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Fossil & Layering

Total questions: 61

Worksheet time: 4hrs 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Jimmy hears on the news that there had been a huge earthquake, but he didn't know the location of the earthquake. Based on the map below, what would be the most likely location for an earthquake?

a)

California

b)

Maryland

c)

Germany

d)

Nigeria

e)

Brazil

2.

Which of the following areas would be more likely to experience earthquakes?

a)

An area that is closest to tectonic plate boundaries.

b)

An area that can flood very easily.

3.

A scientist is examining a core sample and studying rock layers. Which rock layers are older?

a)

The layers on the bottom of the sample.

b)

The layers on the top of the sample.

4.

A scientist finds a fish fossil on the top of a mountain. What can the scientist infer from this evidence?

a)

The top of the mountain was once under a body of water and the water has receded over time.

b)

The fish once lived on the mountain before moving into the ocean.

c)

The fish was placed there by somebody.

5.

What is weathering?

a)

The breakdown of rocks over time.

b)

The movement of soil and rock over time.

c)

Soil, rock, or sand moves from one place and settles in another. The process of dropping sand, soil, or rock in a new location is called...

6.

What is erosion?

a)

The breakdown of rocks over time

b)

The movement of soil and rock over time

c)

Soil, rock, or sand moves from one place and settles in another. The process of dropping sand, soil, or rock in a new location is called...

7.

What is deposition?

a)

The breakdown of rocks over time

b)

The movement of soil and rock over time

c)

Soil, rock, and sand moves from one place and settles in another. The process of dropping sand, soil or rock in a new location is called...

8.

How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks?

a)

The freezing water keeps the rocks in place.

b)

The freezing water expands the cracks and breaks rocks.

c)

The freezing water makes the rocks last longer.

d)

The freezing water causes rocks to fall in landslides.

9.

Weathering and erosion are SLOW changes to the earth.

a)

True

b)

False

10.

Based on this image, what can we say about the area where these fossils were found?

a)

This area was underwater a long time ago.

b)

Mammals are the oldest fossils.

c)

Trilobites are the youngest fossils.

11.

a scientist who studies fossils

a)

geologic time

b)

plate tectonics

c)

Pangaea

d)

paleontologist

12.

the movement of weathered materials by water, wind or ice

a)

glacier

b)

erosion

c)

soil

d)

rock

13.

the remains or traces of an organism that lived long ago

a)

glacier

b)

erosion

c)

fossil

d)

rock

14.

The geologic map below shows several rock formations exposed when a road is cut through a hillside.


Which formation in this geological map is youngest?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

15.

Use this geologic profile to answer the following question.


Which of the following BEST describes the fossil at Point 3 when compared with the fossils at Points 1 and 2?

a)

The fossil at Point 3 is less common

b)

The fossil at Point 3 is smaller.

c)

The fossil at Point 3 is older.

d)

The fossil at Point 3 is more complex

16.

When two fish die, Fish A sinks to the bottom of a lake and Fish B washes up on the rocky lake shore.


Why is a fossil more likely to form from the body of Fish A than from the body of Fish B?

a)

Soft parts of the fish will decay more quickly in the water.

b)

Sediments in the water will quickly cover the fish

c)

Scavengers in the water will eat the remains of the fish.

d)

Currents in the water will move the fish.

17.

How do scientists know that some mountains were once at the bottom of an ocean?

a)

Freshwater rivers flow to the ocean.

b)

Saltwater fish are found in some mountain streams.

c)

Dinosaur bones have been discovered in the mountains.

d)

Marine fossils have been found on the peaks of some mountains.

18.
Which layer is oldest?
a)
A
b)
W
c)
G
d)
Z
19.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
20.
What is a fossil?
a)
the remains or physical evidence of an organism preserved by geologic processes
b)
fossils can be preserved in rock, amber, asphalt, or ice
c)
any naturally preserved evidence of animal activity
d)
fossil of an organism that lived during a relatively short period of time
21.
According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 
a)
At the top of the rock layers
b)
Near the bottom of the rock layers
c)
In the middle of the rock layers
d)
Somewhat near the surface
22.
Which rock layer contains the newest fossils?
a)
F
b)
E
c)
B
d)
C
23.
Most fossils form from animals or plants that once lived in or near _____________
a)
deserts
b)
ice tundras
c)
water
d)
forrests
24.
True or False...Fossils have been found all over Earth.
a)
True
b)
False
25.

Which of the following rock layers contains the youngest fossils?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

26.

MOM, can we go PLEASE?” Ryan begged as he was looking at the museum booklet for the new fossil exhibit.

“We have tickets for 3:00 today. Why don’t you eat some lunch and get ready to go?” Mom said.

Ryan raced to the kitchen and gobbled down some dinosaur shaped chicken nuggets. Soon it was time to leave for the History Museum. He was so excited to see all of the dinosaurs and fossils that were millions of years old.

When Ryan entered the door of the museum it was as if he was stepping back in time…


1. Ryan had learned that Earth's surface has changed over time. What evidence has been collected by scientists to support this theory?

a)

Ancient people left photographs of Earth's surface behind for scientists.

b)

Fossils have been found that give clues to what Earth's surface looked like many years ago.

c)

Paleontologists have studied Earth's surface in the past and present and see no changes

d)

We do not know what Earth's surface looked like long ago

27.

As Ryan and his mom walked through the museum the walls transformed into a model of the Grand Canyon. The layers were so many different shades of red and brown.

“This is AMAZING!” Ryan cried as he looked from the floor to the ceiling.


The story of the Grand Canyon is written in all of its beautiful rock layers. They were formed millions of years ago. Geologists study the layers to discover the history of the area.


Where are the oldest rocks of the Grand Canyon?

a)

At the top of the mountain

b)

Where the darker rocks are located

c)

At the bottom of the mountain near the river

d)

Where the lighter colored rocks are located

28.

Fossil evidence provides scientists with information about...

a)

how an environment has changed over time.

b)

rocks and minerals.

c)

where earthquakes occur.

d)

how mountains form.

29.

As Ryan began looking closely at the model layers of the Grand Canyon, he noticed what looked like animals in some of the rocks.

“MOM! LOOK! There are fossils in the rocks!” Ryan shouted.

“Shhhh, not so loud. Let’s see what we can learn about them,” mom whisperd.


Look at the picture of the fossils found in the layers Ryan saw.


Based on the evidence shown, what was the most likely environment of these organisms?

a)

The environment was most likely covered in rock.

b)

The environment was most likely cold and icy.

c)

The environment was most likely underwater.

d)

The environment was most likely dry and hot.

30.

The gradual breaking of rocks into smaller pieces is called...

a)

erosion

b)

weathering

c)

deposition

31.

Where would you expect a volcano to be located?

a)

in the middle of the continent

b)

at the edge of the continent

c)

near tectonic plate boundaries

32.

Take a look at the fossil evidence in the picture. What type of environment may these fossils have come from?

a)

Forest

b)

Desert

c)

Ocean

33.
Which of the following is an example of tree roots slowing down weathering, erosion, and deposition?
a)
Tree roots break large rocks near a river.
b)
Tree roots hold soil in place near a river.
c)
Tree roots get worn away by river water.
d)
Tree roots grow very quickly near a river.
34.

Locations of natural disasters like volcanoes and earthquakes can be described as...

a)

forming in a pattern

b)

forming randomly on Earth

c)

Only found in the ocean

d)

Only found in South America

35.

Volcanoes are...

a)

just as likely to happen in the middle of a continent as they are on the coast

b)

more likely to happen on the coast of a continent

c)

randomly popping up in all parts of the continents

d)

never found in the ocean

36.

You are designing a home that will be safe from a volcanic eruption. Which of the following would NOT be a sucess critera of your home?

a)

a roof that is steep and angled so that ash will fall off

b)

the home made out of a material that will not melt if touched by lava

c)

the windows boarded to protect from heavy rainfall or winds

d)

the entire project stays within your budget

37.

Scientists have tools that monitor volcanic activity. However, there are too many volcanoes and not enough time or tools to monitor them all. What would be the best way to improve monitoring of volcanoes?

a)

not monitor any volcanoes because it is too expensive

b)

keep track of patterns of when volcanoes erupt, and only monitor the ones that may be close to erupting

c)

monitor all the volcanoes, but don't interpret the data we get from the tools

d)

because volcanic eruptions are not dangerous to people, we do not need to monitor them

38.

Which of the following claims is NOT true?

a)

Natural disasters can cause serious to damage to people and homes

b)

Natural disasters are difficult to predict

c)

Humans can lessen the impact of natural disasters if they are prepared

d)

Natural disasters can be prevented

39.
If a tree fossil is found in the middle of a desert, what can you infer about the past environment of the area?
a)
It used to be a forest
b)
It was always a desert
c)
It used to be at the bottom of the ocean
d)
It used to be covered in ice and snow
40.
Why is it important to examine fossils from different places and ages?
a)
so we can gain a better understanding of the ancient environments that they lived in
b)
so that we can put them in museums 
41.
Which of the following describes a group of living things that is no longer living.
a)
fossil
b)
extinct
c)
mold
d)
cast
42.
If scientists found this fossil, what could they infer?
a)
what fish are like today
b)
that this fish lacked oxygen
c)
what kind of animal ate this fish
d)
that water once covered the area
43.
Which fossil is relatively the oldest?
a)
Trilobite
b)
Ammonite
c)
Crinoid
d)
Gastropod
44.
If the fossil of an animal has flippers, what can you assume about where the animal lived?
a)
it lived in the rainforest
b)
it lived in the ocean
c)
it lived in the desert
d)
it lived on a mountain
45.

A rock layer contains petrified forest trees on the bottom layer. On the top layer we find ocean fish. What can we infer from this information given?

a)

The bottom layer is the oldest

b)

The ocean fish were there for a long time

c)

People must have brought fish in the forest

d)

The area was once a forest, but is now an ocean

46.
Which layer contains the oldest index fossils?
a)
Layer 1
b)
Layer 2
c)
Layer 3
d)
Layer 4
47.

The discovery of fossilized coral reefs on land is evidence that

a)

salt water changes coral into fossils.

b)

the reefs formed in a freshwater lake.

c)

the sea level has changed over time.

d)

coral reefs can form on dry land.

48.

Thousands of fish fossils discovered high in the Rocky Mountains most likely indicate that

a)

ancient sea levels were once high enough to cover the mountains.

b)

a large flood washed the fish up to the tops of the mountains.

c)

the mountains were once part of the sea floor that was pushed up by tectonic forces.

d)

the fish were inhabitants of an ancient stream that became frozen during the ice ages.

49.

Which statement below best explains why several fossils of sea organisms were discovered buried deep in an area of dry land?

a)

The fossils changed locations.

b)

The area had a shift in climate.

c)

The land was once underwater.

d)

A glacier once covered the area.

50.

Which layer is most likely the youngest?

a)

Layer 1

b)

Layer 2

c)

Layer 3

d)

Layer 4

51.

Which layer is most likely the oldest?

a)

Layer 1

b)

Layer 2

c)

Layer 3

d)

Layer 4

52.

Which kind of events can form mountains?

a)

earthquakes and volcanoes

b)

earthquakes and landslides

c)

landslides and avalanches

d)

volcanoes and avalanches

53.

Which would most likely need storm drains?

a)

a highway with wide shoulders

b)

a city street with concrete curbs

c)

a gravel road that has many farms

d)

a dirt road that runs through a forest

54.
a)

Statement a

b)

Statement b

c)

Statement c

d)

Statement d

55.

April and her family are planning a hike. They study a topographic map of the hike. Which of the following does this topographic map show that will best help them plan their hike?

a)

location of rivers

b)

how wide the trail is

c)

steepness of the trail

d)

where the best views are

56.

What is the Ring of Fire?

a)

an area of earthquakes along the edges of the Pacific Ocean

b)

an area of mountain ranges below the Atlantic Ocean

c)

an area of volcanoes along the edges of the Pacific Ocean

d)

an area of tsunamis along the Indian Ocean

57.

Based on this map, which of the following places has many earthquakes?

a)

the land area making up Australia

b)

the middle part of the Pacific Ocean

c)

the western part of Africa

d)

along a line in the center of the Atlantic Ocean

58.

What do the lines on this map represent?

a)

volcanoes

b)

easrthquakes

c)

plate boundaries

d)

travel routes

59.

Volcanoes and earthquakes tend to occur near what?

a)

mountains

b)

islands

c)

plate boundaries

d)

fault lines

60.
What are the puzzle pieces of the Earth's surface called?
a)
Tectonic plates
b)
Puzzles
c)
Earthquakes
61.

Is there a pattern to the locations of earthquakes and volcanoes around the globe?

a)

No, earthquakes and volcanoes are random.

b)

Yes, earthquakes and volcanoes usually occur near the boundaries of tectonic plates.

c)

yes, earthquakes and volcanoes usually occur in the middle of tectonic plates.

d)

No, earthquakes and volcanoes usually occur under water.