True or False? Typically, with crude fat (ether extract) there is an overestimation.

True or False? Typically, with crude protein (Kjeldahl analysis) there is an underestimation.

True or false? There is typically a slight under-estimation of dry weight.

1 chemistry calorie = 1 kcal = 4.18 KJ (kilojoules)

The process of determining the ether extract aims to determine the:

In proximate analysis, after conducting ether extraction and...

1. Acid (Boiling, mimicking the acidity of the stomach, perhaps)

2. Alkali (Basic conditions, representing the SI)

   Which of the following nutrients are obtained TOGETHER?

Kjeldahl analysis aims to determine the:

The process of determining the ASH aims to determine the:

The process of determining the Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) aims to determine the:

What is the only tissue that can release glucose back into the blood?

Which of the following is not an organic nutrient class?

Which of the following is not a macronutrient?

True or False? Avoiding deficiency of a nutrient is the same as meeting the nutritional requirement.

What is the red labelled box indicating?

True or False? Apparent digestibility over-estimates true digestibility

What is the blue labelled box indicating?

What is the yellow labelled box indicating?

What is the green labelled box indicating?

T or F? The agricultural industry more interested in composition of dry matter while human food labelling is based on wet weight.

There are two assumptions made for the Kjeldahl analysis - one of these assumptions is that all protein contains _% nitrogen

Insoluble fibres are lost during the proximate analysis (determination of crude fibre). True or false?

In terms of dietary fibre, which is a non-digestible complex of CHO, which of the following are insoluble fibres?

In terms of dietary fibre, which is a non-digestible complex of CHO and a structural part of plants, which of the following are soluble fibres?

True or false? Measuring crude fibre under-estimates the actual dietary fibre content of feed by up to 50%.

Which of the following insoluble fibres are poorly fermented and prevent the fermentation of other fibres?

True or False? Fermentability refers to carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

T or F? Humans are foregut fermenters.

In animals with a simple system without a caecum, the main site for nutrient digestion and absorption is the:

In animals with a simple system without a caecum, the main site for fermentation

In animals with a simple system without a caecum, production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), also known as volatile fatty acids (VFA), occurs in the:

Circled in green is a:

True or False? CHO fermentation produces many compounds including lactate and SCFA.

In ruminants, the ____ can capture nutrients and trap foreign materials that are accidently swallowed. This component is also rich in bacteria (fermentation vat).

In ruminants, the ____ is the largest section of the stomach and is rich in bacteria (fermentation vat). It contains ____ papillae to increase SA for absorption. Food is mixed & partially broken down, and stored temporarily here.

In ruminants, the _____ filters large particles before they reach the SI. Reabsorption of water & some electrolytes also occur here.

In ruminants, the _____ is known as the ‘true stomach’, or glandular stomach due to digestive enzymes secreted from gastric glands (HCl, mucin, pepsinogen, lipase, etc). The _____ is similar to the stomach of monogastric animals.

The brush border is also known as:

Which of the following are micronutrients?

In terms of the process of digestion, an example of a catabolic hormone would be:

In terms of the process of digestion, an example of a anabolic hormone would be:

Ruminants have a _-directional esophagus

True or False? The Bomb Calorimeter measures the metabolizable energy of a compound.

Bomb calorimetry overestimates the energy obtained from the substance combusted.

T or F? The more double bonds, the more energy released (for equivalent chain length fatty acids).

T or F? Longer chain length releases more energy.

True or False? The tissues most reflective of the BMR are the muscles and bones

True or False? The process of determining ASH content gets rid of all organic material.

True or False? Soluble fibres decrease transit time.

Carbs are digested PRIMARILY in which of the following digestive organs?

α-amylase breaks what kind of glycosidic bonds?

alpha-dextrinase is also known as ______.

invertase is also known as ______.

Maltase breaks down maltose into...

The hexose monophosphate shunt occurs where?

The synthesis of glycogen is known as:

The process of glycogen being broken down into glucose is known as:

The process of glucose breakdown is known as:

An alternative pathway to glycolysis used to produce ribose-5-phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) - helps create material/nucleotides for our DNA

_____ is a hormone that increases your blood sugar level and prevents it from dropping to low

We need to eat essential fatty acids because we lack the enzymes necessary to insert double bonds beyond the _____ position of a fatty acid

True or False? The respiratory quotient = CO2 consumed / O2 produced

In the formula for basal metabolic rate, where BMR = A × [M^0.75] kcal/day, "A" represents:

In the formula for basal metabolic rate, where BMR = A × [M^0.75] kcal/day, "M" represents:

In an enterocyte, the apical side interacts with:

True or False? An essential nutrient is a chemical/substance that is required for metabolism and made in the body but not rapidly enough to meet the needs of an animal or human for one or more physiological functions.

If an individual had cancer and medical professionals examined medical notes to look at exposures that may have caused the disease (move backwards), this would be an example of what kind of epidemiological cohort study?

True or False? Though water enters our body through ingestion, most water in the body is a byproduct of metabolic reactions.

True or False? The most effective way to revert hyponatremia is by adding sodium to the diet.