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WorksheetsHomework: Protein Synthesis & Gene Mutations
Total questions: 51
Worksheet time: 26mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following components of a DNA molecule carries the genetic code?
a)
phosphate groups
b)
nitrogenous bases
c)
hydrogen bonds
d)
deoxyribose sugars
2.
The building blocks for proteins are
a)
nucleotides
b)
amino acids
c)
monsaccharides
d)
glycerol & fatty acids
3.
The genetic code is used to translate the information from DNA into proteins. The fact that genes from one organism can be spliced into another is evidence that
a)
each species has its own genetic code
b)
all living things use the same genetic code
c)
similar species have identical proteins
d)
genes are identical between species
4.
A short section of mRNA reads 3' CGGUAU 5' What DNA code probably produced this section of mRNA?
a)
5' GCCTUT 3'
b)
5' GCCAUT 3'
c)
5' ATTGCC 3'
d)
5' GCCATA 3'
5.
The fact that a strain of yeast (a type of fungi) with a certain defective gene can use the human version to repair itself is evidence that yeast and humans
a)
depend on the same food supply
b)
share a genetic code
c)
both have eukaryotic cells
d)
have identical DNA
6.
A sequence of a DNA template strand is shown. 3' TCC AAT GGC TTA TTT GCA 5'
a)
Arg - Leu - Pro - Asp - Lys - Arg
b)
Try - Phe - Leu - Gly - Asp - Phe
c)
Ser - Leu - Pro - Asp - Lys - Arg
d)
Try - Phe - Leu - Gly - Asp - Ser
7.
Human bone, muscle, and nerve cells all contain the same DNA. What enables these cells to perform specialized activities?
a)
The ability of some cells to remove unnecessary DNA sequences
b)
The regulation of gene expression within each cell type
c)
The mutation of genes not used in the cell
d)
Using unique methods of cell division
8.
a)
Insertion
b)
Deletion
c)
Frameshift
d)
Substitution
9.
a)
A silent mutation results in the insertion of a different amino acid
b)
A substitution occurs with the adenine base
c)
A deletion of a cytosine base occurs
d)
A base is inserted into one strand of the DNA
10.
a)
Mutations 1 & 3 only
b)
Mutation 1 only
c)
Mutation 2 only
d)
Mutations 1, 2, & 3
11.
a)
met - leu - his - asp - gly
b)
met - phe - his - asp - gly
c)
met - pro - his - asp - gly
d)
met - ser - his - asp - gly
12.
A medical test indicates that a patient has a defective protein. This condition is most likely due to a change in the directions coded in the
a)
number of hydrogen atoms in starch molecules
b)
sequence of monosaccharides in the carbohydrate chain
c)
number of carbon atoms in glucose
d)
Sequence of nucleotides in DNA
13.
What would happen if the first nucleotide "T" is removed from the following DNA sequence?
a)
The point mutation would cause protein synthesis to stop prematurely.
b)
The point mutation would cause a shift in the reading frame.
c)
The frameshift would change all of the amino acids in the sequence
d)
The frameshift would result in the synthesis of the same protein
14.
What process is being shown below?
a)
Replication
b)
Transcription
c)
Translation
15.
What is structure A?
a)
tRNA
b)
mRNA
c)
codon
d)
anticodon
e)
nucleus
16.
What is structure B?
a)
polypeptide
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
codon
e)
anticodon
17.
What is structure C?
a)
nucleus
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
codon
e)
anticodon
18.
What is structure D?
a)
ribosome
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
codon
e)
anticodon
19.
What is structure E?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
codon
d)
anticodon
e)
nucleus
20.
What is structure F?
a)
anticodon
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
codon
e)
nucleus
21.
What is structure G?
a)
codon
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
anticodon
e)
nucleus
22.
Which of the following describes a frameshift mutation?
a)
An amino acid sequence is stopped, shortening the protein.
b)
Insertion or deletion of nitrogen bases alter the reading frame.
c)
The identity of a single amino acid is changed in a protein.
d)
The mutation results in no change to the amino acid sequence.
23.
Which of the following describes a nonsense mutation?
a)
An amino acid sequence is stopped, shortening the protein.
b)
Insertion or deletion of nitrogen bases alter the reading frame.
c)
The identity of a single amino acid is changed in a protein.
d)
The mutation results in no change to the amino acid sequence.
24.
Which of the following describes a silent mutation?
a)
An amino acid sequence is stopped, shortening the protein.
b)
Insertion or deletion of nitrogen bases alter the reading frame.
c)
The identity of a single amino acid is changed in a protein.
d)
The mutation results in no change to the amino acid sequence.
25.
Genes from a sea coral can be transferred into a zebra fish to make it glow in response to ultraviolet light. The fact that genes from one species can be placed into another is evidence that all organisms
a)
produce the same collection of proteins
b)
contain membrane bound organelles
c)
share a common genetic code
d)
are genetically identical
26.
a)
DNA
b)
mRNA
c)
ribosome
d)
tRNA
27.
Where does the process shown below take place?
a)
ribosome
b)
nucleus
c)
vacuole
d)
lysosome
28.
Which of the following describes how RNA is different from DNA?
a)
Contains the nitrogen base uracil instead of thymine
b)
Has ribose sugar
c)
Is single stranded
d)
Can leave the nucleus
e)
All are correct
29.
In the 1960s the molecular biologist George Streisinger developed the strand-slippage hypothesis. Streisinger noticed that mutations occurred in areas of DNA that contained many repeat sequences. When a strand-slippage occurs, an insertion mutation can result. How does the insertion mutation affect the DNA?
a)
Nitrogenous bases are added
b)
Nitrogenous bases are exchanged
c)
Nitrogenous bases are damaged
d)
Nitrogenous bases are deleted
30.
List 4 environmental factors that can affect gene expression.
(a)
31.
What affects the expression of the coat color gene in these rabbits?
a)
light exposure
b)
temperature
c)
soil acidity
d)
nutrition
32.
What affects the expression of the flower color gene in these plants?
a)
light exposure
b)
temperature
c)
soil acidity
d)
nutrition
33.
Every cell in the body has the EXACT SAME DNA instructions. Which of the options below accurately explains why different cells look and function differently?
a)
Specialized cells will splice and discard portions of the DNA not needed by the cell to complete its function.
b)
Specialized cells borrow the portions of DNA they need from other cells.
c)
Specialized cells will only activate the portions of DNA they need to complete their function.
d)
Specialized cells only have the sections of DNA they need to do their job.
34.
Use the DNA code provided and fill in the complementary DNA strand. (Answer in ALL CAPS and NO spaces between letters)
(a)
35.
Use the DNA code provided and fill in the complementary DNA strand. (Answer in ALL CAPS and NO spaces between letters)
(a)
36.
Use the DNA code provided and fill in the complementary DNA strand. (Answer in ALL CAPS and NO spaces between letters)
(a)
37.
Which nitrogen base that is NOT used during replication?
(a)
38.
Which nitrogen base is not used during transcription?
(a)
39.
The first process of protein synthesis, where DNA is copied into mRNA is called
a)
replication
b)
transcription
c)
translation
40.
The second process of protein synthesis, where mRNA is read and converted into an amino acid chain is called
a)
replication
b)
transcription
c)
translation
41.
What is another name for a protein?
a)
amino acid
b)
peptide bond
c)
polypeptide
d)
monopeptide
42.
What if a mutation caused a change in the code so the message read UGG instead of UGC? How would this affect the protein produced?
(a)
43.
What if a mutation caused a change in the code so the message read GGA instead of GGC? How would this affect the protein produced?
(a)
44.
which process is shown?
a)
diffusion
b)
repiration
c)
recombination
d)
translation
45.
Which of the following best describes how DNA and RNA are similar?
a)
they both contain A and T
b)
They both have a double helix
c)
They are both composed of 5 different nucleotides
d)
they both have C and G
46.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
47.
Genetic info flows in one direction. Which best represents this flow?
a)
DNA-protein-RNA
b)
Protein-RNA-DNA
c)
RNA-protein-DNA
d)
DNA-RNA-protein
48.
A _________ is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein.
a)
gene
b)
mutation
c)
anti-codon (tRNA)
d)
codon (mRNA)
49.
Which is an example of a gene SUBSTITUTION mutation?
a)
TAC -> AGG
b)
TAC-> AU
c)
TAC -> AUUG
d)
TAC -> AUG
50.
Which is an example of a frame shift-INSERTION mutation?
a)
TAC -> AUUG
b)
TAC-> AU
c)
TAC -> AGG
d)
TAC -> AUG
51.
Which is an example of a frame shift-DELETION mutation?
a)
TAC-> AU
b)
TAC -> AGG
c)
TAC -> AUUG
d)
TAC -> AUG
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