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Phy Y10Y11 C24 Astrophysics Earth, Gravity & the Solar System

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 1hrs 4mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The explosion that sent the universe flying out is called _____.

a)

The Big Bang

b)

The Milky Way

c)

The Solar System

d)

The Sun

2.

Since the Big Bang, and even today, the universe is still _____.

a)

Expanding

b)

Shrinking

c)

Cooking

d)

Spinning

3.

As galaxies move away from our galaxy

a shift on the electromagnetic spectrum

(EMS) is noticed. This phenomena is

called _____________.

a)

redshift

b)

blueshift

c)

unshift

d)

blackshift

4.
Which of the following best describes a galaxy? A galaxy is –
a)

the ending of the life cycle of all super massive stars in the universe.

b)

a massive system of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter bound together by gravity.

c)

a visible body of liquid or frozen crystal droplets suspended above a planetary surface.

d)

the visible path of a meteoroid as it enters Earth’s atmosphere.

5.
What is a supernova?
a)

A formation of a galaxy

b)

An explosion of a huge star

c)

The outer portion of a black hole

d)

A type of star

6.

When a Red Giant runs out of fuel, it become a:

a)

Supernova

b)

Nebula

c)

White Dwarf

d)

Main Sequence Star

7.

What is a protostar?

a)

A star that has died

b)

A smaller than average star

c)

A big, blue star that is on the main sequence of the HR diagram

d)

A contracting mass of gas which represents an early stage in the formation of a star

8.

What is a red giant?

a)

It is what happens when a star begins fusing helium into carbon.

b)

It is a star on the main sequence of the HR diagram.

c)

It is a star that has died and is no longer fusing any material.

9.

A neutron star is

a)

The end phase of a massive star.

b)

A star made up of only protons.

c)

The type of star you have before it turns into a black hole.

10.
Once a star uses up all of its _________, the star will begin to go into its death phase.
a)

light

b)

heat

c)

energy

d)

hydrogen

11.
What determines if a star becomes a giant or a supergiant?
a)

star size

b)

star temperature

c)

star color

d)

star luminosity

12.

When a star is in the main sequence, what can be said about the forces acting inside the star?

a)

The outward pressure is greater than the gravitational pull.

b)

The gravitational pull is greater than the pressure from the fusion reactions.

c)

All the forces acting on the star are unbalanced.

d)

The inward gravitational attraction is equal to the outward pressure from the fusion reactions.

13.

How might it be noticeable that a star is now fusing helium rather than hydrogen atoms?

a)

The star cools and becomes a white dwarf.

b)

The star shrinks then expands to form a red giant.

c)

A black hole is created.

d)

The star stops glowing.

14.

Which of the following describes how a star much greater in mass than the Sun might end its life?

a)

It will cool and collapse, forming a white dwarf.

b)

It will cool and become a neutron star.

c)

It will cool and become a supergiant which will then explode into a supernova, leaving a black hole.

d)

It will remain stable for too long for us to know what might happen.

15.

A large ensemble of stars, all interacting through the gravitational force and orbiting around a common center is called

a)

Constellation

b)

Galaxy

c)

Star cluster

d)

Star show

16.
How long does it take to the Earth to do the ROTATION MOVEMENT?
a)

365 days

b)

24 hours

c)

24 hours + 6 hours

d)

28 days

17.
What is the Moon?
a)

It is a planet

b)

It is a satellite

c)

It is a star

d)

It is a comet

18.
What is the Sun?
a)

It is a satellite

b)

It is a Star

c)

It is a comet

d)

It is a planet

19.
What is Pluto?
a)

An asteroid

b)

A planet

c)

A dwarf planet

d)

It doesn't exist

20.

What´s the red planet ?

a)

Mars

b)

Saturn

c)

Venus

21.

what is the planet ?

a)

Uranus

b)

Venus

c)

Saturn

22.

What is the position of the earth in the solar system?

a)

The first

b)

The second

c)

The third

d)

The last

23.

The moon is the satellite of...

a)

Mercury

b)

Earth

c)

Venus

d)

Mars

24.

Mercury is the smallest planet in the Solar System.

a)

True

b)

False

25.

Earth is colder than Mars.

a)

True

b)

False

26.
What is the name our galaxy?
a)

Andromeda

b)

Orion

c)

The Rosy Way

d)

The Milky Way

27.
Which planet is the largest?
a)

Jupiter

b)

Saturn

c)

Uranus

d)

Neptune

28.

Which planet in the Solar System is the hottest?

a)

Mars

b)

Venus

c)

Saturn

d)

Earth

29.
The inner planets are closer to the sun so
a)

they take longer to orbit the sun.

b)

they orbit the sun faster.

30.

Inner Planets- select all that apply

a)

dense core

b)

rocky

c)

few moons

d)

thin atmosphere

e)

smaller than outer planets

31.
The order of the planets is:
a)

Mars,Venus,Earth, Mercury,Saturn Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune

b)

Earth,Venus,Mars Jupiter, Neptune, Mercury,Saturn, Uranus

c)

Mercury,Venus,Earth Mars,Jupiter, Saturn,Uranus Neptune

d)

Mercury, Earth, Venus, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus

32.

Outer Planets- select all that apply

a)

small inner cores

b)

larger

c)

gaseous

d)

many moons

e)

temperatures are colder than inner planets

33.

Which planet has a big red spot?

a)

Mars

b)

Jupiter

c)

Earth

d)

Saturn

34.

Which planet has surface temperatures

closest to Earth's?

a)

Venus

b)

Mars

c)

Neptune

d)

Mercury

35.

Which planet is Earth's “sister” planet?

a)

Mercury

b)

Venus 

c)

Earth

d)

Mars

36.

Which Planet is shown?

a)

Neptune

b)

Uranus

c)

Mercury

d)

Earth

37.

Which planet is shown?

a)

Neptune

b)

Uranus

c)

Jupiter

d)

Venus

38.

Which of the following are caused by gravity? (check all that apply)

a)

tides

b)

craters

c)

planetary orbits

d)

eclipses

39.

The more massive an object, the (a)   its gravitational pull.

40.

True or false: objects have more gravity when they are farther apart.

a)

True

b)

False

41.

Why does the Moon revolve around the Earth and not the Sun?

4 lines
42.

The Moon revolves around the Earth and (a)   on its own axis.

43.

Which planet orbits the Sun fastest?

a)

Mars

b)

Neptune

c)

Mercury

d)

Jupiter

44.

Which planet orbits the Sun slowest?

a)

Mars

b)

Neptune

c)

Mercury

d)

Jupiter

45.

Neap tides occur when the Sun, Moon, & Earth form a _________________.

a)

circle

b)

right angle

c)

ellipse

d)

straight line

46.

What causes spring tides?

a)

the spring season

b)

when the Sun is in between the Moon & Earth

c)

when the Earth, Moon, & Sun form an acute angle

d)

when the Earth, Moon, & Sun form a straight line

47.

What do you think would happen if Earth collided with a huge meteor?

4 lines
48.
As mass increases, gravity ________________.
a)

Increases 

b)

Decreases 

c)

Stays the same 

49.

Based on the table, which planet in our solar system will have the fastest orbital speed?

a)

Venus

b)

Earth

c)

Saturn

d)

Mercury

50.

According to Kepler’s discoveries, planets orbit around the Sun:

a)

in a figure 8.

b)

in perfect circles.

c)

in an ellipse.

d)

in a rectangular shape.

51.
What shape are the orbits of all planets in our solar system? 
a)

circular

b)

cylindrical 

c)

elliptical

d)

none of these

52.

Where is the planet moving faster?

a)

around segment A

b)

around segment B

c)

around either segment - the speed doesn't change

d)

impossible to know

53.

The orbital path of a satellite is shown in the sketch. Use the sketch to answer the question.


In which of the positions A through D does the satellite have the least speed ?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

54.

A planet moves __________ when it is farthest from the Sun.

a)

faster

b)

slower

55.

Where is the planet moving fastest?

a)

Position A to B

b)

Position B to C

c)

Position H to I

d)

Position I to J

56.

The table shows orbital radius (R) and period (T). Which ratio is constant for these planets?

a)

RT\frac{R}{T}

b)

R2T\frac{R^2}{T}

c)

R2T2\frac{R^2}{T^2}

d)

R3T2\frac{R^3}{T^2}

57.

The hot, dense center of a collapsing gas cloud (before a star forms) is called a ____.

a)

prestar

b)

priorstar

c)

protostar

d)

protonstar

58.

In the core of a star, Hydrogen atoms join to form Helium and energy in a process called thermonuclear _______.

a)

fishin'

b)

fission

c)

bombardment

d)

fusion

59.

Star formation begins in a ______.

a)

nebula

b)

nimbus

c)

nova

d)

nodule

60.

Reorder the following from the beginning of the stellar formation to the end.

a)

nebula

b)

protostar

c)

star

d)

planetary system

1)
2)
3)
4)
61.

Stars are swirling balls made up of...

a)

fire and ash.

b)

plasma and liquid.

c)

gas and dust.

d)

fire and plasma.

62.

A collection of gas and dust that can form a star is called a...

a)

Stellar Nebula.

b)

Planetary Nebula.

c)

Globular Cluster.

d)

Stellar Nursery.

63.
How do stars form?
a)
through the sun
b)
when nebula collapses and nuclear fusion occurs
c)
through supernova
d)
Magic
64.
What is the primary element that stars fuse early in their life cycle?
a)
Helium
b)
Dust
c)
Hydrogen
d)
Iron
65.
Which of the following would be classified as the beginning of star formation?
a)

red dwarf

b)

main sequence

c)

protostar

d)

white dwarf

66.
What is the first stage of the life cycle of a star for all stars?
a)

nebula

b)

protostar

c)

main-sequence

d)

red giant

67.
This is a young star that glows as gravity brings it together
a)

Nebula

b)

Protostar

c)

Main-sequence star

d)

Red giant

68.
Gravity pulls gases and dust particles in space toward one another, squeezing them into a smaller and smaller space. The temperature at the center rises high enough for nuclear fusion of hydrogen to begin.
What stage in a stars life cycle is this describing? 
a)

The birth of a star

b)

The death of a star

c)

Black Hole

d)

Stellar Nebula

69.
In the death of a large mass star gravitational collapse is so complete that no energy or matter can escape. This is called a... 
a)

Neutron Star

b)

Black Hole

c)

Black Dwarf

d)

Supernova

70.
______ is a force that causes dust particles to stick together in a nebula.
a)

nuclear fusion

b)

gravity

c)

hydrogen

d)

friction

71.

The formula above can be used to calculate the orbital velocity v of any object. It can be re-arranged to find the radius of the orbit.


Which of the following has been correctly re-arranged?

a)
b)
c)
d)
72.

The Earth orbits the Sun in 1 year, which is 3.2 x 107 seconds. The radius of the Earth's orbit is about 150 million kilometres. What is the orbital velocity of the Earth?

a)

4.6 x 103 m/s

b)

29 m/s

c)

4.6 m/s

d)

2.9 x 104 m/s

73.

The radius of the Earth's orbit is about 150 million kilometres. In standard form, and given in metres, this is...

a)

1.5 x 108 m

b)

1.5 x 1010 m

c)

1.5 x 1011 m

d)

1.5 x 1012 m

74.
What best describes the doppler effect?
a)

An apparent change in frequency of a wave due to the relative motion between a wave source and an observer

b)

When sound changes pitch

c)

When light changes color

d)

An apparent change in the amplitude of a wave due to the relative motion between a wave source and an observer.

75.
If a star is being observed from Earth and it's light has shifted towards the blue side of the electromagnetic spectrum it would be...
a)

Moving towards the Earth

b)

Moving away from the Earth

c)

This is a trick question that cannot be answered

d)

It isn't a star, it is a very large blueberry.

76.
Use the image to identify the motion of the object relative to Earth.  Compare the absorption spectra of the star to what the star would look like if it were not moving at all relative to Earth.
a)

It is not moving

b)

It is moving away from Earth (Redshift)

c)

It is moving towards Earth (Blueshift)

d)

It is moving towards Earth (Redshift)

77.
Use the image to identify the motion of the object relative to Earth.  Compare the absorption spectra of the star to what the star would look like if it were not moving at all relative to Earth.
a)

It is not moving relative to Earth

b)

It is moving away from Earth (Redshift)

c)

It is moving towards Earth (Blueshift)

d)

It is moving towards Earth (Redshift)

78.
Use the image to identify the motion of the object relative to Earth.  Compare the absorption spectra of the star to what the star would look like if it were not moving at all relative to Earth.
a)

It is not moving relative to Earth

b)

It is moving away from Earth (Redshift)

c)

It is moving towards Earth (Blueshift)

d)

It is moving towards Earth (Redshift)

79.
The point in Earth's orbit when it is closest to the sun is called the
a)

Aphelion

b)

perihelion

c)

maximum ellipse

d)

minimum elipse

80.
The point in the Earth's orbit when it is furthest from the sun is called 
a)

aphelion

b)

perihelion

c)

minimum ellipse

d)

maximum ellipse

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