication network

(a)  

Allows data to traverse multiple networks

(a)  

Delivers data between two processes in different host computers

(a)  

Contains protocols for resource sharing and remote access

(a)  

A network layer (layer 3 in the OSI model or Internet layer in the

TCP/IP model) protocol which contains addressing information and some control

information to enable packets to be controlled.

(a)  

Packets in the IP layer are called

(a)  

Physical (local or link) address - A local address is called a (a)  

because it is usually implemented in hardware.

called a logical address at the network level because it

is usually implemented in software.

(a)  

The label assigned to a process

(a)  

used for multicasting.

(a)  

reserved for future use.

(a)  

one large network is divided into several samller subnetworks,

(a)  

several networks are combined into one large network.

(a)  

a process that extracts the physical network address from IP address.

(a)  

The delivery of a packet to a host or a router requires

two levels of addressing.

(a)  

Using the physical address to get the

logical IP address.

(a)  

consists of 32 hexadecimal digits, with every four digits separated by a colon.

(a)  

Packets sent to a (a)   are delivered to the interface uniquely specified

by the address.

- Packets sent to a (a)   will be delivered to at least one interface

specified by the address.

Packets sent to a (a)   will be delivered to all the interface to which

the address refers.

An extension to the Internet Protocol which is

used to communicate between a gateway and a source host, to manage errors and

generate control messages.

(a)  

used to facilitate the simultaneous transmission

of a message to a group of recipients.

(a)  

A connection-oriented byte stream transport

layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite.

(a)  

is suitable for a process that requires simple

request-response communication with little concern for flow and error control.

(a)  

A distributed client-server service.

(a)  

The protocol used to transfer a Web page

between a browser and a Web server.

(a)  

A language used to create Web pages.

(a)  

The standard mechanism provided by TCP/IP for

copying a file from on host to another.

(a)  

Provides online shared file access that is transparent

and integrated.

(a)  

A protocol that quickly copies

files because it does not require all the sophistication provided in FTP.

(a)  

Protocols that support electronic mail service

(a)  

The protocol that transfer e-mail from one

server to another.

(a)  

Te most popular protocol used to transfer

email message from a permanent mailbox to local computer.

(a)  

A standard protocol for accessing e-mail

from your local server.

(a)  

allows arbitrary data to be encoded in

ASCII and then transmitted in a standard e-mail message.

(a)  

An application protocol that facilitate the exchange of management

information between network devices

(a)  

Distributed database to map a Domain Name to an IP address

(a)  

A protocol used to propagate routing

information inside an autonomous system.

(a)  

a group of networks and routers under the authority of

a single administration

(a)  

A new alternative to RIP as an interior routing

protocol.

(a)  

An exterior gateway protocol for communication

between routers in different autonomous system.

(a)  

A simple remote terminal protocol

(a)  

designed for remote login only between UNIX hosts

(a)  

- generated by an algorithm that creates a small fixed-

sized block

(a)  

is an equation used to verify the validity of data. It has

many applications, notably in information security (e.g. user authentication).

(a)  

introduced by the National Security Agency of the USA.

takes the output and generates an output of 160-bits hash value.

(a)  

an advanced version of the same hashing function, but it is also

completely different from SHA1, SHA2, and MD5.

(a)  

one-way cryptographic hashing algorithm.

takes a string of any length converting it into a fixed hash value of 128-

bit.

(a)  

a cryptographic system in which

keys come in pairs.

(a)