Enterprise Information: For customer, product, and purchase information.

(a)  

Enterprise Information: For payments, receipts, account balances, assets and other accounting information.

(a)  

Enterprise Information: For information about employees, salaries, payroll taxes and benefits, and for generation of paychecks.

(a)  

Enterprise Information: For management of the supply chain and for tracking production of items in factories, inventories of items in warehouses and stores, and orders for items .

(a)  

Enterprise Information: For sales data noted above plus online order tracking, generation of recommendation lists, and maintenance of online product evaluations.

(a)  

For customer information, accounts, loans, and banking transactions.

(a)  

For purchases on credit cards and generation of monthly statements.

(a)  

For storing information about holdings, sales, and purchases of financial instruments such as stocks and bonds; also for storing real-time market data to enable online trading by customers and automated trading by the firm.

(a)  

For student information, course registrations, and grades (in addition to standard enterprise information such as human resources and accounting).

(a)  

For reservations and schedule information. It was among the first to use databases in a geographically distributed manner.

(a)  

For keeping records of calls made, generating monthly bills, maintaining balances on prepaid calling cards, and storing information about the communication networks.

(a)  

consists of the raw facts.

(a)  

is the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning.

(a)  

is a shared, integrated computer structure that stores a collection

(a)  

—that is, raw facts of interest to the end user.

(a)  

or data about data, through which the end-user data is integrated and managed.

(a)  

is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database.

(a)  

DBMS

(a)  

- The DBMS helps create an environment in which end users have better access to more and better managed data.

(a)  

The more users access the data, the greater the risks of data security breaches. A DBMS provides a framework for better enforcement of data privacy and security policies.

(a)  

Wider access to well-managed data promotes an integrated view of the organization’s operations and a clearer view of the big picture.

(a)  

The DBMS makes it possible to produce quick answers to ad hoc queries. From a database perspective, a query is a specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation—for example, to read or update the data.

(a)  

Bettermanaged data and improved data access make it possible to generate better-quality information, on which better decisions are based.

(a)  

The DBMS stores definitions of the data elements and their relationships (metadata) in a data dictionary. In turn, all programs that access the data in the database work through the DBMS.

(a)  

The DBMS creates and manages the complex structures required for data storage, thus relieving you from the difficult task of defining and programming the physical data characteristics.

(a)  

The DBMS creates a security system that enforces user security and data privacy.

(a)  

To provide data integrity and data consistency, the DBMS uses sophisticated algorithms to ensure that multiple users can access the database concurrently without compromising its integrity.

(a)  

The DBMS provides backup and data recovery to ensure data safety and integrity.

(a)  

The DBMS promotes and enforces integrity rules, thus minimizing data redundancy and maximizing data consistency

(a)  

SQL

(a)  

is a nonprocedural language—one that lets the user specify what must be done without having to specify how.

(a)  

s the de facto query language and data access standard supported by the majority of DBMS vendors.

(a)  

supports only one user at a time. In other words, if user A is using the database, users B and C must wait until user A is done.

(a)  

supports multiple users at the same time.

(a)  

A database that supports data located at a single site.

(a)  

A database that supports data distributed across several different sites.

(a)  

is a database that is created and maintained using cloud data services, such as Microsof Azure or Amazon AWS.

(a)  

- is data that exists in its original (raw) state—that is, in the format in which it was collected.

(a)  

- is the result of formatting unstructured data to facilitate the storage, use, and generation of information.

(a)  

has already been processed to some extent. For example, if you look at a typical webpage, the data is presented in a prearranged format to convey some information. The database types mentioned thus far focus on the storage and management of highly structured data.

(a)  

XML

(a)  

GIS

(a)  

OLTP

(a)  

JSON

(a)  

refers to the activities that focus on the design of the database structure that will be used to store and manage end-user data.

(a)  

Making changes to an existing file structure can be difficult in a file system environment.

(a)  

exists when the same data is stored unnecessarily at different places.

(a)  

Having multiple copies of data increases the chances for a copy of the data to be susceptible to unauthorized access.

(a)  

exists when different and conflicting versions of the same data appear in different places.

(a)  

are more likely to occur when complex entries (such as 10-digit phone numbers) are made in several different files or recur frequently in one or more files.

(a)  

It is possible to enter a nonexistent sales agent’s name and phone number into the CUSTOMER file, but customers are not likely to be impressed if the insurance agency supplies the name and phone number of an agent who does not exist.

(a)  

refers to all of the system’s physical devices, including computers (PCs, tablets, workstations, servers, and supercomputers), storage devices, printers, network devices (hubs, switches, routers, fiber optics), and other devices (automated teller machines, ID readers, and so on).

(a)  

Although the most readily identified software is the DBMS itself, three types of software are needed to make the database system function fully: operating system software, DBMS software, and application programs and utilities.

(a)  

Businesses need (a)   in order to survive as an organization.

contain a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines

(a)  

contain data focused on specific subject areas.

(a)  

focuses primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision making.

(a)  

HTML

(a)  

DBA

(a)  

GUI

(a)  

SDLC

(a)  

If agent Leah F. Hahn has a new phone number, it must be entered in each of the CUSTOMER file records in which Ms. Hahn’s phone number is shown. In this case, only four changes must be made. In a large file system, such a change might occur in hundreds or even thousands of records. Clearly, the potential for data inconsistencies is great.

(a)  

If only the CUSTOMER file existed and you needed to add a new agent, you would also add a dummy customer data entry to reflect the new agent’s addition. Again, the potential for creating data inconsistencies would be great.

(a)  

If you delete the customers Amy B. O’Brian, George Williams, and Olette K. Smith, you will also delete John T. Okon’s agent data. Clearly, this is not desirable.

(a)  

a term used to refer to how exposed a database is to access and manipulation

(a)