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Rocks & Soil

Total questions: 88

Worksheet time: 1hrs 17mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The O Horizon contains mostly..

a)

Organic Matter

b)

Rocks

c)

Boulders

d)

Houses

2.

Reorder the following soil layers from BOTTOM layer to TOP layer.

a)

Bedrock

b)

Parent Material

c)

Subsoil

d)

Topsoil

e)

Humus

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
3.

The A Horizon is to the ​ (a)   , the B Horizon is to the ​ (b)   .

Choose from the below words
topsoil
subsoil
parent material
humus
4.

The R Horizon contains mostly ​ (a)   ​

Choose from the below words
solid rock
Humus
Organic Matter
Broken tree roots
Microorganisms
5.
Question Image

Match the following soil horizons to their features.

a)

B Horizon

1.

more compacted soil

b)

E Horizon

2.

pale color, leaching nutrients from upper layers

c)

A Horizon

3.

rich in organic matter, where seed germination takes place

d)

O Horizon

4.

organic matter and leaf litter

e)

C Horizon

5.

large broken rocks, broken tree roots

6.

Which is NOT a layer of the soil?

a)

Topsoil

b)

Subsoil

c)

Bottom Soil

d)

Parent Material

7.

What is HUMUS made from?

a)

The remains of decayed plants.

b)

Both

c)

The remains of decayed animals.

8.
What is a mixture of weathered rock, decayed organic matter, mineral fragments, water, and air called?
a)
soil
b)
organic matter
c)
decomposed matter
9.
What is the remains of something that was once alive?
a)
inorganic matter
b)
organic matter
10.
Texture of Soil:
Sand feels...
a)
rough
b)
smooth
c)
sticky
11.
Texture of Soil:
Clay feels...
a)
rough
b)
smooth
c)
sticky
12.
What is made up of equal parts of clay, sand, and silt is called
a)
foam
b)
loam
c)
soil
13.
Organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals are called
a)
decomposers
b)
composers
14.
Equal layers of soil formed from the movements of the products of weathering is called
a)
horizons
b)
decomposers
c)
composers
15.

What are the three soil particles that we use to classify soils?

a)

sand, dirt, and soil

b)

silt, loam, and sandy loam

c)

sand, silt, and clay

d)

clay, salt, and pebbles

16.
Layers of soil are also known as:
a)
Soil Profiles
b)
Soil Horizons
c)
Soil sheets
d)
Soil cores
17.

What is the layer of soil that contains humus, leaf litter, and other organic matter?

a)

O - Organic

b)

A - Topsoil

c)

B - Subsoil

d)

R - Bedrock

18.
The layer of soil which the topsoil is found.
a)
Horizon A
b)
Horizon B
c)
Horizon C
d)
Horizon D or R
19.
Which horizon is made up of partially weathered rocks?
a)

Horizon A

b)

Horizon B

c)

Horizon C

d)

Horizon O

20.
Using the soil triangle  what is 30 clay, 10 silt, 60 sand? 
a)

clay

b)

silt loam

c)

loam

d)

sandy clay loam

21.
If you have 50% clay, 10% silt, and 40% sand, what type of soil do you have?
a)

silty clay

b)

clay loam

c)

clay

d)

sand

22.
Which of the following is an example of chemical weathering?
a)
Acid rain dissolving limestone
b)
roots breaking into concrete
c)
paper being ripped
d)
Water running over rocks
23.
How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks?  The freezing water—
a)
keeps the rocks in place
b)
makes the rocks last longer
c)
expands cracks and breaks rocks
d)
causes rocks to fall in landslides
24.
What is mechanical weathering?
a)
Process through which rocks are physically broken into smaller pieces.
b)
Rocks are broken down through chemical changes.
c)
Rocks are worn away from acid in plant roots.
d)
Rocks broken down by machinery.
25.
Physical and chemical weathering both
a)
change rocks into new materials.
b)
dissolve rocks.
c)
break rocks into smaller pieces.
d)
require exposure to air.
26.
Physical and chemical weathering differ because
a)
only chemical weathering produces new materials.
b)
only physical weathering creates smaller pieces of rock.
c)
only physical weathering involves water.
d)
chemical weathering is faster than physical weathering.
27.
Lichens (small green plants) growing on a large boulder release enzymes and other acids that slowly break the rock apart. This is an example of:
a)
mechanical weathering
b)
chemical weathering
28.
A metal statue slowly turning green after years of being outside is an example of:
a)
mechanical weathering
b)
chemical weathering
29.
Weeds growing into the cracks in a sidewalk and the sidewalk begins to crumble is an example of:
a)
mechanical weathering
b)
chemical weathering
30.
What does this image represent?
a)
chemical weathering
b)
mechanical/physical weathering
c)
erosion
d)
acid rain
31.

Which layer is the subsoil?

a)

Horizon O

b)

Horizon A

c)

Horizon B

d)

Horizon C

e)

Horizon R

32.

Using the soil triangle  what is 5% clay, 65% silt, 30% sand? 

a)

clay

b)

silt loam

c)

loam

d)

sandy clay loam

33.

If you have 45% clay, 45% silt, and 10% sand, what type of soil do you have?

a)

silty clay

b)

clay loam

c)

clay

d)

sand

34.

How long does it take an S-Wave to travel 4400 km?

a)

13:00

b)

7:40

c)

6:40

d)

13:40

35.

How long does it take a P-Wave to travel 4400 km?

a)

7:00

b)

7:40

c)

6:40

d)

3:40

36.

The process of sediment being dropped off in a new location is called?

a)

displacement factoring

b)

weathering

c)

erosion

d)

deposition

37.

1.      The movement of rock by wind, water, ice, or gravity is called..

a)

Deposition

b)

Erosion

c)

Weathering

d)

Physical Change

38.

How is an igneous rock formed?

a)

Compaction and/or cementation of sediments

b)

Solidification of magma or lava

c)

Heat and/or pressure

39.

Which igneous rock is made of 100% olivine?

a)

Obsidian

b)

Andesite

c)

Dunite

d)

Pegmatite

40.

Is pumice mafic or felsic?

a)

Mafic

b)

Felsic

41.

Which of the following is a fine-grained mafic igneous rock?

a)

Pegmatite

b)

Basalt

c)

Diorite

d)

Obsidian

42.

Which igneous rock is glassy and felsic?

a)

Basaltic glass

b)

Scoria

c)

Granite

d)

Obsidian

43.

Using your ESRT, find the mineral that has a metallic luster, can scratch glass and contains sulfur.

a)

Garnet

b)

Galena

c)

Magnetite

d)

Pyrite

44.

If a mineral can scratch glass, that tells us that the hardness is

a)

equal to glass

b)

less than glass

c)

more than glass

d)

does not tell us anything

45.

Which mineral would Fluorite be able to scratch?

a)

Calcite

b)

Pyroxene

c)

Olivine

d)

Garnet

46.

A mineral has a Metallic luster, has a colored streak and does not scratch glass. What is it's mineral letter?

a)

B

b)

C

c)

D

d)

H

47.

Which mineral property is this picture showing?

a)

Luster

b)

Cleavage

c)

Streak

d)

The use of the mineral

48.

Which mineral listed on your ESRT is non-metallic, has bumpy edges and CANNOT scratch glass.

a)

Sulfur

b)

Pyrite

c)

Amphibole

d)

Olviine

49.

Which mineral could this be (on your ESRT)?

a)

Garnet

b)

Olivine

c)

Pyrite

d)

Pyroxene

50.

Which two elements are found in most of the minerals listed on page 16 of the ESRT?

a)

Carbon and Iron

b)

Iron and Lead

c)

Calcium and Potassium

d)

Silicon and Oxygen

51.

Match the Physical Processes that Contribute to the Formation of

Sedimentary Rocks

a)

Weathering

1.

rocks are physically and

chemically broken down by water, wind, ice & living things.

b)

Erosion

2.

the transportation of sediment.

c)

Deposition

3.

when an agent of erosion – water, wind, ice, or

gravity – lose energy, it drops the sediments.

d)

Compaction

4.

process that squeezes, or compacts

sediments.

e)

Cementation

5.

“glue” - when dissolved minerals are

deposited in the tiny spaces of sediments.

52.

In what types of rocks are fossils found?

a)

minerals

b)

sedimentary

c)

igneous

d)

metamorphic

53.

Which rock could contain a fossil?

a)

Metaconglomerate

b)

Granite

c)

Scoria

d)

Limestone

54.

How is a glassy igneous rock formed?

a)

Slowly above ground

b)

Quickly above ground

c)

Slowly underground

d)

Quickly undeground

55.

Intrusive igneous rocks cool slowly and …

a)

Form underground and have small crystals

b)

Form underground and have large crystals

c)

Form above ground and have small crystals

d)

Form above ground and have large crystals

56.

Extrusive igneous rocks cool quickly and have…

a)

Large crystals

b)

Small or no crystals (glassy)

57.

Use youy ESRT's to answer the following:

Which mineral creates a green-black streak when rubbed against an unglazed porcelain plate?

a)

Pyroxene

b)

Olivine

c)

Pyrite

d)

Talc

58.

Use youy ESRT's to answer the following:

Which two are metalic?

a)

Sulfur and Galena

b)

Graphite and Galena

c)

Talc and Garnet

d)

Magnetitle and Halite

59.

True or False:

Color matters when trying to identify a mineral.

a)

True

b)

False

60.

Use youy ESRT's identify the mineral:

The hardness is 3, it is colorless, it fizz in acid and its chemical composition is CaCO3

a)

Graphite

b)

Calcite

c)

Mica

d)

Quartz

61.

Use youy ESRT's identify the mineral:

The hardness is 2, it is yellow to an amber color, it's streak is white-yellow and its chemical composition is S.

a)

Fluorite

b)

Amphibole

c)

Sulfur

d)

Talc

62.

Use youy ESRT's identify the mineral:

It can scratch Fluorite, but can't scratch Garnet. This mineral's useage is building stones.

a)

Gypsum

b)

Dolomite

c)

Galena

d)

Potassium Feldspar

63.

According to page 16 of the ESRT, what MINERAL has a LUSTER that is both metallic and nonmetallic?

a)

Calcite

b)

hematite

c)

Sulfur

d)

Garnet

64.

According to ESRT page 16, What mineral is used for pencil lead?

a)

Graphite

b)

Olivine

c)

Pyrite

d)

Dolomite

65.

According the the ROCK CYCLE diagram on ESRT page 6, what process can change rocks to MAGMA?

a)

Solidification

b)

Melting

c)

Weathering and Erosion

d)

Deposition and Burial

66.

According the the ROCK CYCLE diagram on ESRT page 6, what process produces SEDIMENTS?

a)

Solidification

b)

Melting

c)

Weathering and Erosion

d)

Deposition and Burial

67.

Using ESRT page 7 "SCHEME FOR SEDIMANTARY ROCK IDENTIFICATION", what TYPE OF METAMORPHISM produces the rock HORNFELS?

a)

regional or contact metamorphism

b)

regional metamorphism

c)

contact metamorphism

d)

any metamorphism

68.

Using the "SCHEME FOR SEDIMANTARY ROCK IDENTIFICATION" on page 7, what is the grain size of SANDSTONE?

a)

0.006 - 0.2 cm

b)

0.0004 - 0.006 cm

c)

less than 0.0004 cm

d)

Cobbles and Boulders

69.

What Clastic Rock has a grain size of 0.004 cm?

a)

Conglomerate

b)

Breccia

c)

Sandstone

d)

Siltstone

e)

Dolostone

70.

What is a texture for an Intrusive Igneous Rock?

a)

Vesicular

b)

Very Coarse

c)

Glassy

d)

Fine

71.

What kind of Texture can be found in Foliated Metamorphic Rock?

a)

Glassy

b)

Mineral Alignment

c)

Vesicular

d)

Fine to Medium

72.

Which rock is composed out of visible angular sediments that are cemented and compacted together?

a)

Breccia

b)

Sandstone

c)

Dolostone

d)

Gneiss

73.
A _______ is a solid, naturally formed substance that always has the same composition.
a)
rock
b)
carbon
c)
mineral
d)
water
74.
___________ rocks are formed when magma cools.
a)
Sedimentry
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
d)
Mineral
75.
________ is an example of a metamorphic rock.
a)
Pumice
b)
Limestone
c)
Sandstone
d)
Marble
76.
The measure of how easily a mineral is scratched.
a)
Cleavage
b)
Fracture
c)
Chemical composition
d)
Hardness
77.
The color of the powder of a mineral left behind when it is scratched or ground up.
a)
Mohs Hardness Scale
b)
Mineral
c)
Naturally Occuring
d)
Streak
78.
The sticking together of sediments caused by minerals growing around them.
a)
Deposition
b)
Erosion
c)
Sediments
d)
Cementation
79.
The movement of sediments from one location to another by wind,water,ice, or gravity.
a)
Deposition
b)
Erosion
c)
Sediments
d)
Cementation
80.
A type of rock that is made from existing rock that is formed under intense heat and pressure.
a)
Metamorphic Rock
b)
Sedimentary Rock
c)
Igneous Rock
81.
This rock was another type of rock that was heated and compressed over time. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
82.
This rock started as molten magma. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
83.
This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
84.
True or False: Once a rock is sedimentary, it cannot become an igneous rock.
a)
True
b)
False
85.
The process by which igneous rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
melting and cooling
c)
weathering and erosion
86.
The process by which metamorphic rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
erosion and deposition
c)
melting and cooling
87.
True/False: Igneous rocks can only turn into metamorphic rocks.
a)
True
b)
False
88.

What mineral has a hardness of 7.5, has fracture, and is red?

(a)  

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