the heart pumps approximately _____ Liters of blood per _____

The ______ side of the heart pumps blood to the _____ and back to the ______ of the heart through vessels of the PULMONARY CIRCULATION

The _____ side of the heart pumps blood to all the other tissues of the body and back to the _______side of the heart through vessels of the SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

contraction of the heart generate blood pressure, which forces blood through the blood vessels

The heart separates the pulmonary and systemic circulations, which ensures the flow of oxygen rich blood tissues.

changes in rate and force of heart contraction match blood flow to the changing metabolic needs of the tissues during rest, exercise and changes in body position.

The rounded point of the heart is the _____,

flat part at the opposite end of the heart is the _____ ,

the heart is located at the _________ cavity between the two _________ cavity that surrounds the lungs.

CPR

The heart lies in the _____________ , it is formed by the ________ , which surrounds the heart and anchors it within the mediastinum.

Which surrounds the heart and surrounds it within the mediastinum. Consist of TWO LAYERS.

(Pericardium)

the outer layer is tough fibrous connective tissues. __________

(Pericardium)

inner layer consist of flat epithelial cells

(Part of serous pericardium)

The part lining the fibrous pericardium is the _________

(Part of serous pericardium)

part covering the heart surface

_______________ helps to reduce friction as the heart moves within the pericardium . It is produced by the ___________

left and right atria are located at the ________ of the heart

right and left ventricles extend from the base of the heart toward the ________

separating artria and ventricles

extends inferiorly from the coronary sulcus on the anterior surface of the heart

extends inferiorly from the coronary sulcus on the posterior surface of the heart

carry blood from the body to the right atrium , and four pulmonary veins carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

systemic circulation (body)

(TRUE OR FALSE)

arteries -----> away -----> 0^2

veins --- balik --- deoxygenated

arising from the right ventricle splits into the right and left pulmonary arteries which only carry blood to the lungs.

arising from the left ventricle, carries blood to the rest side of the body.

two atria are separated from each other by partition called the

blood enters the ______ through blood vessels called veins

function primarily as reservoirs where blood returning from the veins collects before it enters ventricles.

separation of the two ventricles by the muscular _______

which is thicker left ventricle or right ventricle

the one flow of blood through the heart chambers is maintained by the ________

-superior chambers

-holding chambers

-small thin walled

-contract minimally to push blood into ventricles

-Inferior chambers

-Pumping chambers

-Thick strong walled

-contract forcefully to propel blood out of heart

valves between the atria and ventricles

-AV valve between RA and RV

-3 cusps

-AV valve between LA and LV

each ventricles contains cone-shaped, mascular pillars called

to the free margins of the cusps of the atrioventricular valves

is an inflamation of the serous pericardium ___________

is a potentially fatal condition in which fluid or blood accumulates in the pericardial cavity and compresses the heart from the outside

is located between each ventricle and its associated great artery

between the RV and pulmonary trunk

between LV and aorta

entrance chamber _________

cavities ___________

-a plate of connective tissues

-or fibrous skeleton, consist mainly of fibrous rings that surrounds the atrioventricular and semilunar valves and give them solid support

serves as a electrical insulation between atria and ventricles and provides a rigid attachment site for cardiac muscles.

(BLOOD THROUGH HEART)

-next to pulmonary veins is ____________

•supply blood to heart wall

•originate from base of aorta (above aortic semilunar valve)

•has 3 branches

•supply blood to anterior heart wall and left ventricle

•originates on right side of aorta

•supply blood to right ventricle

•drain blood from the cardiac muscle

•parallel to the coronary arteries

•most drain blood into the coronary sinus

•from the coronary sinus into the right atrium

•surface of heart (outside)

•thick, middle layer composed of cardiac muscle

•smooth, inner surface

1 centrally located nucleus

Branching cells

Rich in mitochondria

Striated (actin and myosin)

Ca2+ and ATP used for contractions

Intercalated disks connect cells

Changes in membrane channels’ permeability are responsible for producing action potentials and is called

•Na+ channels open

•Ca2+ channels open

•Na+ channels close

•Some K+ channels open

•Ca2+ channels remain open

•K+ channels are open

•Ca2+ channels close

prolongs action potential by keeping Ca2+ channels open.

action potentials take 2 msec, in cardiac muscle they take 200-500 msec.

Contraction of the atria and ventricles is coordinated by specialized cardiac muscle cells in the heart wall that form the ____________

•in RA

•where action potential originates

•functions as pacemaker

•large number of Ca2+ channels

•located in the lower portion of the right atrium

•action potentials from SA node sent to this node

•action potentials spread slowly through it

•slow rate of action potential conduction allows the atria to complete their contraction before action potentials are delivered to the ventricles

•action potentials from AV node travel to AV bundle

•AV bundle divides into a left and right bundle branches

•at the tips of the left and right bundle branches, are

•pass to the apex of the heart and then extend to the cardiac muscle of the ventricle walls

•action potentials are rapidly delivered to all the cardiac muscle of the ventricles

•record of electrical events in heart

•diagnoses cardiac abnormalities

•uses electrodes

•contains P wave, QRS complex, T wave

•depolarization of atria

•depolarization of ventricles

•contains Q, R, S waves

repolarization of ventricles

is a summative description of all the events that occur during one single heartbeat.

contraction of atria

Normal BP

•contraction of ventricles

•relaxation of atria _______

•relaxation of ventricles ________

Unsay tingog sa imong first heartbeat

unsay tingog sa imong second hearbeat

The first heart sound is due to the closure of the

The second heart sound is due to the closure of the

•volume of blood pumped per ventricle per contraction

•70 milliliters/beat

•number of heart beats in 1 min.

•72 beats/min.

•volume of blood pumped by a ventricle in 1 min.

•5 Liters/min.

refers to the mechanisms contained within the heart itself that control cardiac output.

•the degree ventricular walls are stretched at end of diastole

•relationship between preload and stroke volume

•influences cardiac output

•Example - exercise increases venous return, preload, stroke volume, and cardiac output

•pressure against which ventricles must pump blood

is a mechanism of the nervous system that plays an important role in regulating heart function.

•monitor blood pressure in the aorta and carotid arteries

•changes in blood pressure cause changes in

•frequency of action potentials

•involves the medulla oblongata

•due to decrease blood supply to the heart

•coronary arteries are narrowed for some reason

•procedure opens blocked blood vessels

•tiny tube inserted to open or keep open coronary vessels

•procedure reroutes blood away from blocked arteries