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FA23_Economics and Personal Finance Review

Total questions: 121

Worksheet time: 2hrs 33mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the economic concept that refers to the value of the next best alternative when a decision is made?

a)

opportunity cost

b)

Fixed cost

c)

Sunk cost

d)

Marginal cost

2.

Which subtopic of economics deals with the study of individual consumer and producer behavior?

a)

Astrophysics

b)

Microeconomics

c)

Macroeconomics

d)

Botany

3.

What is the term used to describe the study of the overall economy, including topics such as inflation, unemployment, and economic growth?

a)

microeconomics

b)

nanoeconomics

c)

macroeconomics

d)

mesoeconomics

4.

In economics, what is the term used to describe the relationship between the quantity of a good that producers are willing to sell and the price of the good?

a)

Demand curve

b)

Price curve

c)

Supply curve

d)

Cost curve

5.

What is the term used to describe the study of how individuals and societies make choices about the use of scarce resources?

a)

sociology

b)

economics

c)

psychology

d)

biology

6.

Which subtopic of economics focuses on the financial decisions and activities of an individual or household?

a)

Macroeconomics

b)

Microeconomics

c)

Environmental economics

d)

International economics

7.

What is the term used to describe the cost of forgoing the next best alternative when making a decision?

a)

opportunity cost

b)

fixed cost

c)

marginal cost

d)

sunk cost

8.

In economics, what is the term used to describe the total amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price?

a)

equilibrium

b)

scarcity

c)

demand

d)

supply

9.

Which subtopic of economics deals with the overall performance and behavior of the economy as a whole?

a)

Microeconomics

b)

Macroeconomics

c)

Astroeconomics

d)

Psychroeconomics

10.

What is the term used to describe the process of analyzing and evaluating the costs and benefits of an action or decision?

a)

Cost-benefit analysis

b)

Cost-effectiveness review

c)

Expense-profit assessment

d)

Price-value comparison

11.

What is the term used to describe the policy employed by a central bank to control the supply of money in an economy?

a)

Fiscal policy

b)

Monetary policy

c)

Trade policy

d)

Foreign policy

12.

Which tool of monetary policy involves the buying and selling of government bonds to regulate the money supply?

a)

Open market operations

b)

Reserve requirements

c)

Discount rate

d)

Interest rate targeting

13.

What is the effect of an expansionary monetary policy on the interest rates?

a)

Increases interest rates

b)

Decreases interest rates

c)

No effect on interest rates

d)

Interest rates become negative

14.

Who is responsible for making fiscal policy decisions? 

a)
The President and Congress
b)
The Federal Reserve System
c)
The National Council of Economic Advisors
d)

The Federal Open Market Committee

15.

Which of the following would stimulate the economy? Choose all that apply!

a)

Decrease taxes

b)

Raise taxes

c)

Government spends more on Science research

d)

Government cuts organizations like the National Science Foundation

16.

The headline below indicates which type of policy:

"Fed unleashes another big rate hike in bid to curb inflation"

a)

Fiscal policy

b)

Monetary policy

17.

Monetary policy decisions are made by:

a)

Congress

b)

Senate

c)

The Fed

d)

President

18.

Taxing and Spending are tools of

a)

fiscal policy

b)

monetary policy

19.

Is a joint effort between the executive and legislative branches

a)

fiscal policy

b)

monetary policy

20.

In order to help the economy grow, the government will decrease or lower taxes. This allows people to have more money and buy more goods and services.

a)

fiscal policy

b)

monetary policy

21.

What can the government do to slow the economy in order to reduce inflation?

a)

lower taxes

b)

raise taxes

c)

spend more

22.

To help the economy grow, the government can

a)

increase spending

b)

decrease spending

c)

lower the minimum wage

d)

raise taxes

23.

In order to help the economy grow, the FED may____________the reserve requirement, allowing banks to loan more people money so that they spend more

a)

lower

b)

raise

c)

ignore

d)

end

24.

The amount that all banks have to keep in the reserve and they can't loan out to people

a)

monetary lending

b)

fiscal spending

c)

reserve requirement

d)

lending policy

25.

The interest rate the FED charges banks to borrow money will be lowered to help the economy grow and raised to slow the economy

a)

reserve requirement

b)

discount rate

c)

bank rate

d)

monetary bank

26.
If the Federal Reserve System wanted to stimulate the U.S. economy and reduce unemployment, it would
a)

cause interest rates to decrease because low interest rates encourage business growth and expansion

b)

cause interest rates to rise because high interest rates encourage business growth and expansion

c)

increase the discount rate it charges banks, which would increase the money supply

d)

increase consumer spending by reducing the money supply

27.
When the government raises taxes, what does it take out of circulation?
a)
Money
b)
Credit
c)
People
d)
Jobs
28.

What type of unemployment occurs when advanced technology takes your job?

a)

Frictional

b)

Structural

c)

Seasonal

d)

Cyclical

29.

What type of unemployment is due to a business shutting down for a part of a year?

a)

Frictional

b)

Structural

c)

Seasonal

d)

Cyclical

30.

What type of unemployment occurs during a transition period from one job to another job?

a)

Frictional

b)

Structural

c)

Seasonal

d)

Cyclical

31.

What type of unemployment occurs when there is a decline in business activity resulting in layoffs?

a)

Frictional

b)

Structural

c)

Seasonal

d)

Cyclical

32.

Which of the following is NOT a form of unemployment?

a)

underemployment

b)

long-term unemployment

c)

frictional unemployment

d)

structural unemployment

33.

Which of the following best defines unemployment?

a)

The state of being able to work and actively seeking work, but unable to find employment

b)

The state of being able to work, but choosing not to

c)

The percentage of the labour force that is able and actively seeking work, but cannot find employment

d)

The total number of people who do not work

34.

The unemployment rate will drop if

a)

A person is hired into a new job

b)

Someone who was previously laid off is rehired

c)

An unemployed person stops looking

d)

ALL of these answers are CORRECT

35.

Inflation is most likely to occur during which phase of the business cycle

a)

Expansion

b)

Contraction

36.

Inflation can best be defined as...

a)

A general increase in prices.

b)

An increase in prices of key items purchased by consumers.

c)

The increase in the value of fiat money

d)

The printing of too much paper money.

37.
When inflation is high the _______________of the dollar decreases
a)
cost value
b)
purchasing power
c)
importance
d)
validity
38.

Because of scarcity, people are forced to make _________ about how to use resources.

a)

Choices

b)

Opportunities

c)

Houses

d)

Desires

39.

These are the things we desire to have.

a)

Wants

b)

Goals

c)

Opportunity Costs

40.

The opportunity cost of a good is

a)

its price in dollars and cents.

b)

the alternative goods forgone.

c)

the price of alternative goods foregone.

d)

none of the other options

41.

Amber was shopping at the mall. She had $80 to spend. She found three items she liked: $75 for a pair of shoes, $70 for a jacket, and $62 for a dress. After shopping for a couple hours, she decided to borrow a pair of shoes from her cousin and to buy the jacket for $70. What was her opportunity cost?

a)

Shoes

b)

Jacket

c)

Dress

d)

Purse

42.

Football fans and sport commentators frequently argue over the strategies professional football teams use in drafting players. Some teams are looking for a player for a specific position, and when their turn comes, they draft the best available player at that position. Other teams simply draft the best player available regardless of position. These teams argue that by selecting the best possible player regardless of position, they can trade the player they draft now for a better player than they could draft for the desired position later.


What is the MOST scarce resource that professional teams have in the drafting process?

a)

draft positions

b)

the trades

c)

the best players

d)

money

43.

In economics, when discussing the factors of production, the term land refers to

a)

farmland.

b)

real estate.

c)

capital goods.

d)

all natural resources.

44.

Land includes...

a)

The "gifts of nature" or natural resources not created by human effort.

b)

the tools, equipment, and factories used in production of goods and services

c)

people with all their efforts and abilities

d)

individuals who start a new business or bring a product to market.

45.

Capital refers to...

a)

The "gifts of nature" or natural resources not created by human effort.

b)

people with all their efforts and abilities

c)

the tools, equipment, and factories used in production of goods and services

d)

individuals who start a new business or bring a product to market.

46.

Labor refers to...

a)

people with all their efforts and abilities

b)

individuals who start a new business or bring a product to market.

c)

the tools, equipment, and factories used in production of goods and services.

d)

The "gifts of nature" or natural resources not created by human effort.

47.

Entrepreneurs are...

a)

people with all their efforts and abilities

b)

individuals who start a new business or bring a product to market.

c)

The "gifts of nature" or natural resources not created by human effort.

d)

the tools, equipment, and factories used in production of goods and services

48.
A herd of cattle is an example of ...
a)
Land
b)
Labor
c)
Entrepreneur
d)
Capital
49.
Forests are examples of...
a)
Land
b)
Labor
c)
Entrepreneurs
d)
Capital
50.
A bulldozer is an example of...
a)
Land
b)
Labor
c)
Entrepreneurs
d)
Capital
51.
Your garbage man is an example of
a)
Land
b)
Labor
c)
Entrepreneurs
d)
Capital
52.

Bill Gates is an example of...

a)

Land

b)

Labor

c)

An Entrepreneurs

d)

Capital

53.

Which statement describes the law of demand?

a)

As prices rise, quantity demanded decreases

b)

As prices rise, demand decreases.

c)

As prices fall, quantity demanded decreases.

d)

As prices fall, demand decreases.

54.

Which explains why a supply line is upward sloping?

a)

the Law of Demand states there is an indirect relationship between price and quantity

b)

the Law of Supply states there is a direct relationship between price and quantity

c)

the Law of Supply compares marginal costs and marginal benefits in a constant rate

d)

the Law of Demand shows a positive relationship between two goods, creating the slope

55.

Which is an example of the Law of Demand at work?

a)

The price of the pizza goes up when the price of cheese goes up.

b)

Demand for pizza goes down when tacos become more popular

c)

The price of pizza falls when the demand for pizza falls

d)

Demand for pizza rises when the price of pizza falls

56.

What causes a shift in the demand curve?

a)

A decrease in price

b)

An increase in price

c)

A change in an area other than price

d)

A change in price and availability

57.

The amount of a good or service that producers are willing and able to sell at all possible prices during a given period of time.

a)

Supply

b)

Demand

c)

Factor of Production

d)

Production

58.

The market equilibrium price is the price at which

a)

surpluses depress the number of goods supplied

b)

shortages and surpluses will have no effect on the market

c)

the government will not intervene in the market

d)

the quantity demanded is the same as the quantity supplied

59.

What is the Equilibrium Price?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

60.

When there is a shortage the price will usually?

a)

rise

b)

fall

c)

remain the same

d)

equilibrium

61.

The diagram represents a(n)

a)

increase in supply

b)

decrease in supply

c)

change in quantity supplied

d)

none of the above

62.

The diagram represents a

a)

increase in demand

b)

decrease in demand

c)

change in quantity demand

d)

none of the above

63.

How would you describe the relationship of supply and demand at this price?

a)

Demand exceeds supply

b)

Supply exceeds demand

c)

Supply equals demand

d)

Demand equals supply

64.

An observer of the graph would call this a(n):

a)

Shortage

b)

Surplus

c)

Equilibrium price

d)

Demand equals supply

65.

At this price:

a)

Low prices encourage buyers but discourage sellers

b)

High prices encourage sellers but discourage buyers

c)

The market is stable

d)

Buyers can find goods at equilibrium price

66.

To return to equilibrium, price would need to:

a)

Increase

b)

Decrease

c)

Stay the same

d)

Shift demand curve

67.

Which description best describes the information in this graph at this price?

a)

Supply exceeds demand

b)

Demand exceeds supply

c)

Qd = Qs

d)

Qs = Qd

68.

An observer of this graph would call this a(n):

a)

Surplus

b)

Shortage

c)

Qd = Qs

d)

Shift in supply

69.

Every price higher than $3 would represent a(n):

a)

Surplus

b)

Shortage

c)

Equilibrium price

d)

Input cost

70.
An effective price floor must be set above equilibrium, resulting in:
a)
a shortage
b)
a surplus
c)
limited choices
d)
None of the above
71.
The maximum legal price that can be charged is called a 
a)
price ceiling
b)
price floor
c)
price fan
d)
price stair 
72.
Characteristics of equilibrium include
a)
where supply and demand intersect
b)
 where QS = QD
c)
no shortage and no surplus
d)
all of these
73.
Price ceilings lead to ___________ and price floors lead to ___________.
a)
surplus;shortage
b)
shortage;surplus
74.
If the government set the price at $700, would that be a price ceiling or floor?
a)
Price Ceiling
b)
Price Floor 
c)
Neither
75.
If the government set the price at $300, what would be the result?
a)
Surplus of 4,000
b)
Surplus of 2,000
c)
Shortage of 4,000
d)
Shortage of 2,000
76.

What is the process of evaluating marginal benefits (MB or gains) of a decision against marginal costs (MC or costs) of a decision, based on the assumption that the selected decision is one in which MB > MC?

a)

Irrational Choices

b)

Thinking at the Margin

c)

Rational Decision Making

d)

Investing

77.

What is the formula for a rational decision?

a)

MB = OC

b)

MB > MC

c)

MB < MC

d)

OC = MC

78.

What is an incentive?

a)

ruthless, cold-hearted, & unfeeling behavior

b)

a reward or punishment

c)

lack of sympathy

d)

inhumane & soulless treatment

79.

What is the purpose of budgeting?

a)

The purpose of budgeting is to increase debt and financial instability.

b)

The purpose of budgeting is to restrict spending and limit financial resources.

c)

The purpose of budgeting is to ignore financial planning and waste resources.

d)

The purpose of budgeting is to plan and manage financial resources effectively.

80.

What are the advantages of creating a budget?

a)

Limited savings, lack of financial awareness, and increased risk of financial instability.

b)

Difficulty in tracking expenses, inability to set financial goals, and poor financial decision-making.

c)

Increasing debt, overspending, and lack of financial control.

d)

Managing and tracking expenses, setting financial goals, saving money, avoiding debt, and making informed financial decisions.

81.

How does scarcity affect economic decision making?

a)

Scarcity leads to an abundance of resources for decision making.

b)

Scarcity affects economic decision making by creating trade-offs and the need to prioritize resources.

c)

Scarcity only affects non-economic decision making.

d)

Scarcity has no impact on economic decision making.

82.

What is the difference between fixed and variable expenses?

a)

Fixed expenses are costs that change from month to month, while variable expenses remain the same each month.

b)

Fixed expenses are costs that are not necessary, while variable expenses are essential.

c)

Fixed expenses are costs that are paid in cash, while variable expenses are paid through credit cards.

d)

Fixed expenses are costs that remain the same each month, while variable expenses can change from month to month.

83.

Why is it important to track your expenses?

a)

To waste time and effort

b)

To ignore your financial situation

c)

To understand where your money is going and make informed financial decisions.

d)

To make random financial decisions

84.

What is the difference between a need and a want?

a)

A need is necessary for survival or basic living standards, while a want is desired but not necessary.

b)

A need is something that is not necessary, while a want is necessary for survival.

c)

A need is something that is desired but not necessary, while a want is necessary for survival.

d)

A need and a want are the same thing.

85.

What is the role of interest rates in economic decision making?

a)

Interest rates affect borrowing costs, investment decisions, and consumer spending.

b)

Interest rates only affect investment decisions.

c)

Interest rates have no impact on economic decision making.

d)

Interest rates only affect borrowing costs.

86.

In general, what are the two options people have concerning money?

a)

Spend it

b)

Save it

c)

Print it

d)

Waste it

87.

It allows us to place a monetary value on goods and services

a)

Means of exchange

b)

Unit of Account

c)

Store of Value

d)

Legal Tender

88.

It allows us to trade

a)

Means of exchange

b)

Unit of Account

c)

Store of Value

d)

Legal Tender

89.

A unit of account allows us to place a .................... value on goods and ................

a)

estimated/products

b)

monetary/services

c)

certain/products

d)

monetary/products

90.

Legal Tender is a legally recognised form of payment

a)

True

b)

False

91.

What is your credit rating based on?

a)

History

b)

Earnings

c)

Other debt

d)

All of these

92.

What does #3 represent?

(drawing on board)

a)

government

b)

business

c)

individual

d)

resource market

93.

Which of the following are examples of goods as opposed to services?

a)

  tees, golf lesson, golf shoes

b)

  tennis lesson, golf lesson, hair cut

c)

  tees, golf shoes, tennis racket

d)

  tennis lesson, golf lesson, tennis racket

94.

Entrepreneurs are primarily motivated by __________

a)

rent

b)

wages

c)

interest

d)

profit

95.

In the circular flow model households sell labor to firms in exchange for 

a)

rent

b)

wages

c)

interest

d)

profit

96.

In the picture shown, what flows from the government to households and businesses?

(picture on board)

a)

rent

b)

wages

c)

taxes

d)

public service

97.

Goods and services are exchanged in the _____________

a)

  Product market

b)

  Factor market

c)

  Resource market

d)

free market

98.

In a market economy, resources are owned by households.  Individuals in households take their resources to the __________

a)

  Product market

b)

  Goods and Services market

c)

  Factor market

d)

  None of the above

99.

Land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship are _________

a)

  Natural resources

b)

  Government production

c)

  Public production

d)

  Factors of production

100.

Zach has a landscaping business. Some of his profit will be used in procuring capital for the business. ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​ (a)  

a)

true

b)

false

101.

___________ money is when the declare the currency "legal tender" by the government

a)

representative

b)

fiat

c)

digital

d)

commodity

102.

To much money in our economy leads to

a)

Inflation

b)

Recession

c)

Increasing

d)

Receding

103.

The Federal Reserve...

a)

Regulates the amount of money in circulation

b)

Supervises banks

c)

Provides financial services to banks and the public

d)

All of the above.

104.

The interest rate that the Federal Reserve charges commercial banks for Overnight loans is called the...?

a)

discount rate

b)

monetary policy

c)

inside lag

d)

tight money policy

105.

How many regional Reserve Banks make up the Federal Reserve System?

a)

12

b)

6

c)

22

d)

50

106.

What is the equation of GDP?

a)

C + I + (X+N)

b)

C + I + G

c)

C + I + G + (X-N)

d)

C + G + U + (X+N)

107.

In the GDP equation, what does the 'C' stand for?

a)

Consumer spending

b)

Consumer income

c)

Convoy

d)

Consumer health

108.

In the GDP equation, what does the 'I' stand for?

a)

Intelligent spending

b)

Investor spending

c)

Incredible spending

d)

Investment spending

109.

In the GDP equation, what does the 'G' stand for?

a)

Government taxes

b)

Government spending

c)

Government budget

d)

Good Government

110.

In the GDP equation, what does the 'X' stand for?

a)

Extra Spending

b)

Excellent

c)

Exports

d)

Extra Cool

111.

In the GDP equation, what does the 'M' stand for?

a)

Imports

b)

Machines and Capital

c)

Mal

d)

Mixed economy

112.

Which of the following is the best measurement of economic growth?

a)

Nominal GDP

b)

Real GDP

c)

GDP per capita

d)

Real GDP per capita

113.

What is the total value of all final goods and services produced in the economy in a given year?

a)

Unemployment rate

b)

Supply and Demand

c)

GDP

d)

Communism

114.
Which is a final product in a bakery?
a)
Cake
b)
Flour
c)
Eggs
d)
Sugar
115.

Which of the following is NOT part of GDP:

a)

a new car that is sold

b)

a teacher working in the classroom

c)

a used TV on Craigslist

d)

no answer

116.

Which of the following are NOT in GDP:

a)

Secondhand Sales

b)

Retail Service

c)

Intermediate Goods

d)

Illegal Products

e)

all

117.
Who is most likely to be hurt by inflation?
a)
someone who borrowed money
b)
a retiree on a fixed income
c)
a business owner
d)
the U.S. government
118.

The development of skills in one aspect of a job is called

a)

specialization

b)

interdependence

c)

entrepreneurship

d)

globalization

119.
I decided to attend a specialty high school that offered experience in fixing cars so I could be an auto mechanic when I get older.  I’ve wanted to be one since I was a little kid.
a)
security
b)
equity
c)
stability
d)
freedom
120.
In my Native American tribe, we use the skin of the buffalo for teepees, the fur for blankets, the meat for food, and the bones for tools.
a)
Freedom
b)
Efficiency
c)
Growth
d)
Security
121.
My mom had to have surgery.  Luckily she won’t have to pay the medical bills since she went to the government-run hospital.  They even gave her the prescriptions at no cost.
a)
equity
b)
security
c)
freedom
d)
efficiency