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B3 Q1 review

Total questions: 20

Worksheet time: 13mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following pairs is NOT an example of homoplasy?
a)
Bat wing and bird wing
b)
Owl wing and hornet wing
c)
Bones in the bat wing and bones in the human forelimb
d)
Eyelessness in the Australian mole and eyelessness in the north American mole
2.
What type of information should be written on the nodes labeled A and hash lines B in the cladogram in Figure 3?
a)
A- Taxa ; B- common ancestors
b)
A- Taxa ; B - derived characteristics
c)
A- derived characteristics; B - Taxa
d)
A- derived characteristics; B- common ancestors
3.
Which position in Figure 4 can we find the common ancestor for both species A and D ?
a)
Position 1
b)
Position 2
c)
Position 3
d)
Position 4
4.
Which of the following characteristics is associated with the growth in genome size over evolutionary time?
a)
paralogous genes
b)
orthologous genes
5.
If you want to place species on the same phylogenetic tree that are not closely related and that do not share many anatomical similarities, which of the following genetic materials can you use to compare them?
a)
Plasmids
b)
Mitochondrial genomes
c)
Homologous genes that are highly conserved
d)
Homologous genes that are poorly conserved
6.

According to this cladogram, oystercatchers are more closely related to flamingos than to penguins. Which of the following statements provides the BEST justification for this relationship?

a)
Oystercatchers share a common ancestor with flamingos but not with penguins.
b)
Oystercatchers share a more recent common ancestor with flamingos than with penguins.
c)
Both oystercatchers and flamingos are less closely related to the outgroup than penguins are.
d)
The branch of the cladogram with oystercatchers is closer to the branch with flamingos than to the branch with penguins.
7.
In applying parsimony in constructing a phylogenetic tree we choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes, in either DNA sequences or morphology in relation to a tested model.
a)
True
b)
False
8.
UPGMA is a character-based inference method.
a)
True
b)
False
9.
Which of the following statements is the assumption in making a molecular clock?
a)
Mutations in DNA accumulate at roughly a constant rate.
b)
Prokaryotes are more easily classified than eukaryotes.
c)
Matings are random in this population.
d)
Molecules are stable for long times.
10.

What is the typical unit that we use when describing estimates of evolutionary rate?

a)

mutations/site

b)

substitutions/site/year

c)

substitutions/site

d)

mutations/site/year

11.
What kind of data was used in assigning prokaryotes into two different groups rather than assigning all prokaryotes to a single kingdom?
a)
molecular
b)
behavioral
c)
nutritional
d)
anatomical
12.

Which is responsible for the substantial movements of genes observed between organisms in the different domains?

a)

horizontal gene transfer

b)

Inheritance

c)

random mutation

d)

convergent evolution

13.

Which of the following trees depicts a DIFFERENT evolutionary history from the other 2?

a)

b)

c)

14.

In the picture, which species is most closely related to fish?

a)

human

b)

Lizard

c)

human and lizard are equally related to fish

15.

If species A and B have very similar genes and proteins, what is probably TRUE?

a)

species A and B share a relatively recent common ancestor

b)

species A evolved independently of species B for a long period

c)

species A is younger than species B

d)

species A is older than species B

16.

Which of the following levels of classification would have organisms that had the most in common?

a)

Phylum

b)

Family

c)

Order

d)

Kingdom

17.

What types of characters are used to infer phylogenies?

a)

Ancestral homologies

b)

Shared derived homologies

c)

Homoplasies

18.

Which of these is a general description of a polyphyletic group?

a)

This is a term that is no longer applicable (it is out of date).

b)

Encompasses many descendants from the same ancestor.

c)

Encompasses descendants from unrelated ancestors.

19.

What is parsimony?

a)

Favors development with least number of evolutionary changes

b)

The group to which parsnips and carrots belongs.

c)

A pseudo-clade.

20.

The difference in gene X in five species is summarized in the table below. Which cladogram will represent the table?

a)

b)

c)

d)

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