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WorksheetsBio 011
Total questions: 73
Worksheet time: 39mins
The name of the element with 9 electrons, 8 protons, and 10 neutrons is
fluorine
oxygen
nitrogen
lithium
neon
Fluorine has 9 electrons and can form a maximum of_________ bonds with other elements.
1
3
4
8
2
Which of the following is likely to be a polar bond?
Cl-Cl
P-H
C-O
C-H
When electrons are shared in a bond, this is a(n)
DNA bond
covalent bond
ionic bond
cation bond
hydrogen bond
Which of the following sets are LEAST likely to be attracted to each other?
two nonpolar molecules
two polar molecules
a positive ion and a negative ion
water and an ionic compound (e.g. table salt)
Which of the following is NOT true about hydrogen bonding?
They are very strong true bonds that involve two or more metals
They are important for maintaining the structure of DNA
They involve hydrogen interacting with N, F, O, and Cl
They are important for interactions between different water molecules
Why does ice float in liquid water?
Liquid water has more kinetic energy and holds up the ice.
Hydrogen bonds are more stable at colder temperatures and water forms a crystalline matrix which is less dense than liquid water.
The air bubbles in ice allow it to float.
Nonpolar covalent bonds in ice molecules keep the atoms further apart than in liquid water.
Which of the following solutions has the highest concentrations of hydrogen ions [H+]?
seawater at pH 8
stomach acid at pH 2
orange juice at pH 4
oven cleaner at pH 14
The versatility of carbon that allows it to serve as the backbone for a variety of different molecules is due to
the vast number of hydrogen bonds it can produce
the ability of carbon atoms to form four covalent bonds.
the fact that carbon usually forms ionic bonds with many different atoms.
the abundance of carbon in the atmosphere.
Polymers are large macromolecules formed by dehydration reactions, in which individual monomers are attached to a growing polymer.
True
False
A monomer contains the following components: a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base. Joining together multiple of these monomers into a polymer results in which of the following?
A protein
A carbohydrate
A nucleic acid
A uracil
A lipid
Which of the following are lipid molecules important in living organisms? [Check all that apply]
fats
phospholipids
nucleotides
enzymes
Which of the following best describes how amino acids are joined to form a polypeptide?
The monomers of proteins are nucleic acids, and these are linked by polar covalent bonds commonly referred to as nucleotides.
The monomers of proteins are fatty acids, and these are linked by polar covalent bonds commonly referred to as glycosidic bonds.
The monomers of proteins are amino acids, and these are linked by polar covalent bonds commonly referred to as peptide bonds.
The monomers of proteins are monosaccharides, and these are linked by polar covalent bonds commonly referred to as glycosidic bonds.
The polymer pictured below is made up of multiple monosaccharides. It falls into which of the following categories?
protein
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
lipid
The cell theory states that (check all that apply)
new cells come from pre-existing cells by cell division
cells are the smallest units of living organisms
cells must have a nucleus
all living things are composed of cells
Which of the following is NOT one of the four stages that led to the origin of the first living cells?
RNA performs most early cellular functions such as replication, catalysis and information storage
Enclosing polymers in protobionts or cell-like structures
The formation of polymers
The synthesis of organic molecules
The formation of organelles
Which of the following molecules or structures may be found in eukaryotic cells but not in bacteria?
flagella
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
DNA
plasma membrane
Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?
mitochondrion
peroxisome
rough ER
Golgi apparatus
vacuole
A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. It could be
a plant cell but not an animal cell.
an archaeal cell or a plant cell.
a bacterial cell.
an animal cell or a plant cell.
Which is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?
ER -> lysosomes -> vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
nucleus -> ER -> Golgi
ER -> Golgi -> nucleus
ER ->Golgi-> vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
What features of a membrane are major contributors to its selective permeability?
peripheral proteins
phospholipid bilayers
cholesterol
protein channels and transporters
Cells of the immune system, such as macrophages, can engulf and bring bacteria into the cell by
osmosis
diffusion
exocytosis
endocytosis
When placed in a solution of water, a human skin cell bursts. Which of the following statements best explains why this happens?
The inside of the cell is hypertonic to the outside
The membrane contains cholesterol which affects its fluidity.
The membrane contains transporters that allow the rapid movement of ions.
The inside of the cell is hypotonic to the outside.
Which of the following are a part of the process of facilitated diffusion (select all that apply):
requires a transport protein
requires energy such as ATP
vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane
movement of substances down a concentration gradient from high to low
If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to
add more enzyme.
add more substrate.
add an allosteric inhibitor.
heat the solution to 90 degrees C.
How does the second law of thermodynamics help explain the diffusion of a substance across a membrane?
Free energy and heat will always be released when diffusion occurs.
The second law of thermodynamics cannot explain diffusion across a membrane.
The diffusion of a substance can be transferred or transformed, but not created or destroyed.
The diffusion of a substance is energetically favorable and increases entropy or disorder.
Which of the following are key benefits of catabolic reactions? (select all that apply)
recycling of organic monomers
breaking down polymers to obtain energy
producing complex membrane structures
synthesis of polymers , such as DNA
Reactions that release free energy and have a negative ΔG are (select all that apply)
endothermic
exergonic
spontaneous
endergonic
The following question is based on the reaction shown above A + B --> C + D.
Which of the following represents the difference between the free-energy content of the reactants and the free-energy content of the products?
d
c
b
a
e
Reaction 1 is A + B ⇌ C + H2O. It is endergonic with ΔG = +4.6 kcal/mol.
Reaction 2 is ATP + H2O ⇌ ADP + Pi . It is exergonic with ΔG = -7.3 kcal/mol.
What is the overall free energy for the following coupled reaction A + B + ATP ⇌ ADP + Pi + C?
11.9 kcal/mol
-2.7 kcal/mol
11.9 kcal/mol
+2.7 kcal/mol
Which is the correct order of biological
organization from smallest to largest?
A. cells, organelles, organs, populations, communities, ecosystems
B. organelles, cells, populations, biosphere, ecosystems
C. organelles, organisms, populations, communities, biosphere
D. cells, organs, populations, ecosystems, communities
Your sister claims the shape of your nose resembles
your great aunt’s nose. Which biological theme does
this demonstrate?
Evolution
Structure and Function
Information Flow
Transformation of Energy and Matter
Systems
element
two or more atoms held together by a
chemical bond
two or more different elements held
together by chemical bonds, has different
properties from elements alone.
a pure substance that contains only one
kind of atom, cannot be broken down to
other substances by chemical means, 25/92
essential for life
Molecule
two or more atoms held together by a
chemical bond
two or more different elements held
together by chemical bonds, has different
properties from elements alone.
a pure substance that contains only one
kind of atom, cannot be broken down to
other substances by chemical means, 25/92
essential for life
Compound
two or more atoms held together by a
chemical bond.
wo or more different elements held
together by chemical bonds, has different
properties from elements alone.
a pure substance that contains only one
kind of atom, cannot be broken down to
other substances by chemical means, 25/92
essential for life
Which of the elements below is most abundant in living
organisms?
Calcium
Iodine
Iron
Hydrogen
Sodium
Ionic bonds involve ______________; covalent bonds
involve _____________.
sharing electrons; transferring electrons
electrons; protons
sharing electrons; losing electrons
transferring electrons; sharing electrons
gaining electrons; losing electrons
In a non polar covalent bond
Electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Electrons are shared equally between two atoms.
Electrons are shared unequally between two atoms.
None of the above are true.
Which of the following statements is not true
about lipids?
They are an important component of cell
membranes
They store energy for living organisms.
They are soluble in water
They include fats, phospholipids, waxes and
steroids
The most diverse type of macromolecule is the
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
A sequence of amino acids in a protein is its
________________ structure.
primary
secondary
tertiary
quarternary
The element below that is part of all proteins and
nucleic acids is
Iron
Zinc
Potassium
Nitrogen
Which of the following is the smallest unit
of life?
Phospholipid
Virus
Cell
Chromosome
Which of the following is not a monomer?
Amino acid
Monosaccharide
Nucleotide
Cellulose
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
Mitochondrion
Ribosome
Nuclear envelope
Chloroplast
Which of the following molecules or structures may be
found in eukaryotic cells but not in bacteria?
Ribosomes
DNA
Flagella
Endoplasmic reticulum
Plasma membrane
Which of the following molecules or structures may be
found in eukaryotic cells but not in a prokaryotic cells
such as bacteria?
Ribosomes
DNA
Endoplasmic reticulum
Plasma membrane
Which is the most likely pathway taken by a newly
synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?
ER -> Golgi -> nucleus
nucleus -> ER -> Golgi
ER ->Golgi-> vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
ER -> lysosomes -> vesicles that fuse with plasma
membrane
A cell with an abundance of free ribosomes is
most likely carrying out which of the following
processes?
Producing primarily vacuole contents
Producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins
Producing primarily proteins for secretion
Producing primarily cell wall or extracellular matrix
components
A cell has the following molecules and structures:
enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane,
chloroplasts, and mitochondria. It could be
a bacterial cell
an animal cell or a plant cell
an archaeal cell or a plant cell
a plant cell but not an animal cell
When placed in a solution of water, a human skin cell
bursts. Which of the following statements best explains
why this happens?
The inside of the cell is
hypertonic to the outside
The inside of the cell is
hypotonic to the outside
The membrane contains
transporters that allow the
rapid movement of ions
The membrane contains
cholesterol which affects its
fluidity
Placing celery sticks in fresh water will make them
more turgid and fuller. This is because
The celery cells are isotonic to
fresh water
The celery cells are hypertonic
to fresh water
The celery cells are hypotonic
to fresh water
Water moves from the celery
cells into fresh water
Reactions that require the addition of free-energy and
have a positive Δ G are
Exergonic and spontaneous
Endergonic and spontaneous
Exergonic and not spontaneous
Endergonic and not spontaneous
Where is glycolysis
happening?
Mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
Cytosol
What are the net products of glycolysis?
4 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
1 glucose, 2 pyruvate, 8 ATP
2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
4 ATP, 6 phosphate groups, 6 carbons
When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (NADH) the
molecule becomes
hydrogenated
reduced
oxidized
ATP
The immediate energy source that drives ATP
synthesis by the ATP synthase during oxidative
phosphorylation is the
flow of electrons down the electron transport
chain.
hydration of glucose and other organic compounds.
transfer of a phosphate group to ADP.
H+ (proton) concentration gradient across the
membrane where the ATP synthase is located.
Which process is most
directly driven by light
energy in
photosynthesis?
Removal of electrons
from chlorophyll
molecules
Production of oxygen
ATP synthesis
Reduction of NADP+
molecules
In an oxidation-reduction reaction, how is the reducing agent changed?
It gains electrons and gains potential energy.
It loses electrons and loses potential energy.
It gains electrons and loses potential energy.
It loses electrons and gains potential energy.
Where does glycolysis occur in eukaryotic cells?
mitochondrial matrix
inner mitochondrial membrane
cytosol
outer mitochondrial membrane
Where does the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
outer mitochondrial membrane
inner mitochondrial membrane
cytosol
mitochondrial matrix
n the presence of oxygen, pyruvate can be catabolized in three steps by (1) losing a carbon, (2) being oxidized to form a two-carbon compound and (3) being covalently bound to coenzyme A. These steps result is the formation of
CO2, ATP, FADH2
CO2, NADH, H+ and acetyl CoA
acetyl CoA, ATP, CO2
NADH, H+, FADH2, acetyl CoA
Which of the following metabolic pathways generates a proton gradient?
glycolysis
ATP synthase
the electron transport chain
the citric acid cycle
Which of the following are pigments that can absorb light energy and drive photosynthesis? (Select all that apply)
chlorophyll b
carotenoid
chlorophyll c
chlorophyll a
Where are the proteins and pigments of photosystem II, photosystem I and the chloroplast electron transport chain located?
the stroma
the thylakoid membrane
the thylakoid lumen
the mitochondrial matrix
Which process is most directly driven by light energy in photosynthesis?
removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules
ATP synthesis
reduction of NADP+ molecules
production of oxygen
Which of the following are found in bacterial cells?
mitochondria
plasma membrane
chloroplasts
ribosomes
What features of a membrane are major
contributors to its selective permeability?
Cholesterol
Phospholipid bilayers
Peripheral proteins
Protein channels and
transporters
Which molecule or ion would
you predict moves through a
lipid bilayer most rapidly
without the help of a transport
protein?
C6H12O6
CO2
Na+
Cl-
In the reaction, C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O,
which side would you find ATP and heat?
ATP and heat would be reactants because this is an
endergonic reaction.
ATP and heat would be products because this is an
endergonic reaction.
ATP and heat would be reactants because this is an
exergonic reaction.
ATP and heat would be products because this is an
exergonic reaction
The final electron acceptor of the electron
transport chain in aerobic oxidative
phosphorylation is
pyruvate
NAD+
water
oxygen
In the reaction, 6CO2 + 6H2O →C6H12O6 + 6O2,
which side should energy be placed on?
the left side; this is an exergonic reaction.
the right side; this is an endergonic reaction.
the right side; this is an exergonic reaction.
the left side; this is an endergonic reaction.
Plants require a lot of water for transpiration,
metabolism, and photosynthesis. How is water
used in photosynthesis?
As an electron donor
As an electron acceptor
To combine with ADP
forming ATP
As a substrate for ATP
synthase
