WorksheetsPHYS: Cell Membranes/AP and Muscle
Total questions: 56
Worksheet time: 56mins
What is the body fluid that acts as a medium of transport from the vascular system to the cells?
Intracellular
Blood plasma
Interstitial
Cerebrospinal fluid
Which factor impacts the net rate of diffusion?
Temperature
Electrical potential
Osmotic pressure
Gravity
What type of channel on a neuron initiates the movement of an action potential along a postsynaptic neuron?
Voltage-gated channel
Ligand-gated channel
Mechanically-gated channel
Leakage channel
Which gated channel perpetuates/maintains an action potential along the axon of a neuron?
Voltage-gated channel
Ligand-gated channel
Leak channel
Mechanically-gated channel
What type of diffusion transports glucose across membranes?
Active transport
Simple diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
What body component correlates inversely to body water?
Muscle mass
Bone density
Body fat content
Connective tissue
What lines our body passages with external connections?
Synovial fluid
Mucous
Serous
Lymph
What is the pleura, the membrane that surrounds our lungs, composed of?
Connective tissue
Mucous
Serous
Epithelial cells
What percentage of the total body’s water volume is found inside the cell?
33%
50%
66%
75%
What is the normal osmolarity of intra- and extracellular fluid in the body?
150 mOsm/L
200 mOsm/L
300 mOsm/L
400 mOsm/L
What is the movement of H2O across a permeable membrane to maintain solute concentrations called?
Diffusion
Active transport
Osmosis
Filtration
What is the number between 0 and 1 that describes the ease with which a solute crosses a membrane?
Diffusion coefficient
Osmotic coefficient
Permeability coefficient
Reflection coefficient
If the reflection coefficient of a solute is 1, what does this indicate about the solute's behavior in relation to the membrane?
The solute readily crosses the membrane
The solute is partially reflected by the membrane
The solute is impermeable to the membrane
The solute is actively transported across the membrane
What is the protein that crosses both lipid bilayers of a cell?
Peripheral Protein
Integral Protein
Transmembrane Protein
Glycoprotein
What is the type of diffusion that transports the same amount of a substance across a cell membrane as facilitated diffusion?
Active transport
Simple diffusion
Osmosis
Bulk transport
What are the factors that impact the net rate of diffusion?
Temperature, size of molecules
Concentration gradient, pressure differences
Osmotic pressure, electrical potential
pH, viscosity
What surrounds an unmyelinated neuron to insulate the action potential from surrounding tissues/neurons?
Myelin sheath
Node of Ranvier
Schwann Cell
Axon hillock
What maintains the solute concentration in the various compartments of the body?
Osmosis
Diffusion
Filtration
Physiologic/Homeostatic Purpose of Osmosis
What is the theory that diseases can be traced to deranged structures or function of organs, tissues, and cells?
Germ theory
Cellular basis of disease
Holistic theory
Psychosomatic theory
What is a moderate-sized muscle fiber on a continuum of small to large?
Type I
Type IIA
Type IIB
Type IIX
What is the calcium storage network in a muscle cell?
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
What is the explanation of how muscles contract?
Cross-bridge theory
Sliding filament theory
Troponin-tropomyosin theory
Myosin-actin interaction theory
What is the connective tissue layer that surrounds a whole muscle?
Perimysium
Epimysium
Endomysium
Fascia
What is the bundle of fibers within a muscle?
Tendon
Ligament
Fascicle
Sarcomere
What is the correlation between osmolarity and osmolality in physiology?
Higher osmolarity, lower osmolality
Equal
Lower osmolarity, higher osmolality
Inverse correlation
What is the type of gate a neurotransmitter would open?
Voltage-gated channel
Mechanically gated channel
Ligand-gated channel
Leak channel
What is the movement of molecules across a permeable membrane without the use of energy?
Active transport
Bulk transport
Facilitated diffusion
Simple diffusion
In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is...
Positively charged and contains more sodium
Positively charged and contains less sodium
Negatively charged and contains more sodium
Negatively charged and contains less sodium
An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the _____.
Synapse
Node of Ranvier
Axon hillock
Neurotransmitter
Diffusion is always from areas of ____ to areas of ____ concentration
Lesser, Greater
Greater, Lesser
Equal, Unequal
Lower, Higher
How do graded potentials act in the nervous system?
Occur when membrane potential reaches threshold
Generate action potentials instantly
Inhibit synaptic transmission
Occur exclusively in the axon
The substance of a postsynaptic neuron by many terminals at the same time on the postsynaptic neuron’s dendrites.
Temporal summation
Presynaptic facilitation
Spatial summation
Inhibitory synapse
What is the main component of the cellular cytosol?
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Water
Axon terminal clusters at the ends of neuromuscular junctions are referred to as:
Synaptic vesicles
Axon hillocks
Neurotransmitters
Synaptic end bulbs
What attaches muscle to bone?
Tendons
Ligaments
Cartilage
Fascia
Which of the following are NOT correct about graded potentials?
They do NOT operate under an “all or none” principle
They occur most often in the dendrites and cell body of the neuron
They are localized
They can be excitatory/inhibitory
As an action potential is peaking, which cellular gates open?
Sodium
Chloride
Calcium
Potassium
What is a charged particle generally called?
Atom
Molecule
Electron
Ion
The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n):
Dendrite
Axon
Soma
Synapse
Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?
Energy storage
Information processing
Molecular transport through the membrane
Photosynthesis
What is the single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Water
Which of the following do passive membrane transport processes include?
Active transport
Movement against the concentration gradient
Movement of a substance down its concentration gradient
Energy expenditure
Which of the following is true regarding the generation of a membrane potential?
The inside of a cell is slightly positive compared to the outside
The inside of a cell is slightly negative compared to the outside
The membrane potential is always zero
Membrane potential is not influenced by ion movement
What is the property of muscle that gives it the ability to shorten and generate force when excited?
Irritability
Elasticity
Contractility
Conductivity
What are the components of the reflex arc in order?
Receptor, sensory neuron, integrating center, motor neuron, effector
Effector, integrating center, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron
Sensory neuron, receptor, motor neuron, integrating center, effector
Integrating center, motor neuron, receptor, effector, sensory neuron
Which part of the skeletal muscle cell releases calcium when stimulated by the T Tubules?
Sarcomere
Myofibril
Terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum
Z-disc
Which of the following is an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) associated with?
Depolarization
Hyperpolarization
Action potential
Sodium influx
Which molecule directly provides energy for cellular work?
Glucose
Protein
ATP
DNA
Which of the following is NOT a major function of muscle tissue?
Maintaining blood glucose
Producing body movement
Maintaining posture
Generating heat
What is the outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding muscles called?
Perimysium
Endomysium
Epimysium
Fascia
What does homeostasis cause the body to maintain?
A constant external environment
A constantly changing internal environment
A relatively stable internal environment, within limits
A perfect balance of all physiological processes
What would happen to a RBC placed in pure water?
Shrink
Remain unchanged
Swell and burst
Disintegrate
Which of the following is true of nerve impulse conduction?
The impulse is a wave of depolarization due to the influx of sodium
Myelination speeds the rate of the impulse
Once an impulse (AP) begins, it spreads down the entire axon
For a short time at the beginning of repolarization, the cell is in a refractory period
When a muscle is at its resting length, there is an optimal overlap of ___ and ___ to produce force:
Actin and tropomyosin
Actin and myosin
Myosin and troponin
Troponin and tropomyosin
Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of an action potential?
Ligand-gated channel
Mechanically gated channel
Voltage-gated channel
Leak channel
The inside of a nerve cell is usually polarized at ____ millivolts:
-50 mV
-70 mV
-90 mV
-110 mV
