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Midterm Review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 16mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Proteins are polymers formed from 
a)
lipids.
b)
carbohydrates.
c)
amino acids.
d)
nucleic acids.
2.
DNA is a polymer formed from 
a)
fatty acids. 
b)
monosaccharides.
c)
amino acids.
d)
nucleotides.
3.
Which is a Carbohydrate's monomer?
a)
fatty acids
b)
Amino acids
c)
Monosacharide
d)
Nucleotide
4.
Organic molecules that always contain carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, often in a 1:2:1 ratio
a)
carbohydrates
b)
functional groups
c)
enyzme
d)
monosaccaride
5.
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in your body?
a)
Speed up chemical reactions.
b)
Give immediate energy.
c)
Help to store energy.
d)
Build cell walls in plants.
6.
A type of biological molecule that includes fats, oils, hormones, waxes, and components of cellular membranes ...
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
7.
Which polymer group is used as STORED energy?
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
amino acid
8.
In polymerization, complex molecules are formed by the joining together of
a)
macromolecules.
b)
carbohydrates.
c)
polymers.
d)
monomers.
9.
Which elements make up about 96% of all living things? 
a)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
b)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus
c)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Helium, Oxygen
d)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Calcium, Oxygen 
10.
This organic compound is known as the building blocks of our body & has many enzymes that each have a special function: 
a)
Nucleic Acids
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Proteins
d)
Lipids 
11.
This is the name for the building block or monomer for Lipids: 
a)
Fatty acid & Glycerol
b)
Amino Acid
c)
Monosaccharide
d)
Nucleotide
12.
This organic compound or macromolecule is made up of sugar, phosphate & nitrogen base: 
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Protein
c)
Lipid
d)
Nucleic Acid
13.
The diagram below illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms. What is another name for the substance labeled "catalyst"?
a)
Enzyme
b)
inorganic compound
c)
Hormone
d)
Antibody
14.
Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?
a)
Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions
b)
 Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquids during the reactions.
c)
The reactions take up too much space in the cell if the enzymes are missing.
d)
The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing. 
15.
What will most likely happen if an appropriate enzyme is added to a chemical reaction? 
a)
The reaction rate will increase.
b)
The equilibrium of the reaction will be maintained. 
c)
The reaction rate will decrease.
d)
The reaction will stop. 
16.

In a model of the water molecule - what do the ears of the shape Mickey Mouse represent? What is the charge of this particle of the water molecule? Choose two.

a)

Hydrogen atoms

b)

Oxygen atoms

c)

negative charge

d)

positive charge

17.

What is the attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other? This is the property of a water molecule that allows it to stick to other substances.

a)

adhesion

b)

cohesion

c)

specific heat

d)

universal solvent

18.

What is the force that holds molecules of a single substance together and its the property of water that allows one water molecule to stick to other water molecules?

a)

cohesion

b)

adhesion

c)

specific heat

d)

universal solvent

19.

Water molecules are polar molecules. What is meant by the term polar molecule?

a)

a molecule that has no charge on one end and either an overall negative or positive charge on the other end

b)

a molecule that has an overall positive charge on one end, as well as an overall positive charge on the other end

c)

a molecule that has an overall negative charge on one end, as well as an overall negative charge on the other end

d)

a molecule that has an overall positive charge on one end and an overall negative charge on the other end

20.

The positive particles of an atom are ___________.

a)

electrons

b)

protons

c)

neutrons

21.

The center of an atom where its neutrons and protons are is called the _____________.

a)

nucleus

b)

electron cloud

c)

center

22.

An atom with atomic number 6 would have how many protons?

a)

6

b)

12

c)

3

23.

Particles in an atom that are neutral and have no charge are

a)

protons

b)

electrons

c)

neutrons

24.
What does the 1.00794 stand for?
a)
Hydrogen
b)
atomic number
c)
atomic mass
d)
atomic explosion
25.
What is the number of protons that the element in this image contain?
a)
14
b)
7
c)
15
d)
18
26.
What does the nucleus of an atom contain?
a)
Electrons and neutrons
b)
Protons and neutrons
c)
Neutrinos and positrons
d)
DNA and RN
27.
The process by which the body breaks down food so that it can be used for energy.
a)
composition
b)
digestion
c)
deposition
d)
absorption
28.

waves of muscle contractions (squeezing)

a)

stomach

b)

small intestine

c)

peristalsis

29.

Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place

a)

pancreas

b)

small intestine

c)

liver

30.

produces bile to break up fat particles

a)

pancreas

b)

large intestine

c)

liver

31.

absorbs water into bloodstream

a)

gall bladder

b)

large intestine

c)

liver

32.
Chewing, grinding, and churning are examples of...
a)
mechanical digestion
b)
chemical digestion
33.
Which of the following helps digest starch in the mouth...
a)
salivary amylase
b)
lysozymes
c)
mucin
d)
bolus
34.

What are these structures call that are found on the lining of the small intestine?

a)

Gallbladder

b)

Villi

c)

Sphincter

d)

Duodenum

35.

This organ produces several enzymes that chemically break down food, food does not pass through this organ

a)

liver

b)

pancreas

c)

gall bladder

d)

stomach

36.
When you breathe, your lungs take in ___ and remove ___. 
a)
air/oxygen
b)
oxygen/carbon dioxide 
c)
carbon dioxide/waste 
d)
waste/air 
37.
The air sacs that are covered with capillaries where gas exchange takes place
a)
bronchi
b)
lungs
c)
oxygen
d)
alveoli
38.

Where are the alveoli located?

a)

Between the larynx and pharynx

b)

Between the bronchi and bronchioles

c)

At the end of the bronchioles

39.

What is the name of the muscle located under the lungs?

a)

Diaphragm

b)

Trachea

c)

Alveoli

d)

Bronchi

40.

Arteries carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart.

a)

True

b)

False

41.

Veins carry oxygen poor blood back to the heart.

a)

False

b)

True

42.
______________ are the smallest blood vessels.
a)
Arteries
b)
Veins
c)
Capillaries
43.
The main function of the circulatory system is 
a)
To give the body structure and support
b)
Excrete waste
c)
transport blood, nutrients, and gases throughout the body
d)
to transport messages from the body to the brain
44.

State one reason why blood at location B contains more oxygen than blood at location A.

a)

because blood at location A goes to the lungs

b)

because blood at location A comes from the lungs

c)

because blood at location B comes from the lungs

d)

because blood at location B goes to the lungs

45.

The human body has specialized cells, such as white blood cells, to help protect it from many diseases. Describe what these specialized cells do to protect the body from the disease.

a)

they carry oxygen

b)

they fight and destroy germs

c)

they give blood its color

d)

they clot when we get a cut

46.

What are the main functions of the excretory system?

a)

deliver oxygen to the body

b)

deliver nutrients to the body

c)

remove water and waste from the body

d)

remove disease from the body

47.

Blood is cleaned by which organs?

a)

Lungs

b)

Ribs

c)

Kidneys

d)

Intestines

48.

Which of the following is the sugar which is the main source of fuel for our body cells?

a)

Glucose

b)

Glycogen

c)

Bile

d)

Fats

49.

The pancreas, liver, and gallbladder are known as...

a)

accessory organs

b)

the digestive tract

c)

acid makers

d)

digestion helpers

50.

The excretory system is responsible for moving toxic wastes, dissolved molecules, and excess heat. You would conclude that the excretory system contributes to

a)

circulating molecules around the body

b)

maintaining homeostasis in the body

c)

producing glucose

d)

gas exchange

51.

Which of the following are NOT found in animal cells

a)

chloroplasts and cytoplasm

b)

chloroplasts and cell wall

c)

cell wall and cell membrane

d)

cell wall and nucleus

52.

What do vacuoles do?

a)

They give the cells their shape.

b)

They protect the cell.

c)

They are the brain of the cell.

d)

They are used for storage.

53.
If you were some bad guy trying to sneak into an animal cell, who would be there to stop you?
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
cell membrane
d)
cell wall
54.
Which of the following lists these levels in the correct order of organization from the simplest to the most complex?
a)
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
b)
organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells
c)
tissues, cells, organs, organisms, organ systems
d)

organs, organ systems, organisms, cells, tissues

55.
What are tiny organelles that convert glucose into ATP?
a)
Ribosomes
b)
Vesicles
c)
Cytoskeleton
d)
Mitochondria
56.
What type of cell has a defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
a)
Bacteria
b)
Prokaryote
c)
Eukaryote
d)
Archaeabacteria
57.
What type of cell does not have a defined nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
a)

Animal Cell

b)
Prokaryote
c)
Eukaryote
d)

Plant Cell

58.
The cell shown is a(n) ______ cell.
a)
Eukaryotic
b)
Prokaryotic
59.
These cells contain ribosomes...
a)
Eukaryotic
b)
Prokaryotic
c)
Both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic do
d)
Neither Do
60.
Bacteria cells are an example of which type of cell?
a)
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
b)
Prokaryotic
c)
Eukaryotic
61.

Animals, Plants, Fungi, and Protista

a)

Eukaryotic

b)

Prokaryotic

62.
What is the diffusion of water?
a)
osmosis
b)
active transport
c)
diffusion
d)
facilitated diffusion
63.
Which type of movement requires energy?
a)
osmosis
b)
active transport
c)
diffusion
d)
facilitated diffusion
64.
What are the three types of passive transport?
a)
osmosis, diffusion, active transport
b)
active transport, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
c)
diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
d)
facilitated diffusion, active transport, diffusion
65.
Which type of movement has channels that help large molecules move through the cell membrane?
a)
active transport
b)
diffusion
c)
osmosis
d)
facilitated diffusion
66.
Which type of movement has proteins that act like pumps to move molecules through the cell membrane?
a)
active transport
b)
diffusion
c)
osmosis, 
d)
facilitated diffusion
67.

What type of solution is a cell in when it gets bigger than normal while in tap water?

a)

hypertonic

b)

isotonic

c)

hypotonic

68.

What type of solution is a cell in when it shrinks while in salt water?

a)

hypertonic

b)

isotonic

c)

hypotonic

69.
What three substances make up the cell membrane?
a)
lipids, starches, nucleic acids
b)
lipids, fats, sugars
c)
lipids, sugars, proteins
d)
lipids, proteins, carbohydrates
70.
What uses proteins (the proteins make a channel) to move molecules across the a membrane. It does not require energy
a)
osmosis
b)
diffusion
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
active transport
71.
What does hydrophobic mean?
a)
Likes water as a friend
b)
Dissolves in water
c)
Loves water
d)
Hates water
72.
The picture is an example of...
a)
active transport
b)
passive transport
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
73.
What type of solution is this cell in?
a)
Isotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Hypotonic
d)
diffused
74.
The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is made up of a lipid bilayer in which hydrophilic heads face outward and hydrophobic tails face inward.
This arrangement within the cell membrane allows it to 
a)
fuse with ribosomes during DNA replication.
b)
absorb water from the cytoplasm whenever necessary.
c)
keep out all viral and bacterial infections.
d)
control the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
75.

Match the following organelles

a)

Nucleus

1.

Contains the codes & information for protein synthesis

b)

Rough ER

2.

Transports the proteins

c)

Golgi

3.

Packages the proteins

d)

Mitochodrion

4.

Supplies ATP to all organelles

e)

Ribosomes

5.

Synthesizes the proteins

76.
Which of the following is an enzyme filled organelle that breaks down waste in the cell?
a)
lysosomes
b)
chloroplast
c)
mitochondria 
d)
Golgi apparatus 
77.
Which of these is NOT a part of the Cell Theory?
a)
All cells are independent.
b)
Cells are the basic unit of living things. 
c)
All living things are one or more cells.
d)
Cells come from cells.
78.
Which choice correctly shows the gases that enter and exit plants during photosynthesis?
a)
Enter: Oxygen
Exit: Carbon dioxide
b)
Enter: Water vapor
Exit: Glucose
c)
Enter: Carbon dioxide
Exit: Oxygen
d)
Enter: Light
Exit: Water vapor
79.
Which of the following is an example of an AUTOTROPH?
a)
Appletree
b)
Dog
c)
Mushroom
d)
Human
80.
What is the ultimate ORIGINAL source of energy for living things
a)
Sugar
b)
Sun
c)
Moon
d)
Carbon Dioxide
81.

What is the pigment in chloroplasts that performs photosynthesis?

a)

Chlorosynthesis

b)

Chlorophyll

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Green

82.
The formula for glucose is...
a)
C12 H22 O11
b)
NaCl
c)
NaOH
d)
C6 H12 O6
83.
This image shows the process of _____.
a)
Respiration
b)
Photosystem I
c)
Dark Reactions
d)
Photosynthesis
84.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
a)
water and carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen and glucose
c)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
d)
oxygen and water
85.

Oxygen (O2) is a product during which reaction?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Cellular Respiration

86.
Which organelle allows plants to convert solar energy into chemical energy?
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Vesicle
d)
ER
87.
Cellular respiration is a cellular process that occurs in the cells of –
a)
plants
b)
Plants and Animals
c)
Animals
d)
None
88.
Which of the following must be available for aerobic respiration to take place?
a)
Hydrogen Sulfide
b)
Oxygen
c)
Carbon Dioxide
d)
Nitrogen
89.
The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration and the organelles in which they occur.Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?
a)
 Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis.
b)
Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.
c)
Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration.
d)
 Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.
90.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
b)
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
c)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
91.
After strenuous exercise, a muscle cell would contain decreased amounts of ______ and increased amounts of ______ ____
a)
glucose, ATP
b)
ATP, glucose
c)
oxygen, lactic acid
d)
lactic acid, ATP
92.
Is ADP or ATP more like a fully charged battery, and why?
a)
ADP, because it has three phosphate groups; breaking and reforming the bonds among them releases energy.
b)
ATP, because it has three phosphate groups; breaking and reforming the bonds among them releases energy.
c)
ADP, because it has two phosphate groups; breaking and reforming the bonds among them releases energy.
d)
ATP, because it has two phosphate groups; breaking and reforming the bonds among them releases energy.
93.

If you wanted to produce more energy, what pathway would you choose?

a)

aerobic

b)

anaerobic

94.

The primary source of energy for planet earth is sunlight. Since animals cannot absorb and light directly, how do animals obtain energy?

a)

They obtain energy indirectly from photosynthesis in plants

b)

They eat other animals which make their own energy

c)

They eat mushrooms which grow in the dark

d)

They get energy from gaseous molecules in the air

95.

Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for photosynthesis?

a)

6CO₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂+ light energy in Chlorophyll ---> H₂0

b)

CO₂ + H₂0 + light energy in Chlorophyll ---> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

c)

6CO₂ + 6H₂0 + light energy in Chlorophyll ---> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

d)

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ ---> 6CO₂ + 6H₂0 + ATP

96.
All of the carbon in existence is continually recycled in the carbon cycle
a)
True
b)
False
97.

Because carbon has 4 valence electrons

a)

it can form up to 4 covalent bonds

b)

it can form ionic bonds

c)

it can form only double bonds

d)

it can form covalent bonds with H only

98.

The four groups of organic compounds are

a)

sugar, salt, water, oxygen

b)

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids

c)

carbon dioxide, methane, proteins, lipids

d)

oxygen, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids

99.

Which of the following are almost always hydrophobic?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

100.

What element if the building block of life?

a)

Carbon

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Oxygen

d)

Nitrogen

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