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Advanced Biology - Chapter 7 Test

Total questions: 65

Worksheet time: 16hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Who invented the first microscope?

a)
Louis Pasteur
b)
Isaac Newton
c)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
d)
Robert Hooke
2.

When was the first microscope invented?

a)

mid 16th century

b)
mid 18th century
c)
early 17th century
d)
early 19th century
3.

What is a cell?

a)
A cell is a type of battery used to store electrical energy.
b)
A cell is a small room in a prison or confinement facility.
c)
A cell is a unit of a spreadsheet used to store data.
d)
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
4.

What happened in microscope history during the late 16th century?

a)
The microscope was only used by a select few scientists during this time period.
b)
The microscope was primarily used for astronomy during this time period.
c)

Anton van Leeuwenhoek designed a better microscope

d)
The microscope was not invented until the 17th century.
5.

What did Leeuwenhoek see after inventing his microscope?

a)
viruses
b)
cells
c)

living organisms

d)
atoms
6.

Who discovered that all plants were made of cells?

a)
Robert Hooke
b)
Gregor Mendel
c)
Matthias Schleiden
d)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
7.

What did Theodor Schwann discover?

a)

The microscope

b)

All animals are composed of cells

c)

Atoms

d)

All plants are composed of cells

8.

Who discovered that all cells are produced from the division of existing cells?

a)
Rudolf Virchow
b)
Louis Pasteur
c)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
d)
Robert Hooke
9.

When did he discover this?

a)
Unknown
b)

1802

c)

1855

d)

1654

10.

What are the 3 principles of cell theory? (Select all that apply)

a)

Cells arise from pre-existing cells

b)

The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.

c)

All living organisms are composed of two or more cells.

d)

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

e)

Cells arise from non-living matter.

11.

What is an optical microscope?

a)
An optical microscope is a type of microscope that uses X-rays to magnify small objects.
b)
An optical microscope is a type of microscope that uses sound waves to magnify small objects.
c)
An optical microscope is a type of microscope that uses magnetic fields to magnify small objects.
d)
An optical microscope is a type of microscope that uses visible light and a system of lenses to magnify small objects.
12.

What are the 2 types of optical microscopes?

a)

electron and scanning probe

b)

inverted and confocal

c)

polarizing and fluorescence

d)

compound and disection

13.

What is the limit of optical microscopes?

a)

1,000x

b)

100x

c)

500,000x

d)

20x

14.

True or False: When using optical microscopes, scientists typically only look at living organisms

a)

True

b)

False

15.

Who invented the electron microscope?

a)
Robert Hooke
b)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
c)
Albert Einstein
d)

Ernst Ruska

16.

When was the electron microscope invented?

a)

early 1920s

b)

mid 1980s

c)

early 1930s

d)

late 1950s

17.

What are the 2 types of electron microscopes?

a)
TEM and REM
b)
TEM and SEM
c)
SEM and XEM
d)
XEM and REM
18.

Since a transmission electron microscope doesn't use lenses, what does it use to aim beams of electrons?

a)
electric fields
b)

magnets

c)
optical lenses
d)
magnetic fields
19.

Why is it called a transmission electron microscope?

a)

it uses a beam of electrons to transmit through the specimen and create an image.

b)

it uses a beam of neutrons to transmit through the specimen and create an image.

c)

it uses a beam of protons to transmit through the specimen and create an image.

d)

it uses a beam of light to transmit through the specimen and create an image.

20.

True or False: Thin parts of a specimen absorb more electrons than a thick part

a)

True

b)

False

21.

What is the max magnification of a TEM?

a)

35,689,643x

b)

450,000x

c)

500,000x

d)

100,000,000x

22.

Select all that apply: What has has to be done to a specimen in order for it to be seen through a TEM?

a)

Sliced very thin

b)

Alive

c)

Stained with heavy metals

d)

Dead

e)

Be with another organism/substance

23.

The scanning electron microscope creates a __ ____ of a substance

a)

3D image

b)

mask

c)

picture

d)

model

24.

True or False: For an SEM to be able to observe a substance, it has to be nonliving.

a)

True

b)

False

25.

True or False: Cells do not come in various shapes and sizes.

a)

True

b)

False

26.

All cells have a...

(a)  

27.

What does the plasma membrane do?

a)
Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell
b)
Provides structural support to the cell
c)
Produces energy for the cell
d)
Stores genetic information
28.

Select all that apply: All cells have these in common...

a)

must acquire energy

b)

requires energy to function

c)

has nucleic acids that regulate genetic materials

d)

needs H2O to function

e)

has a cell membrane

29.

There are _ basic cell types

a)

3

b)

8

c)

2

d)

4

30.

What are the 2 types of cells?

a)

Small

b)

Eukaryotic

c)

Monomers

d)

Large

e)

Prokaryotic

31.

Select the attributes of prokaryotes

a)

Very small

b)

able to move on their own

c)

Ancient

d)

Lack organelle

32.

Select the attributes of eukaryotes.

a)

Still very small, yet larger than prokaryotes

b)

Newer cells

c)

have organelle

d)

Cannot be seen through a TEM

33.

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by __________

a)
cell wall
b)

membranes

c)
cytoplasm
d)
vacuole
34.

The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material in the form of ________

a)
Proteins
b)

RNA

c)
Carbohydrates
d)

DNA

35.

Prokaryotic cells are more ______ that eukaryotes

a)

simple

b)

complex

36.

Prokaryotes do not have:

(a)  

37.

True or False: Many scientists believe that prokaryotes are similar to the first organisms that lived on earth.

a)

True

b)

False

38.

Most of the molecules in the cell membrane are...

a)
nucleic acids
b)
carbohydrates
c)

lipids

d)
proteins
39.

Lipids are large molecules that are composed of...

a)
fatty acids and glycerol
b)
water and minerals
c)
carbohydrates and proteins
d)
amino acids and nucleotides
40.

If a phosphate group replaces one of the fatty acid tails on a glycerol, a ___________ forms

a)
lipid
b)
carbohydrate
c)
protein
d)
phospholipid
41.

True or False: A plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer

a)

True

b)

False

42.

The polar head of a phospholipid is ________

a)
hydrophilic
b)
water-repellent
c)
lipophilic
d)
hydrophobic
43.

The the 2 fatty acid tails of a phospholipid are ________

a)
hydrophilic
b)
water-repellent
c)
lipophilic
d)
hydrophobic
44.

True of False: Water-soluble substances pass through cell membranes easily

a)

True

b)

False

45.

Select all that apply: Moving with and among the phospholipids in the plasma membrane are ________, _________, and _________

a)

enzymes

b)

carbohydrates

c)

sugars

d)

cholesteral

e)

proteins

46.

Proteins called _______ that are located on the outside of the cell membrane, transmit signals to the inside of the cell

a)
lipids
b)
receptors
c)
enzymes
d)
hormones
47.

What do transport proteins do?

a)
Transport proteins help in cell division.
b)

Transport proteins move molecules through cell membranes.

c)
Transport proteins produce energy for the cell.
d)
Transport proteins regulate gene expression.
48.

True or False: Nonpolar cholesterol is ______ by water and positioned among the phospholipids.

a)

attracted

b)

repelled

c)

partially dissolved

d)

hydrophilic

49.

What does cholesterol help do?

a)

Keeps the fatty acids from sticking together.

b)

Makes red blood cells.

c)

Transports oxygen in the body.

d)

Digests carbohydrates.

50.

True of False: Carbohydrates do not contribute to the characteristics of the cell.

a)

True

b)

False

51.

True or False: All prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane.

a)

True

b)

False

52.

All plasma membranes are ________ ________

a)
selectively permeable
b)
completely permeable
c)
partially permeable
d)
impermeable
53.

What is selective permeability?

a)
Property of a membrane that allows only water to pass through.
b)
Property of a membrane that allows certain substances to pass through while restricting the passage of others.
c)
Property of a membrane that allows all substances to pass through.
d)
Property of a membrane that allows substances to pass through randomly.
54.

Passive transport...

a)

requires no additional energy

b)

requires energy

c)

requires no energy

55.

Diffusion is the...

a)
process of molecules staying in the same location
b)
process of molecules moving from one location to another
c)
process of molecules moving from lower to higher concentration
d)

process of molecules moving from higher to lower concentration until equilibrium

56.

What is the definition of facilitated diffusion?

a)
Molecules moving across a cell membrane without the help of transport proteins.
b)
Molecules moving across a cell membrane with the help of transport proteins.
c)
Molecules moving across a cell membrane through active transport.
d)
Molecules moving across a cell membrane through osmosis.
57.

What is osmosis?

a)

The movement of water across the membrane towards the side with more stuff

b)
The movement of solvent molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration without a semipermeable membrane.
c)
The movement of solute molecules from an area of lower solvent concentration to an area of higher solvent concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
d)
The movement of solvent molecules from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
58.

What would happen to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

a)
The cell would remain the same size.
b)
The cell would shrink and potentially collapse.
c)
The cell would divide into two smaller cells.
d)
The cell would swell and potentially burst.
59.

What would happen to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

a)
The cell would shrink or shrivel.
b)
The cell would divide into two smaller cells.
c)
The cell would expand or enlarge.
d)
The cell would remain the same size.
60.

What would happen to a cell in an isotonic solution?

a)
The cell would divide into two smaller cells.
b)
The cell would maintain its normal shape and size.
c)
The cell would shrink and lose water.
d)
The cell would expand and burst.
61.

What is passive transport?

a)
Active transport
b)
Facilitated diffusion
c)
Endocytosis
d)
Biological process that allows substances to move across a cell membrane without the use of energy
62.

What is active transport?

a)
The movement of molecules across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring the use of energy and specific transport proteins.
b)
The movement of molecules across a cell membrane with their concentration gradient, without the use of energy or transport proteins.
c)
The movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy or transport proteins.
d)
The movement of molecules across a cell membrane with their concentration gradient, requiring the use of energy and specific transport proteins.
63.

What is endocytosis?

a)
Endocytosis is a process that occurs only in plant cells.
b)
Endocytosis is a process that occurs only in animal cells.
c)
Endocytosis is a cellular process by which substances are released from the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle formed from the cell membrane.
d)

when substances are brought into the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle formed from the cell membrane.

64.

What is exocytosis?

a)
Exocytosis is the process of vesicles fusing with the cell membrane and releasing their contents inside the cell.
b)
Exocytosis is the process of vesicles fusing with the cell membrane and releasing their contents into the nucleus.
c)
Exocytosis is the process of vesicles fusing with the cell membrane and releasing their contents into the mitochondria.
d)

The secretion of materials at the cell membrane

65.

Describe the Na/K pump of the cell membrane

a)
The Na/K pump is a passive transport mechanism that allows sodium ions to enter the cell and potassium ions to exit the cell.
b)
The Na/K pump actively transports potassium ions out of the cell and sodium ions into the cell.
c)
The Na/K pump is responsible for transporting chloride ions out of the cell and sodium ions into the cell.
d)
The Na/K pump actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell.

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