The particle model theory describes important aspects of matter:

Brownian Motion:

“The random movement displayed by small particles that are suspended in fluids (liquids and gases)”

The kinetic theory of matter states that matter is made of tiny particles (i.e. atoms and molecules) and that they are always in constant motion.

Packed in a regular arrangement with very small spaces between the particles. High density

Particles are held together by relatively strong forces of attraction. So they move freely, yet still stay together

Have no fixed shape because particles move around rapidly with a lot of energy. It fills up the space it is in.

Can diffuse as the particles move freely

Particles vibrate in a fixed position with low energy

Cannot be compressed because of small spaces in between particles

Not very compressible

Particles are held together by weak forces of attraction. 

Particles spaced far apart with no arrangement. Low density

Matter can change its state depending on its temperature. 

Stronger forces between particles = lower melting and boiling points. 

The amount of energy needed to change state from solid to liquid (melting) or liquid to gas (boiling) increases as the strength of the forces between the particles increases in order to break or weaken them. 

Chlorine has a melting point of -101C and and a boiling point of -34C. At room temperature (25C), Chlorine is

Iron has a melting point of 1,548C and a boiling point of 2,862C. At room temperature Iron would be a

When the particles have enough energy, they break the strong forces between them and start moving freely.

What change of state occurs when a solid becomes a liquid?

What change of state occurs when a solid becomes a gas?

What is the name of the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid?

Matter can be classified as either a pure or impure (mixture) substance. 

Examples of pure substances are Gold and Water

A compound is a substance made up of two or more different chemical elements combined in a fixed ratio.

A mixture is an impure substance that contains 2 or more substances that have been mixed together, but have not chemically bonded with each other. 

A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture

Identify the mixture between the following options:

Identify the pure substance between the following options:

Identify the element between the following options:

The separation method where the liquid passes through the filter paper and is called the filtrate. 

Filtration requires the usage of a a filter paper

The method used to seaperate a mixture of liquids and soluble solids is known as

In crystallization, the solution is heated so the most of the solvent evaporates and leaves behind a saturated solution. 

During crystallization, the water evaporates into a gas and we are only able to collect the solid. To collect the liquid we have to use which technique

Distillation can be used to separate a liquid from a solution. It involves 3 steps: Evaporation, Condensation, Collection.

The main difference between crystallization and simple distillation is that you can collect both substances with distillation

You can separate a mixture of two or more liquids with different boiling points. 

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Which of the following can be separated by distillation?

Chromatography is used for separating mixtures of substances that are soluble in the same solvent. 

Can be used to separate mixtures of soluble substances.

Used to separate a solvent from a solution

Separating aa purple ink into its individual colors would be done via

Which separation technique utilizes heat at any stage of the method

You accidently mixed alcohol with distilled water and now you need to separate them… How do you do it?