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WorksheetsWH Chapter 4 Review
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 3600secs
During the Enlightenment, who gained power in government and society?
The Church
The King and Queen
Nobles
Ordinary People
What is another name for the Enlightenment?
The Reformation
Age of Revolutions
Age of Reason
Age of Absolutism
Which was NOT an important principle of the Enlightenment?
The King got his power from God
People are born with guaranteed rights
People should have a say in their government
Government should be limited
The Social Contract says that government gets its power from...
God
The People
The Military
Other Kings and Queens
What type of law guided the Enlightenment thinkers?
Positive Law
Descriptive Law
Divine Law
Natural Law
Which was NOT a Natural Right?
Equality
Life
Liberty
Property
Who authored the theory of Natural Rights?
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Jean-jacques Rousseau
Baron de Montesquieu
In his book, Leviathan, what type of government did Hobbes argue was needed to maintain order?
Absolute Monarchy
Constitutional Monarchy
Direct Democracy
Republic
Hobbes believed that government was needed to protect...
Us from ourselves
Our Natural Rights
Us from other nations
Our gold and silver
Locke believed government was needed to protect...
Us from ourselves
our Natural Rights
Us from other nations
Our gold and silver
Where was it argued our Natural Rights came from?
God
The People
Our Military
Our Government
What Enlightenment thinker wrote about Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances?
Denis Diderot
Baron de Montesquieu
Jean-jacques Rousseau
Madame Geoffrin
By the end of the Enlightenment, what city became the center of the philosophical movement?
London
Berlin
Paris
Rome
What were French Enlightenment thinkers referred to as?
Prêtres
Philosophes
Scientifiques
Penseurs
How did most kings and queens respond to Enlightenment writers?
Censored them
Gave them positions in government
Rewarded them with fame and money
Read and studied their works
What do we call kings and queens who accepted Enlightenment ideals and made changes for their subjects?
Tyrants
Robber Barons
Enlightened Despots
Absolute Monarchs
During the Enlightenment, how much changed in the daily life of the ordinary person?
People gained full equality under the law
Nearly nothing changed immediately
The rich became poor and the poor became rich
Life became significantly better
Since the Enlightenment, what do we call our collective understanding of reality?
Philosophy
Science
Religion
Logic
What is science based upon?
Logic
Observations
Divine Revelation
Feelings
Who posthumously predicted the Heliocentric Theory?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Sir Isaac Newton
Galileo Galilei
Tycho Brahe
Who demonstrated the Heliocentric Theory to be true?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Galileo Galilei
Sir Isaac Newton
Tycho Brahe
What was the outcome of Galileo's Trial before the Inquisition?
Galileo was put to death as a heretic
Galileo retracted his findings and was placed under house arrest
Galileo was found innocent of heresy and released
Galileo refused to retract his findings and was tortured
What does the Heliocentric Theory say?
The earth is the center of the universe and all planets move around it
The earth revolves around the sun, which is the center of our solar system
There is no center to the universe, no planets move
The earth is the only planet in the universe
Who is the teacher in the Scientific Method?
A professor
The Church
The government
The student
Identify the two discoverers of the Scientific Method.
Francis Bacon
Sir Isaac Newton
Rene Descartes
Nicolaus Copernicus
Galileo Galilei
Who compiled Enlightenment ideals into "le Encyclopedie"?
Denis Diderot
Madame Geoffrin
Jean-jacques Rousseau
Voltaire
What were French centers for Enlightenment discussions called?
Salons
Réunions
Rendez-vous
Maison
Who was the most prominent host of salons?
Madame Geoffrin
Mary Wollstonecraft
Olympe de Gouges
Marie Antoinette
Who described the elliptical orbital patterns of planets?
Johannes Kepler
Tycho Brahe
Nicolaus Copernicus
Sir Isaac Newton
Who described the theory of Universal Relative Gravity?
Johannes Kepler
Tycho Brahe
Nicolaus Copernicus
Sir Isaac Newton
What type of law is science?
Positive Law
Natural Law
Descriptive Law
Divine Law
What nation is the oldest and maybe best example of an Enlightenment government?
The United States of America
The United Kingdom
Germany
The French Republic
Who was the British king at the beginning of the American Revolution?
George III
Henry VIII
Charles II
James I
What act followed the French & Indian War and prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachain Mountains?
Sugar Act
Townshend Act
Intolerable Acts
Proclamation Act
What act was a response to the Boston Tea Party?
Sugar Act
Townshend Act
Proclamation Act
Intolerable Acts
How many representatives did the American colonists have in Parliament?
0
1 per colony
2 per colony
It was based upon population
What percentage of American colonists favored separation from England?
25%
40%
60%
90%
What was the first battle of the American Revolution?
Lexington
Saratoga
Yorktown
Trenton
What battle persuaded France and Spain to assist the Patriots?
Lexington
Yorktown
Saratoga
Trenton
What battle was fought on Christmas Eve and inspired Patriots to sign up for another year of military service?
Yorktown
Trenton
Saratoga
Lexington
Where was the camp that the Continental Army spent the winter of 1776-1777 strengthening their fighting skills?
Gettysburg
Valley Forge
Camp David
Fort Pitt
At what major battle did General Cornwallis surrender, effectively ending the American Revolution?
Lexington
Saratoga
Yorktown
Trenton
What type of fighting did the Continental Army use?
Traditional
Guerrilla
Mobile Cavalry
Heavy Naval
What treaty ended the American Revolution?
Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Ghent
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
What type of government did the US Constitution set up?
Absolute Monarchy
Direct Democracy
Tribal Oligarchy
Federal Republic
Who was the commander of the Continental Army and the first President of the United States?
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
George Washington
Benjamin Franklin
What British Enlightenment thinker believed that if a government failed to serve its citizens, they had the "right to revolution"?
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Mary Wollstonecraft
Jeremy Bentham
Which Founding Father is generally credited as the author of the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
George Washington
Benjamin Franklin
Which Founding Father is considered to be the Father of the Constitution due to his role in writing the document?
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
George Washington
Benjamin Franklin
Which Founding Father negotiated the treaty that ended the American Revolution and was referred to as the First American?
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
George Washington
Benjamin Franklin
Why is it important that the scientific method is a structured step-by-step process?
It ensures that all scientists start with a hypothesis.
It ensures that observations and discoveries are the result of steps that can be repeated.
It makes it harder to duplicate the final result.
It makes it possible for the hypothesis to always be proven correct.
Why was the work of Andreas Vesalius so important to medicine?
His studies of the human circulatory system correctly identified the heart as a pump that pushed blood through the human body.
His work with ointments to prevent infection led the way for later discoveries in disease prevention.
His book accurately describing human anatomy helped other medical scientists' research and discoveries.
His development of a more powerful microscope allowed scientists to see microorganisms for the first time.
What general conclusion did Isaac Newton's observation of gravity have on the way we understand the universe?
The law of gravity is the force that explains why the sun is at the center of the solar system.
The law of gravity is one of several natural forces that explains and governs the motion of the planets and stars.
The laws of physics use gravity to help illustrate and model a form of higher mathematics called calculus, in part developed by Newton.
Gravity was the missing link that was needed to link astronomy, physics, and mathematics.
Natural Philosophy, or the "Investigation into the nature of things" mostly included, but was not limited to, the Study of which of the following subjects"
The Enlightenment and Renaissance Period plus some Art History
Auto Shop, Weightlifting, Theater and Band
P.E.,Yearbook, Cheer and Dance
Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Astrology, Physiology
Math and Science
Natural Rights, human rights, life liberty, property is the political philosophy of which Enlightenment Thinker?
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Black Jacques Shillac
Montesquieu
John Locke
The Social Contract is the idea of which Enlightenment Thinker?
John Locke
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Voltaire
Thomas Hobbs
During the Age of Reason or Renaissance was a period of time where a Salon was;
Where one would get a manicure-pedicure.
Where a person could go and get their hair did and nails done.
Where intellectuals, writers and artists would gather to exchange pertinent information and sharing big ideas.
Was initially held in the homes of women of social and intellectual status.
School of Cosmetology
What Scientist created the first two laws of planetary motion?
Neil DeGrasse Tyson
Sir Issac Newton
Steven Hawking
Johannes Kepler
Albert Einstein
Laws of Motion
Hans Delbruck
Isaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Neil DeGrasse Tyson
Gallieo
Which of the following philosophes stated there should be three branches of government?
Montesquieu
Newton
Voltaire
Diderot
Which of the following was best known for his criticism of Christianity?
Montesquieu
Newton
Voltaire
Diderot
What is deism?
French word for philosopher
a form of government in which the legislative , executive, and judicial branches limit and control each other
a system of thought based on reason is the chief source of knowledge
an 18th century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law
What is philosophe?
French word for philosopher
a form of government in which the legislative , executive, and judicial branches limit and control each other
a system of thought based on reason is the chief source of knowledge
an 18th century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law
What is separation of powers?
French word for philosopher
a form of government in which the legislative , executive, and judicial branches limit and control each other
a system of thought based on reason is the chief source of knowledge
an 18th century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law
The historical circumstances which led to the Enlightenment were
civil unrest caused by disease and famine
absolute rulers treating their citizens fairly and allowing them to live in their palaces
citizens were content to live how they always had
absolute rulers treating their citizens poorly
John Locke believed
people have the natural rights of life, liberty, and property.
the government should be divided into three branches
in freedom of speech
the government is mostly good and should not be questioned
According to John Locke, if the government fails to protect the natural rights of their citizens, the people should
do nothing
advocate for change through peace protests
overthrow the government
take a nap
Voltaire advocated for
freedom of religion
freedom of assembly
freedom of press
freedom of speech
Social contract theory is the idea that
a binding legal document between citizens and the government
people agree to give up some of their rights in order to form a government that will protect their natural rights
people agree to live in a society with no rules
people always maintain all of their rights
The global impact of Enlightenment ideals was it inspire
revolutions around the world (America, France, Latin America)
people to continue supporting absolute monarchs
the industrial revolution
exploration
Who said:
"I... regard the establishment of the political body as real contract between the people and the chiefs chosen by them: a contract by which both parties bind themselves to observe the laws therein expressed, which form the ties of their union."
Locke
Rousseau
Voltaire
Montesquieu
Mary Wollstonecraft advocated for
women's rights and education
the abolition of slavery
women staying home and raising children
absolute monarchs
Mary Wollstonecraft wrote
The Two Treatises of Government
The Spirit of the Laws
A Vindication of the Rights of Women
The Social Contract
In the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers moved away from __________ and championed ______________
Absolutism and Colonization
Science and Superstition
Absolutism and Democracy
Democracy and Absolutism
A champion of civil liberties in danger by oppressive governments, the philosopher Voltaire would have said which quote?
“[the Monarch is] the first servant of the state.”
“I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”
"I am the State"
"I should like to be a horse."
The discoveries of astronomers like Copernicus and Galileo
established that the universe was sun-centered, or heliocentric.
reinforced most of the traditional teachings of philosophers and the Church.
were supported by most scientists of the time.
proved that ancient philosophers, like Ptolemy, were correct in their views of how the universe works.
Isaac Newton's contributions to science are sometimes referred to as the "Newtonian Revolution" because he
was directly responsible for advances in all the fields of science of his time.
totally disproved the traditional Ptolemaic belief that the sun and planets revolved around Earth.
combined physics, mathematics, and astronomy to explain why the planets moved as they did.
developed the laws of geometry that are still used today.
The ideas of Francis Bacon and René Descartes led to a new scientific method because they both believed that
basic scientific fact is obvious to those who look hard enough at available data.
the traditional teachings of the Church should form the basis of all scientific inquiry.
truth could only be determined after a process of investigation.
the discoveries of the ancient philosophers were valid but should be documented in a modern way.
What was the eventual result of the scientific contributions of René Descartes and Francis Bacon?
A new, step-by-step scientific method resulted, based on inquiry, experimentation, and observation.
A new body of science called chemistry was established, which proposed that all matter is composed of tiny particles.
Mathematics was applied to the movement of planets, in which laws of gravity were observed and established.
The geocentric view of the universe was discarded despite Church pressure in favor of the heliocentric model.
The Geocentric Theory is credited to which Greek philosopher:
Plato
Aristotle
Socrates
Ptolemy
Geocentric Theory is based upon when:
The Sun and Moons rotate around the planet Earth
All of the planets and moons rotate around the Sun
Sun is at the center of the universe
Earth is the center of the universe
The Enlightenment was...
a period when citizens were happy with their rulers
a period when individuals started using reason to question the government
a period when Buddhist were able to reach nirvana
a period marked by closed minded and isolation
Who wrote the pamphlet 'Common Sense' which influenced the American Revolution?
John Locke
Montesquieu
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Thomas Paine
Match the Thinker to their Contribution
John Locke
Life, liberty, & property
Charles de Montesquieu
Separation of Powers
William Blackstone
Commentaries on the Laws
Rousseau
The Social Contract
Name the Philosopher: English Philosopher who wrote "Leviathan" believed all humans are naturally selfish and wicked/evil and need one strong ruler to govern them.
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Voltaire
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Name the Philosopher: English philosopher and physician who is considered to be the father of Liberalism, the idea that politics are founded on liberty and equality.
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Voltaire
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Name the Philosopher: French philosopher and writer who believed good governments must protect the rights of individual freedoms. Also, a direct democracy will ensure individual rights will be protected. Was instrumental in the French Revolution and a forerunner in modern political and educational philosophy.
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Voltaire
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
What are our three (3) Natural Rights that John Locke believed we all have? Click all that apply
Liberty
Religion
Property
Life
Wealth
Match the Thinker to their Contribution
John Locke
Life, liberty, & property
Charles de Montesquieu
Separation of Powers
William Blackstone
Commentaries on the Laws
Rousseau
The Social Contract
The absence of government, not having and following laws, or respecting others life and property is called what?
State of Nature
Natural Rights
Social Contract Theory
Who argued that government should be based on the general will of the people?
John Locke
Montesquieu
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
James Madison
