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Central Dogma in Biology

Total questions: 56

Worksheet time: 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is the relationship between a protein, the cell, and DNA?
a)
DNA is produced by protein which is produced in the cell
b)
Protein is composed of DNA which is produced in the cell
c)
DNA controls the production of protein in the cell
d)
A cell is composed of DNA and protein
2.
Genetic info flows in one direction. Which best represents this flow?
a)
DNA-protein-RNA
b)
Protein-RNA-DNA
c)
RNA-protein-DNA
d)
DNA-RNA-protein
3.
The diagram shows the process of
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
d)
Mitosis
4.
A molecule of DNA is made up of _________.
a)
amino acids and proteins
b)
ATP and enzymes
c)
paired nucleotides
d)
receptor enzymes
5.
If the structure of DNA were likened to a ladder, what would make up the “supporting structure” (not the “rungs”) of the ladder?
a)
amino acids and sugars
b)
nucleotide bases, including thymine
c)
nucleotide bases, including uracil
d)
sugar-phosphate molecules
6.
What process is shown in the illustration below?
a)
commensalism
b)
deletion
c)
passive transport
d)
replication
7.
DNA has a ______ strand; RNA has a ______ strand.
a)
double/double
b)
double/triple
c)
double/single
d)
single/single
8.
Which enzyme has the job of unzipping the double helix?
a)
Helicase
b)
Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primerase
9.
DNA replication turns one strand of DNA into two new strands of DNA. What percent of each new strand is the old strand?
a)
Half of each new DNA is the old DNA
b)
The old strand of DNA was digested, so none
c)
The new DNA is entirely made up of the old DNA
d)
About every sixth base comes from the old DNA
10.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the free nucleotides to the replicating DNA? ​

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

11.
order of replication
a)
3, 4, 2, 1
b)
3, 1, 4, 2
c)
2, 1, 4, 3
d)
3, 4, 1, 2
12.
Place the following in sequential order
1. Recoil
2. Straightens the double helix
3. Breaks Hydrogen bonds
4. Adds Free nucleotides
a)
1, 2, 3, 4
b)
3, 4, 2, 1
c)
3, 2, 4, 1
d)
2, 3, 4, 1
13.
Why does DNA replicate?
a)
To create another copy for the new cell
b)
To create a duplicate copy in case the original gets damaged
c)
To create a new copy to replace the damaged original
14.

Provided clear x-ray crystallography images of DNA

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Wilkins

d)

Pauling

e)

Chargaff

15.

Built models to determine that DNA was a double helix shape with base pairs A-T and G-C in rungs between the sugar/phosphate backbone of DNA.

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Wilkins

d)

Pauling

e)

Chargaff

16.

Discovered that there was the same amount of A and T in a cell, and C and G in a cell.

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Wilkins

d)

Pauling

e)

Chargaff

17.
If Chargaff found that a sample of DNA has 20% ADENINE, how much GUANINE would he have determined to be there?
a)
30%
b)
20%
c)
80%
d)
60%
18.
Which of the following is the blueprint for the production of RNA within a cell?
a)
DNA
b)
protein
c)
ATO
d)
carbohydrate
19.
Where does transcription take place?
a)
nucleus
b)
ribosome
c)
cytoplasm
d)
smooth ER
20.
DNA sequence is ACAGTGC. How would this be coded on mRNA?
a)
TGTCACG
b)
UGUCACG
c)
GUGACAU
d)
CACUGUA
21.
Which of the following is incorrect regarding RNA?
a)
RNA contains uracil
b)
RNA can only be found inside the nucleus
c)
RNA is single stranded
d)
RNA contains genetic information
22.
What nitrogen base is in DNA but NOT RNA?
a)
uracil
b)
thymine
c)
guanine
d)
adenine
23.
Carries the genetic code to the ribosome
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
DNA
24.
Which of the following sequences of processes correctly reflects the central dogma?
a)
protein synthesis, transcription, translation
b)
protein synthesis, translation, transcription
c)
transcription, translation, protein synthesis
d)
translation, transcription, protein synthesis
25.
The building of mRNA from a DNA template
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
26.
The diagram shows the process of
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
d)
Mitosis
27.

Nucleotides are DNA's monomers, or building blocks. One nucleotide is made of:

a)

2 nitrogenous base, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group

b)

1 nitrogenous base, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group

c)

A chain of bases, sugars, sugars, and phosphate groups

d)

1 nitrogen base, a deoxyribose sugar, and 2 phosphate groups

28.

RNA is made into protein inside _____________________

a)

the nucleus

b)

ribosomes

c)

the cytoplasm

d)

exclusively the liver

29.

tRNA is an important part of translation, it carries ________________________

a)

amino acids

b)

nucleotide bases

c)

proteins

d)

O2

30.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
31.
Which of the following statements is true?
a)
DNA is single-stranded
b)
RNA is single-stranded
c)
DNA contains uracil
d)
RNA contains deoxyribose
32.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of bases?
a)
RNA contains uracil in place of thymine
b)
RNA contains uracil in place of adenine
c)
RNA contains uracil in place of guanine
d)
RNA contains uracil in place of  cytosine
33.
Amino acids are the building blocks of... 
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Atoms
d)
Proteins
34.

Which RNA carries the message from the DNA molecule out of the nucleus?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

35.

How many nucleotides equal make up a codon?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

36.

Nucleic acids are the building blocks of...

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Atoms

d)

Nucleotides

37.

What is the difference between the sugar in DNA and RNA?

a)

In DNA, the sugar is Deoxyribose while in RNA the sugar is Ribose

b)

In DNA, the sugar is Ribose while in RNA the sugar is Deoxyribose

c)

In DNA, it is a 5 carbon sugar while in RNA it is only a 4 carbon sugar.

d)

There is no difference between the sugars

38.

Where does RNA polymerase know where to start copying down instructions in the DNA molecule?

a)

By looking for Promotors in the code to signal to start copying

b)

By looking for Stop Codes in the code to signal to start copying

c)

It doesn't matter where it starts, it will find it.

d)

mRNA signals to the RNA polymerase where to start

39.
What type of macro-molecules are DNA and RNA?
a)
Protein
b)
Carbohydrate
c)
Nucleic Acid
d)
Lipid
40.

What best explains the interaction between tRNA and mRNA during translation?

a)

anticodons on the mRNA line up with complementary codons on the tRNA

b)

anticodons on the tRNA line up with complementary codons on the mRNA

c)

tRNA attach amino acids to the complementary mRNA sequence

d)

mRNA attach amino acids to the complementary tRNA sequence

41.

What do amino acids come together to join?

a)

a growing polypeptide chain (protein)

b)

a growing lipid

c)

a growing carbohydrate

d)

a growing nucleic acid

42.

codons are located on __________

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

snRNA

43.

anti-codons are located on __________

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

snRNA

44.

How many nucleotides make up a single codon?

a)

3

b)

5

c)

4

d)

1

45.

The following codon is translated into which amino acid?


AUU

a)

Asparagine

(Asn)

b)

Isoleucine

(Ile)

c)

Histidine

(His)

d)

Arginine

(Arg)

46.

The following codon is translated into which amino acid?


CAU

a)

Methionine

b)

Isoleucine

c)

Histidine

d)

Arginine

47.

The following codon is translated into which amino acid?


UAA

a)

STOP

b)

Phenylalanine

c)

Valine

d)

Aspartic acid

48.
The process of making proteins on the ribosome based on instructions from messenger RNA is called
a)
transcription
b)
transformation
c)
translation
d)
molecular biology
49.

What type of bonds are forming during translation?

a)

Peptide bonds (covalent)

b)

Hydrogen bonds

c)

Acid bonds

d)

ionic bonds

50.

Which process does this picture show?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

Replication

51.

How does DNA in cells determine an organism’s complex traits?

a)

DNA contains codes for proteins, which are necessary for the growth and functioning of an organism.

b)

DNA separates into long single strands that make up each part of an organism

c)

DNA produces the energy an organism needs in order to grow.

d)

DNA folds into the nucleus of each of the cells of an organism

52.

Which of the following is a codon?

a)
b)

ATG

c)

AUG

d)

AUT

53.

A polypeptide is a sequence of ____________________ held together by a ______________ bond.

a)

amino acids; peptide

b)

fatty acids; ionic

c)

proteins; hydrogen

d)

fatty acids; covalent

54.

What is the purpose for anti-codons?

a)

to ensure the correct amino acid is dropped off

b)

to match the strand of DNA

c)

to decode a sequence of 4 nucleotides into an amino acid

d)

to make me hate biology

55.

How do you know when to STOP translating a strand of mRNA?

a)

look for STOP on the decoder

b)

stop at the end of the strand

c)

you don't

d)

when Ms. H tells me to

56.
Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter?
a)
YES!
b)
NO!

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