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Earth Science Review - Dufour

Total questions: 63

Worksheet time: 1hrs 18mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What can a scientist learn from studying the relationship between fossils?

a)

how paleontology has changed has changed

b)

how life has changed

c)

how science has changed

d)

how the geologic column

2.

The diagram below shows a geologic cross section. Which rock layer most likely contains fossils of the most recently evolved organisms?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

3.

Which of the following is TRUE about when mountains have developed on Earth?

a)

All mountains on Earth today were present when Earth formed.

b)

Mountains developed for a while after Earth first formed, but no new mountains are developing today.

c)

Mountains have only occasionally developed since Earth formed.

d)

Mountains have been developing continuously since Earth formed, and mountains are still developing today.

4.

How are volcanoes formed?

a)

spin of Earth

b)

L-waves traveling through Earth

c)

shock waves from movements in Earth's crust

d)

magma pushes up through Earth's crust

5.

Match the diagram with the type of plate movement that would most likely cause earthquakes.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

6.

What plate motion is happening at point A?

a)

A convergent boundary where two plates collide.

b)

A divergent boundary where two plates pull apart.

c)

A transform boundary where two plates slide past each other.

d)

Not enough information is given to be able to identify the plate motion.

7.

The diagram shows several rock layers in an area. A scientist claims that an intrusion of magma (layer Y) formed before layer X. Which statement supports the scientists claim?

a)

Layer X crosses over Layers W, Z, and Y.

b)

Layer Y is larger in area than rock Layer Z.

c)

Layer Z is parallel to Layer X, which was deposited before Layer Y.

d)

Layer Y is partly covered by Layer X.

8.

A (a)   boundary can be found at the mid ocean ridge

9.

Earth's tectonic plates have pressed together for many millions of years in several locations. What happened if they pressed together in a place where oceanic plate material meets continental plate material?

a)

The continental plate material was pushed downward.

b)

The oceanic plate material was pushed downward.

c)

The plates were not able to move while they were pressing together, and no plate material was pushed upward.

d)

The edges of the plates were not pushed upward but they were broken into small pieces.

10.

Based on the diagram below, which letter indicates a place where new plate material is forming?

a)

At the boundary of the continent and ocean basin.

b)

In the middle of the ocean basin.

c)

At the boundary where the two plates are pulling apart.

d)

No new plate materials is forming anywhere show in the diagram.

11.

Which of the following choices did Wegener give as evidence for continental drift? (select all that apply)

a)

sea-floor spreading

b)

mid-ocean ridge

c)

glacial evidence

d)

rock sequence

e)

fit of continents

12.

Use the diagram to select the one true statement about the rock layers.

a)

A occurred after D

b)

C is younger that B

c)

C occurred before D

d)

A is older than B

13.

According to the diagram, which rock layer is probably the oldest?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

14.

What type of rock are the fossils most commonly found in?

a)

Metamorphic

b)

Igneous

c)

Sedimentary

d)

Bacon pancakes

15.

The process that causes earth mantle to move in a circular motion is_____

a)

Conduction

b)

Convection

c)

Radiation

16.

The process of continents slowly moving due to convection is called.

a)

Continental Drift

b)

Continental Slide

c)

Wegenernomics

d)

Ocean Floor Spreading

17.

Ocean floor is younger, closer to _____

a)

The edge of continents

b)

The mid ocean ridge

c)

Boundary

d)

Northern part of ocean

18.

Which layer is the most dense layer of the earth?

a)

mantle

b)

crust

c)

inner core

d)

outer core

19.

What do you know about the index fossil found in each of the following outcrops?

a)

they are found in the same layer of rock

b)

they are abundant

c)

they are the same age

d)

all of the above

20.

What is the youngest item in the image?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

21.

Volcanic activity is most likely to be found at which type of plate boundary?

a)

transform

b)

convergent

c)

divergent

d)

transvergent

22.

Which layer of the earth flows with convection currents allowing the plates on top of it to move?

a)

asthenosphere

b)

lithosphere

c)

atmosphere

d)

hemisphere

23.
The type of plate boundary where two plates come together is a .....
a)
Convergent Boundary
b)
Divergent Boundary
c)
Transform Boundary
d)
Plate Boundary
24.
What type of event will occur at this boundary?
a)
Earthquake
b)
Volcano Eruption
c)
Tornado
d)
Mountain Building
25.
The theory that says Earth's continents once made up an ancient supercontinent, and have been drifting apart ever since, is called the theory of...
a)
Pangea
b)
Plate Tectonics
c)
Natural Selection
d)
Gravity
26.
Where would the oldest rock be found?
a)
L
b)
M
c)
N
d)
O
27.
How is it possible for new crust to be formed without increasing the surface area of the Earth?
a)
Crust is destroyed at the same time it is created
b)
New crust is underwater where it sinks
c)
New crust breaks more easily than old crust
28.
What is weathering?
a)
The process by which
water, ice, wind or gravity
moves fragments of rock
and soil.
b)
The process by which
water, ice, wind or gravity
deposit rock sediments
and soil in a new place.
c)
The breaking down of
Earth’s crust into smaller
and smaller pieces.
29.
The diagrams  shows a natural process that weathers rock.
 Which statement best explains why this process results in weathering?
a)
frozen water acts as a solute
b)
water expands when it freezes
c)
the mass of water increases when it freezes
d)
frozen water dissolves most types of rock
30.

Where is heat and pressure the greatest in the Earth?

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

31.

How have scientists been able to infer the internal structure of Earth without being able to directly observe inside the Earth?

a)

Scientists analyze how earthquake waves move throught Earth's interior.

b)

Scientists use satellite radar and sonar technologies to map Earth's internal layers.

c)

Scientists make educated guesses about Earth's internal structure based on previous hypothesis.

d)

Scientists study different types of rocks from many different locations on Earth's surface.

32.

Violent collisions of planetesimals ("baby planets") during the formation of the planet generated a significant amount of earth's internal heat.

a)

true

b)

false

33.

Which layer of the earth is the least dense layer?

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

34.

The layers of the earth forming according to their density is known as:

a)

density columns

b)

layered earth theory

c)

planetary differentiation

d)

I can't think of another misleading option

35.

Fossils are commonly preserved in what type of rock?

a)

Igneous

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Sedimentary

d)

Punk

36.

What parts of organisms are typically fossilized?

a)

the skin

b)

the expression on their face

c)

hard parts--like bones and shells

37.

Everything that has ever lived has been fossilized

a)

True

b)

False

38.

Which of these choices is a trace fossil?

a)

Animal tracks

b)

Shells

c)

bones

d)

insect in amber

39.

A supervolcano erupting and covering the country in ash would be an example of:

a)

catastrophism

b)

uniformitarianism

40.

The creation of the Grand Canyon is an example of:

a)

catastrophism

b)

uniformitarianism

41.

How do most changes on Earth occur?

a)

Gradually

b)

Suddenly

42.
Which of these describes a species that has become extinct?
a)
fewer members of the species are dying than being born
b)
more members of the species are dying than being born
c)
very few members of a species are alive
d)
all members of a species have died
43.

What is a mass extinction?

a)

When life is not affected by an event

b)

When multiple species from all over the earth suddenly go extinct

c)

When one species goes extinct due to habitat changes

d)

When all life on earth is wiped out

44.

What is the Geologic Time Scale?

a)

old geologists

b)

sweet geology music

c)

Earth's history divided by major events and changes on Earth

d)

a list of every living thing ever

45.
Paleozoic, Mesozoic & Cenozoic are all
a)
Epochs
b)
Eras
c)
Periods
d)
Eons
46.

What type of event usually marks the end of an Era

a)

A Mass Extinction

b)

High School graduation

c)

An earthquake

d)

A Volcanic Eruption

47.

Preserved remains of plants and animals from the remote past are called?

a)

Sedimentary rocks

b)

Radioactive dating

c)

Decayed organisms

d)

Fossils

48.

The Law of Superposition states

a)

Younger rocks layers are on top of older rock layers

b)

Fossils are found in sedimentary rocks

c)

Older rock layers are on top of younger rock layers

d)

Absolute age dating

49.

Use relative age dating to put the rock layers in correct order from oldest to youngest.

a)

B, D, A, E, C

b)

C, E, D, A, B

c)

A, C, E, D, B

d)

C, E, D, B, A

50.

Which is the youngest rock layer?

a)

Siltstone

b)

Conglomerate

c)

Mudstone

d)

Limestone

51.

Which of the fossils is the oldest?

a)

Dinosaur

b)

Bird

c)

Shell

d)

Ammonite

52.
Which period are we currently in?
a)
Quaternary
b)
Holocene
c)
Jurassic
d)
Tertiary
53.

Approximately how old is the Earth?

a)

250 million years

b)

4 billion years

c)

1.5 billion years

d)

4.6 billion years

54.

The state of no longer existing

a)

Sedimentary layers

b)

Fossils

c)

Diversity

d)

Extinction

55.

An animal has sharp, pointy teeth, what can we infer about this animal?

a)

The animal lived in the water

b)

The animal lived near the beach.

c)

The animal is a carnivore.

d)

The animal only ate plants.

56.

If a scientist found a fish fossil in the desert, what can they infer?

a)

An animal ate the fish.

b)

The water covered the area long ago.

c)

Today's fish looks the same

d)

The fish is endangered.

57.

What are the oldest fossils and why?

a)

B, C- because they are closest to the top

b)

A, B- because they are closest to the bottom

c)

They are all the same age- because they are all found on layer 2

d)

A, B- because they are found closest to the top

58.
_______________ is the long span of time that begins geologic time.
a)
Precambrian Time
b)
Cenozoic Time
59.

With ________ dating, a rock’s exact age can be determined, whereas with ________ dating, a rock’s age is compared to the ages of other rocks.

a)

absolute, relative

b)

relative, absolute

c)

true, absolute

d)

relative, approximate

60.

Which of the following is least likely to become fossilized?

a)

bones

b)

teeth

c)

skin

d)

shells

61.

What do earthquakes tell scientists about the history of the planet?

a)

Earth’s climate is constantly changing.

b)

The continents of Earth are continually moving.

c)

Dinosaurs became extinct about 65 million years ago.

d)

The oceans are much deeper today than millions years ago.

62.

The diagram shows layers of sedimentary rock. Assuming that this rock formation is undisturbed, What is the relative age of layer C?

a)

It is the youngest rock layer.

b)

It is the oldest rock layer.

c)

It is older than B and younger than D.

d)

It is younger than B and older than D.

63.

How do scientist know when a mass extinction took place?

a)

They find more fossils of plants.

b)

They find fossils of animals that died suddenly.

c)

They find a sudden disappearance of many fossil species.

d)

They find evidence of changes in Earth’s atmosphere.