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Biology Module 1 Keystone Review

Total questions: 55

Worksheet time: 3hrs 3mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of these properties of water enables fish to survive in ponds and lakes throughout winter?
a)
strong adhesion
b)
high surface tension
c)
strong capillary action
d)

low density in its solid state (ice floats)

2.
Cellulase is an enzyme some organisms use to digest cellulose, which is present in plant cell walls.  Which statement best describes the role of cellulase in this reaction?
a)
It increases the time it takes the reaction to occur.
b)
It changes the pH of cells in which the reaction occurs.
It raises the temperature at which the reaction can occur.
c)
It raises the temperature at which the reaction can occur.
d)
It reduces the amount of energy needed to start the reaction.
3.
Which of these is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
a)
the manufacture of proteins by embedded ribosomes
b)
the identification of lipids to be digested by lysosomes
c)
the modification and routing of proteins to their destination
d)
the temporary storage of lipids that will be sent outside the cell
4.
Which statement correctly describes osmosis?
a)
It uses energy to move molecules across the plasma membrane.
b)
It uses carrier proteins to move molecules across the plasma membrane.
c)
It moves water from where it is in higher concentration toward a lower concentration.
d)
It moves solutes from a more concentrated solution into a less concentrated solution.
5.
Which of these shows levels of organization in the human body in increasing order of complexity?
a)
cardiac muscle cells  cardiac tissue   heart (organ)  circulatory system
b)
cardiac tissue  cardiac muscle cells   heart(organ)  circulatory system
c)
cardiac muscle cells  circulatory system  cardiac tissue  heart(organ)
d)
heart(organ)  cardiac muscle cells   circulatory system   cardiac tissue
6.
Which statement describes a process that occurs in mitochondria?
a)
Energy is stored in glucose molecules.
b)
Energy is released from glucose molecules.
c)
Chemical energy is transformed into light energy.
d)
Light energy is transformed into chemical energy.
7.
Why is a plasma membrane described as "selectively permeable"?
a)
It only allows water to pass into or out of a cell.
b)
It allows substances to pass into but not out of a cell.
c)
It allows substances to pass out of but not into a cell.
d)
It only allows certain substances to pass into or out of a cell.
8.
In the human digestive system, the enzyme pepsin is present in acidic areas, while the enzyme trypsin is present in less acidic areas.  Which of these statements most likely describes a difference in how they function?
a)
Pepsin functions optimally at a lower pH level that trypsin.
b)
Trypsin functions optimally at a lower pH level than pepsin.
c)
Pepsin functions optimally at a lower temperature than trypsin.
d)
Trypsin functions optimally at a higher temperature than pepsin.
9.
How do a carbon atom's available electrons allow it to form biological macromolecules?
a)
Carbon can bond with most elements except itself.
b)
Carbon can bond with a few other elements and itself.
c)
A carbon atom can form bonds with up to six other atoms.
d)
A carbon atom can form bonds with up to four other atoms.
10.
Which of these pathways best shows transformation of energy first by the chloroplasts and then by the mitochondria?
a)
Light --> heat --> ATP
b)
light --> ATP --> heat
c)
light --> carbohydrate bonds --> heat
d)
light --> carbohydrate bonds --> ATP
11.
Life functions are performed at many levels of biological organization. Which level of biological organization is the simplest level at which a structure can support life functions? 
a)
cell
b)
tissue
c)
organelle
d)
organ system
12.
The opening of the stomata allows water to evaporate from inside the leaf in a process known as transpiration. As this occurs, water molecules cling to one another and pull water in a continuous stream up the stem of the plant from the roots to the leaves. Which property of water makes this movement possible? 
a)
cohesion
b)
freezing
c)
high specific heat
d)
temperature-dependent density
13.

A theory in which early eukaryotic cells were formed by engulfing simpler prokaryotes

a)

Plastid

b)

Ribosome

c)

Endosymbiosis

d)

Eukaryote

14.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
15.
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
a)
Protein
b)
Carbohydrate
c)
Lipid
d)
Nucleic Acid
16.
Enzymes need certain environmental conditions in order to function properly.  What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
a)
they die
b)
they denature
c)
they change their amino acid sequence
d)
they work better
17.
What molecule is this?
a)
monosaccharide
b)
nucleic acid
c)
amino acid
d)
fatty acid
18.
Which organic molecule is paired with its function?
a)
nucleic acid : to store energy
b)
proteins : to provide insulation
c)
lipids : to regulate metabolic 
d)
carbohydrate : to provide quick–release energy
19.
Glycerol and fatty acids combine to form...?
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
20.
Hydrolysis literally means
a)
To join with water
b)
To split with oil
c)
To split with water
d)
To join with oil.
21.
Carbohydrates are made of... 
a)
C H O
b)
C H O N
c)
C H O N P
d)
C H O N S
22.
Which macromolecule is shown?
a)
lipid
b)
protein
c)
nucleic acid
d)
carbohydrate
23.
This type of cell does not have bound compartments.
a)
eukaryote
b)
prokaryote
24.
Which statement best explains why cellular respiration in plants and other organisms is dependent on photosynthesis? 
a)
Photosynthesis is one of the final steps in cellular respiration.
b)
Photosynthesis provides the materials that fuel cellular respiration. 
c)
Photosynthesis absorbs excess energy produced by cellular respiration. 
d)
Photosynthesis absorbs materials that are catalyzed during cellular respiration. 
25.
Molecules Needed for Protein Synthesis
      mRNA
      tRNA
      amino acids
      ATP molecules
A plant cell uses the molecules in the list to synthesize a protein. What role do the ATP molecules play in the protein synthesis process? 
a)
They provide energy. 
b)
They increase activation energy. 
c)
They convert energy into hereditary information. 
d)
They absorb excess energy to prevent overheating 
26.
Which statement best describes how active transport differs from passive transport? 
a)
Only active transport requires ATP. 
b)
Only active transport moves small particles. 
c)
Only active transport relies on a plasma membrane. 
d)
Only active transport allows substances to leave a cell. 
27.
All living organisms must maintain homeostasis in order to survive. Which statement best describes one way humans maintain homeostasis? 
a)
Temperature is regulated by giving off carbon dioxide. 
b)
Water content is regulated by giving off carbon dioxide. 
c)
Temperature is regulated by sweating. 
d)
Water content is regulated by sweating. 
28.
Which of these is present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
a)
nucleus
b)
ribosome
c)
chloroplast
d)
mitochondrion
29.
Which characteristic is shared by all organisms?
a)
ability to reproduce
b)
use of specialized cells
c)
ability to convert light into energy
d)
use of nuclei to direct cell activities
30.
Which two substances are products of photosynthesis and reactants of cellular respiration?
1. water
2. oxygen
3. glucose
4. carbon dioxide
a)
substances 1 and 2
b)
substances 1 and 4
c)
substances 2 and 3
d)
substances 3 and 4
31.
Which statement correctly describes one difference between the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
a)
Photosynthesis produces oxygen, and cellular respiration uses oxygen.
b)
Photosynthesis takes place in eukaryotes, and cellular respiration takes place in prokaryotes.
c)
Photosynthesis produces more ATP than it uses, and cellular respiration uses more ATP than it produces.
d)
Photosynthesis changes chemical energy to light energy, and cellular respiration changes light energy to chemical energy.
32.
Which statement describes one reason for carbon's central role in macromolecules?
a)
It bonds only with other noncarbon atoms.
b)
It can form single, double, and triple bonds.
c)
It shares four electrons with every atom it bonds to.
d)
It forms macromolecules in rings rather than in chains.
33.
The DNA polymerases are enzymes used in DNA replication and are present in all organisms. The graph below shows the relationship of temperature and reaction rate for a DNA polymerase from a human cell.  What does the graph indicate about how temperature affects the human DNA polymerase?
a)
The reaction stops occurring at about 37oC
b)
The slo reaction rate occurs at about 37oC.
c)
The maximum reaction rate occurs at about 37oC
d)
The greatest activation energy is needed at about 37oC.
34.

A scientist observes a single-celled organism with several long, whip-like tails. Which function do the whip-like tails most likely perform for the organism?

a)

defense against predators

b)

movement through an environment

c)

detection of the location of a light source

d)

measurement of atmospheric temperature changes

35.

Trees are typically able to transport water from their roots to their stems and leaves. Which statement describes the property of water that most supports the transportation of water to all parts of a tree?

a)

Water forms a crystalline structure when it freezes.

b)

Water dissolves fewer substances than any other liquid.

c)

Water has strong attractions to itself and many other molecules.

d)

Water can absorb large amounts of energy with minimal temperature changes.

36.

Which process best describes the assembly of proteins from amino acids?

a)

Atoms are linked to form a compound.

b)

Monomers are linked to form a polymer.

c)

Atoms are added to a monomer until it becomes a polymer.

d)

Molecules are added to a compound until it becomes a monomer.

37.

Which biological molecules are most likely represented by molecules 1 and 2?

a)

molecule 1: lipid

molecule 2: nucleic acid

b)

molecule 1: lipid

molecule 2: protein

c)

molecule 1: carbohydrate

molecule 2: nucleic acid

d)

molecule 1: carbohydrate

molecule 2: protein

38.

Which of the following is most involved in providing structure for a plasma membrane?

a)

the number of protein channels embedded in the membrane

b)

the types of carbohydrates attached to proteins on the surface

c)

the types of proteins that are attached to the surface of the membrane

d)

the arrangement of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends of the phospholipids

39.

What cell process is best modeled by the diagram?

a)

osmosis

b)

exocytosis

c)

passive transport

d)

facilitated diffusion

40.

A cell in the leaf of a green plant performs both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, often at the same time. Which statement best describes how these processes are related to each other?

a)

Both processes produce carbon dioxide.

b)

Both processes require energy directly from the sun.

c)

Products of one process are used as some of the reactants for the other process.

d)

Thermal energy from one process is used as the energy source for the other process.

41.

Which statement best describes how channel and carrier proteins in the plasma membrane are similar?

a)

Both allow for the flow of molecules into and out of a cell.

b)

Both directly connect the membrane to the nucleus of a cell.

c)

Both use energy to continuously move water molecules out of a cell.

d)

Both cause the phospholipid bilayer to form a rigid membrane for a cell.

42.
All living organisms must maintain homeostasis in order to survive. Which statement best describes one way humans maintain homeostasis? 
a)
Temperature is regulated by giving off carbon dioxide. 
b)
Water content is regulated by giving off carbon dioxide. 
c)
Temperature is regulated by sweating. 
d)
Water content is regulated by sweating. 
43.
This beaker has three membranes. Each is permeable to water but not to calcium (Ca) ions. A researcher pours four concentrations of calcium ions in water into the chambers. In which chamber will the water level be highest when equilibrium is reached?
a)
chamber 1
b)
chamber 2
c)
chamber 3
d)
chamber 4
44.

Which statement best compares eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

a)

Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells.

b)

Prokaryotic cells are more complex than eukaryotic cells.

c)

Prokaryotic cells contain a distinct central organelle, and eukaryotic cells do not.

d)

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells do not.

45.

Each cell in the human body contains thousands of different enzymes responsible for regulating reactions within the cell. Which statement explains why a single enzyme is unable to regulate a variety of reactions?

a)

The binding of a product and an enzyme is specific.

b)

The binding of a substrate and an enzyme is specific.

c)

The enzyme is consumed by the products of the reactions.

d)

The enzyme is consumed by the substrates of the reactions.

46.

Which statement best describes a function of the proteins embedded in the plasma membrane of cells? (BIO.A.4.1.1 2019)

a)

They provide instructions for the processes in the cell.

b)

They selectively allow certain particles into and out of the cell.

c)

They attract charges in the cell’s environment to give the cell a net charge.

d)

They store the energy required by the rest of the membrane to perform its functions.

47.

How does a mitochondrion facilitate the movement of some materials between cells? (BIO.A.4.1.3 2019)

a)

It supplies the energy needed for moving molecules through membranes.

b)

It manufactures the proteins needed to form channels in cell membranes.

c)

It supplies digestive substances that break large molecules into smaller units.

d)

It produces fibers that attach to molecules and move them through the cytoplasm.

48.

Plants are dependent on water. In most plants, water is absorbed by the roots and then moves up the stem of the plant and into the leaves by capillary action. Which properties of water are most responsible for the capillary action in plants?

a)

adhesion and cohesion

b)

low density and adhesion

c)

polarity and high specific heat

d)

high specific heat and cohesion

49.

Plant cells use sunlight to make their own food. Which structure allows plant cells to perform this function?

a)

A. nucleus

b)

B. vacuole

c)

C. chloroplast

d)

D. mitochondrion

50.

A group of organic compounds composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen including a proportionately smaller amount of oxygen; are insoluble in water, serve as a source of stored energy, and are a component of cell membranes.

a)

Nucleic Acids

b)

Proteins

c)

Carbohydrates

d)

Lipids

51.

A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of the elements C, H, N, O, and P that carries genetic information.

a)

nucleic acid

b)

protein

c)

carbohydrate

d)

lipid

52.

A protein that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction; an organic catalyst.

a)

carbohydrate

b)

enzyme

c)

lipid

d)

nucleic acid

53.
Which transport mechanisms require the formation of a vesicle to transport material into or out of a cell?
a)
diffusion and osmosis
b)
exocytosis and endocytosis
c)
exocytosis and calcium pumps
d)
diffusion and facilitated diffusion
54.

A proposed scientifically testable explanation for an observation

a)

theory

b)

homeostasis

c)

questioning

d)

hypothesis

55.

A single-celled organism that lack a nucleus and organelles

ex: bacteria, including cyanobacteria

a)

prokaryotic

b)

onecellular

c)

polycellular

d)

eukaryotic

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