Select for desired organisms through manipulation of medium and incubation conditions

(a)  

Technique using high frequency beams to get only (isolate) one cell; non-contact cell isolation.

(a)  

Select for desired organisms through manipulation of medium and incubation conditions

(a)  

The sample from which microorganisms will be isolated

(a)  

It can prove the presence of an organism in a habitat and cannot prove an organism does not inhabit an environment

(a)  

True or false:
The ability to isolate an organism from an environment says nothing about its ecological significance.

(a)  

It is an artificial microbial ecosystem that is first used in late 19th century to study soil microorganisms.

(a)  

He invented the Winogradsky Column.

(a)  

An artificial microbial ecosystem that serves as a long-term source of bacteria for enrichment cultures.

(a)  

It contains a single kind of microorganism. It can be obtained by streak plate, agar shake, or liquid dilution.

(a)  

It is a mixed culture diluted in molten agar. This is useful for purifying anaerobic organisms.

(a)  

Serial 10X dilutions of inocula in a liquid media.

(a)  

This method is used to estimate number of microorganisms in food, wastewater, and other samples.

(a)  

This method is used to estimate the concentration (number of organisms, bacteria, viruses, or colonies) of an unknown sample.

(a)  

Another term for pure culture.

(a)  

It can be verified by using microscopy, observation of colony characteristics, and tests of the culture for growth in other media.

(a)  

It is useful for isolating slow-growing bacteria from mixed cultures.

(a)  

It stains negatively charged molecules and structures such as nucleic acids and proteins.

(a)  

What is the outcome of basic stains?

(a)  

Specific dyes used in basic staining.

(a)  

It stain positively charged molecules and structures, such as proteins.

(a)  

What is the outcome of acidic staining?

(a)  

Specific dyes for acidic stains.

(a)  

It stains background, not the specimen.

(a)  

Outcome of negative staining.

(a)  

Specific dyes for negative stains

(a)  

This staining method uses DAPI and acridine orange (AO)

(a)  

It stains cells fluoresce bright blue.

(a)  

It stains cells fluoresce orange or greenish-orange

(a)  

This staining method is used for the enumeration of microorganisms in a sample. It is nonspecific and stains nucleic acids. However, it cannot differentiate live and dead cells.

(a)  

This staining method can differentiate between live and dead cells.

(a)  

This dye penetrates all cells.

(a)  

This dye penetrates only dead cells.

(a)  

It is a staining method that is based on integrity of cell membrane. It can also have issues with non specific staining in environmental samples.

(a)  

It is a highly specific staining method that can be used as a cell tag for a specific antibodies.

(a)  

It is a staining method that can be genetically engineered into cells to make them autofluorescent. It is used to track bacteria. It can also act as a reporter gene.

(a)  

TRUE OR FALSE:
The disadvantage of DFA is that making antibodies is time consuming and expensive.

(a)  

other term for green dye

(a)  

other term for red dye

(a)  

A DNA or RNA complimentary to a sequence in a target gene or RNA

(a)  

It uses fluorescent DNA probes to target specific chromosomal locations to generate unique patterns on individual chromosomes for karyotyping and phylogenetic analysis.

(a)  

Use cDNAs as probes

(a)  

Peroxidase is attached to the probe

Treat with tyramide after hybridization

Converted into a very reactive intermediate that binds to adjacent proteins and fluoresces

(a)  

It separates genes of the same size based on differences in base sequence

(a)  

In this method, denaturant is a mixture of urea and formamide. The strands melt at different denaturant concentrations.

(a)  

It uses gels with different gradient of the denaturant. It can also separate macromolecules.

(a)  

A molecular method that make copies/replicates specific DNA sample

(a)  

A step in PCR that breaks down hydrogen bonds, splitting strands duplicating.

(a)  

Step in PCR where primers bond to complementary strands

(a)  

A step in PCR where the polymerase synthesize the new (complementary) strand by adding (3) nucleotides. After the process, it can produce 2 copies of strands.

(a)  

A method that create identical copies of DNA to create specific dna fragment that will be inserted into a specific vector like plasmid.

(a)  

An assay for analysis for diversity determining the sequence of DNA

(a)  

In this method, the target gene is amplified by PCR using a primer set in which one of the primers is end-labeled with a fluorescent dye. Restriction enzymes are used to cut the PCR product

(a)  

It demonstrate that less than 0.5% of bacteria have been cultured

(a)  

It is a microarray that focus on phylogenetic members of microbial community. It also circumvents time-consuming steps of DGGE and T-RFLP

(a)  

A study of the genetic material derived from environmental sample. It clone and sequence the DNA. It also detect genes and yields picture of gene pool.

(a)  

It combines phylogeny with activity of cells

(a)  

An instrument that measure wide range of activity (electrical conductivity or salinity, pH, O2, CO2, etc.)

(a)  

It is used to study microbial transformations in nature

(a)  

A method where lighter isotope is incorporated preferentially over heavy isotope to indicate biotic processes.

(a)  

The isotopic composition of a material reveals its past biology (e.g., carbon in plants and petroleum).

(a)  

Relative abundance can be determined

(a)  

Links specific metabolic activity to diversity using a stable isotope.

(a)  

Microorganisms metabolizing stable isotope incorporate it into their DNA. For example, DNA with 13C can then be used to identify the organisms that metabolized the 13C-labelled substrates.

Also, SIP of RNA can be done instead of DNA.

(a)  

It can determine the trace nutrient uptakes of specific metabolic activity of microorganisms

(a)  

Differentiate serial dilution and MPN method.