2. Choice of job assignment to a subordinate is a part of a tangible reward.

3. The authority that a manager has based on the manager's position in the organization's hierarchy is known as expert power.

4. When leaders show their subordinates that they trust and respect them, they are trying to initiate structure.

5. Effective leaders and managers perform both initiating structure and consideration leader behaviors.

6. Contingency models of leadership take into account the context within which the manager acts.

7. According to Fred Fiedler, managers should change their style to adapt to different kinds of situations.

8. Veronica is CEO of a company and she has several division managers who report to her. As such, she wields position power.

9. Robert House’s path-goal theory focuses on what a leader can do to motivate subordinates to achieve organizational goals.

10. When transformational leadership occurs, employees trust the managers, are highly motivated, and help the organization achieve its goals.

11. Subordinates trying to resist the influence of female managers more than male managers is one of the reasons for female managers being more directive.

12. Emotional intelligence in a leader encourages followers to be creative because the followers are more likely to take risks.

13. The process by which one person exerts influence over others and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities is known as

14. Miranda is a manager of a retail store. She believes that her job is to inspire and motivate her salespeople in addition to directing their activities. Miranda demonstrates the characteristics of a

15. A manager’s ________ leadership style is the specific ways in which they choose to influence others.

16. Vicky works for a nonprofit that provides transitional housing for homeless families. Perhaps because this is a stressful job, it is important to her that her employees feel they are able to develop as individuals and that their needs are met. Vicky illustrates the concept of ________ leadership.

17. Irina is an associate director in a medical research facility. Irina goes out of her way to help her employees, especially if she knows they are going through a rough time in their personal life. She always shows a strong desire to help and work for the benefit of others. Irina’s style of leading is ________ leadership.

18. George travels to Japan to learn about plastic injection molding techniques in a factory that is partnering with his factory in Tennessee. When he gets to the Japanese factory, he is surprised to see workers focusing much more on group goals rather than meeting their individual production rates. What George is witnessing is a(n) ________ culture.

19. Mika is a manager for a struggling company. Her employees have started to lose motivation due to pressures from stockholders. Mika meets with them and points out that the company depends on them to survive, and the employees start working extra hours and innovating to improve the situation. As Mika is able to get her employees to behave differently in the interests of the company, she demonstrates

20. Lamar works for a distribution center. He has been a receiving department shift supervisor for four years. Today, he started a new position as shift supervisor for all departments. Lamar is the same person he was yesterday and has the same style and approach to his job, but he now has the ability to make much larger purchases, to hire and fire people, and to move resources among departments. Lamar’s new powers are examples of ________ power.

21. Mitchell, the divisional manager at an airline company, has to consult with Lashawn when it comes to the hiring procedures of the company because Lashawn is a senior human resources manager. Lashawn enjoys the privileges of ________ power.

22. Because Ashanti is a department manager, she has reward power. As a result of this power, she

23. As regional manager, Nina is able to determine bonuses on her employees based on their performance. This means that Nina has ________ power.

24. Because Shuang is the assistant manager at Lucky Liquors, she is able to give or withhold tangible rewards. Therefore, Shuang is able to

25. Diaz manages a large department store, and as a result, she has the capacity to give the store’s employees written warnings, reduce their work hours if they are not productive, or fire them if they do not perform adequately. This is an example of her ________ power.

26. Giovanna, a construction crew supervisor, uses her coercive power effectively to motivate employees. Because of her coercive power, Giovanna is able to

27. The type of power that is based on the specialized knowledge and skills of the leader is ________ power.

28. Dory has been the marketing head at Pastel Painters for the last seven years. Her marketing plans are well formulated and executed. Based on her knowledgeable and proficient background, many colleges in the region invite Dory for a paper presentation on marketing. These invitations stem from her ________ power.

29. Lincoln is a dentist at a large practice. Unlike some of the other dentists at his practice, he is constantly reading dental journals and actively participating in dental discussion forums. He also attends at least three training events per year. He is better informed than any of the other dentists in his practice, and everyone who works there knows it and seeks him out for advice. Lincoln has a high level of ________ power.

30. Flynn carved his first bow and arrow set when he was five years old. Since then, he has handcrafted bows that he has used to win world archery championships, and it is generally accepted that his bows perform better than any other bows on the market. Recently, he was hired as a production supervisor to help a small archery company design equipment. Given Flynn’s background, what would be the best way for him to execute his leadership role?

31. Abraham oversees the contracts process at a major university. He has noticed that he spends much of his time checking over his subordinates’ work and authorizing them to submit contracts. Oftentimes, since the contracts are specialized by academic department and external agency, his employees have to explain to him what he is signing or authorizing. What should Abraham do to empower his employees so that they can improve efficiency by reducing the time they spend on these tasks?

32. The power of a leader that comes from the respect and loyalty of subordinates is known as ________ power.

33. When David realized the settings on the machine were slightly off so that the product on the assembly line was imperfect, he made the adjustments himself without having to go to his supervisor for permission. This illustrates the concept of

34. Tryon Tractors gives assembly-line workers the authority to shut down the production line whenever they believe that there is a quality defect in the production process. In granting this authority to their workers, Tryon has implemented

35. Shawnee Events Center gives its booth supervisors the authority to decide when to give a free ticket for a future event to a customer who has been to a performance that ended early or that experienced technical difficulties at some point. This is an example of

36. A factory supervisor allows a production worker to reject any parts that the worker feels do not measure up to the required quality standards. This is an example of

37. A production supervisor delegates to production workers the responsibility to schedule their own work activities depending on the job requirements on the daily schedule. This is an example of

38. Fatima scored extremely well on a variety of standardized tests, and her college grades were perfect. Egan, the human resources director for X-Solutions Group, said she aced all of his screening tests and was perhaps the most intelligent applicant he had ever encountered. Given what he currently knows about Fatima, Egan most likely feels she would be most useful to X-Solutions in a position

39. The premise that effective leaders possess personal qualities that set them apart from ineffective leaders is based on the ________ model.

40. Integrity and honesty help managers become effective leaders by helping them

41. Aaron has the leadership attribute of dominance, Bill has the attribute of honesty, Carmine has the attribute of maturity, and David has the attribute of stress tolerance. Ellen is going to have to either restructure her coal gasification facility or close it down due to uncertainty in the energy market. According to the trait model, which of the four leaders mentioned above should she hire to lead her facility through the upcoming transition?

42. Which trait related to effective leadership helps managers effectively influence subordinates and persist when faced with obstacles or difficulties?

43. Steven manages a nonprofit that provides housing assistance for low-income families. Whenever things do not go as he had planned, he calls employees into this office, curses at them, beats on his table, and says they are making him look bad. Which trait related to effective leadership is Steven lacking?

44. What trait related to effective leadership helps managers deal with the many demands they face?

45. Evan is the owner and manager of a tutoring company. He often lets his employees open the business when he has a busy morning, and he lets them record their own tutoring hours without verifying them because he trusts them fully. Evan is practicing

46. When Boris’s employee, Parnell, approached him to talk about Parnell’s sick child, Boris listened with empathy and suggested that Parnell work from home for a few days to lower his stress level. What is Boris displaying?

47. An assisted-living facility conducts friendly competitions between teams of employees and rewards them with bagels every Friday morning. The main purpose of these games is to promote togetherness in the organization. This effort by the management of the facility best describes

48. When a leader assigns work to a subordinate and makes sure that the work gets done acceptably, the leader is engaging in

49. When a leader motivates subordinates to do a good job, the leader is engaging in

50. Gena is the hiring manager for Wired Lines, an electrical wiring service. When she looks at the current state of the company, she sees that the employees and management do not have much mutual trust or respect, guidelines for performing jobs are very inconsistent and ambiguous, and the supervisors have little authority to make changes or take action. She feels that the situation is a mess, but she needs to hire a manager to oversee several teams of electricians. Which person should she hire to most effectively lead in this situation?

51. Riley manages a consumer loan center. Corporate has recently instituted new rules that have unintentionally doubled the workload on Riley’s employees. Riley sees many of his people crying, sighing, and putting their heads down in frustration. Riley knows he needs to help by using the most effective leadership style he can. According to path-goal theory, how should Riley lead his employees?

52. Which model of leadership takes into account the situation or context within which leadership occurs?

53. Savon is a line foreman in a metal fabricating plant. He often measures and inspects projects as they are being built and requires the workers to make changes or do things differently. Some employees like him, and some do not, but they all agree he makes sure every job gets done and gets done properly. Savon is a ________ type of leader.

54. Seok tries to get along with his subordinates and genuinely likes them and wants them to like him. Which type of leader is Seok?

55. According to Fiedler, what is a characteristic that managers cannot change based on the situation?

56. When they heard that the company might be laying off workers, the marketing team went to the director of marketing to inquire about it because they trusted the director to tell them the truth. After all, the director had always been honest with them in the past and they were in turn loyal to her. According to Fiedler, this is known as ________ relations.

57. Which term refers to the amount of legitimate, reward, and coercive power that a leader has by virtue of his or her position in an organization?

58. Fiedler used the term “leader style” to refer to

59. Which person best describes relationship-oriented leaders?

60. Fiedler uses the term “task structure” to refer to the

61. Asabi is a middle manager in a business office. She was put into the leadership role with little guidance and no clear expectations, and she now leads a team that is notoriously difficult. Her employees have never liked any supervisor, and do not like her. Given her situation, Asabi will likely be most successful if she is

62. The leadership model that focuses on how managers motivate subordinates by identifying their desired outcomes, rewarding them for high performance and the attainment of work goals with these desired outcomes is

63. Path-goal theory is a contingency model because it proposes that the steps managers should take to motivate subordinates depend on

64. The type of leadership behavior that is most similar to "initiating structure" of the behavior model is

65. Monaco’s subordinates cannot seem to get their work done on time. She has spoken with them, and they say it is just impossible to complete everything that is asked of them. Monaco knows they can do it, because she used to do the same job and once felt the same way before she figured it out. Monaco should deal with the situation by using ________ behavior.

66. The type of behavior that is the most similar to "consideration" of the behavior model is ________ behavior.

67. Participative behavior is used to

68. Bill, a construction crew leader, hires only carpenters that have the knowledge and skill to do all of his company’s jobs with little or no instruction or direct supervision. Bill’s hiring method serves as a type of

69. Which theory alerts managers that sometimes they do not need to exert influence over subordinates and thus can free up their time for other important activities?

70. The leadership substitutes model suggests that under certain conditions managers do not have to play a leadership role

71. Tyreek meets once a week with his employees. He discusses with them how they are making an important contribution to the company with their work and offers extra training to anyone who requests it. Tyreek’s leadership style most closely resembles ________ leadership.

72. Bella, the new CEO for FiberCast, a manufacturer of netting and rope, anonymously walked through her main facility and heard some workers complaining about having to do a meaningless job. As a transformational leader, what is the best way for Bella to respond to what she heard?

73. Josiah heads an insurance company that he would like to move to a higher level of performance. Lately, his managers have been telling him that there are some issues with how policies are being marketed, mainly due to the way management has structured its procedures for creating policies. One of the managers asks Josiah how they should deal with the employees in case they become aware of the problem. As a transformational leader, what is the best answer for Josiah to tell the manager?

74. What is a characteristic of a transformational manager?

75. Ali is an enthusiastic leader who believes in his ideas. Ali often stops to explain to other workers how badly he wants the company to succeed and how great life will be for all of them when they carry out his ideas. Ali is best described as a ________ leader.

76. Abilene is the CEO of a dental products supplier. Each week she holds pep rallies where she runs into the room and cheers, telling the employees how their company will revolutionize dental care around the world and how great their mission is. What type of leader is Abilene?

77. When a manager shares information with subordinates in such a way that they become aware of problems and the need for change, and in turn, they take ownership and view problems as challenges, the manager has engaged in which aspect of transformational leadership?

78. Hakeem manages a sheet metal shop, and he constantly looks for classes for his employees to take, searches for online videos describing better fabricating methods he can share with his employees, and tries to promote from within the shop. Haskeem is engaging in

79. Charles lets his employees know when there is a problem so they can all work to fix it. He even discusses problems that are the company’s fault and are typically withheld from employees. What type of manager is Charles?

80. Agatha oversees a sales call center for a mattress distributor. She motivates her subordinates primarily by giving them pay bonuses and longer breaks if they achieve high sales numbers, and by scheduling them for shifts they do not want to work and shortening their breaks if they achieve low sales. Agatha most reflects the style of a ________ leader.

81. What type of leadership most promotes trust by employees in their leaders and organizations?

82. A manager who is a transactional leader

83. Monette heads Destination Done, a delivery company that has posted negative earnings for several quarters. It is clear the company is having difficulties and needs a new approach. Which leadership approach is most likely to help Monette lead Destination Done to long-term effectiveness?

84. Carmine has been hired as a manager at Jump Up, a trampoline manufacturer. At Jump Up, several departments have never been led by a female, and some of the workers are resistant to following Carmine. Carmine can deal with this by

85. Paulo has been promoted to a position where he will be responsible for hiring employees for leadership roles in his firm. In which situation would Paulo most likely benefit the most from hiring a man rather than a woman?

86. Bodhi hires a lot of people in leadership roles at her cosmetics company. She knows that if she hires a female candidate instead of a male, the candidate is likely to

87. Compared to women, men as leaders tend to

88. Gender-based research on leader behaviors has found that

89. Claire’s manager won’t recommend her for a leadership position because he believes women are too emotional and not task-oriented enough. Her manager is perpetuating the

90. A leader's level of ________may play a particularly important role in leadership because it may help them develop a vision for their organizations, motivate their employees to commit to this vision, and energize them to enthusiastically work to achieve this vision.

91. Sanjay directs a team of creative writers for an advertising firm. He tells Susan, another team director, that she needs to be aware that creative writing creates a lot of strong feelings because motivation and inspiration can be very inconsistent. Sanjay has always done a fabulous job leading creative teams because he recognizes the thoughts and feelings involved in the process. Sanjay has a high degree of

92. In many ways, a major part of leadership effectiveness, including encouraging and supporting creativity among subordinates and helping leaders develop a vision for their organizations, is