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WorksheetsAnatomy and Physiology Midterm Review
Total questions: 74
Worksheet time: 1hrs 17mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
These are the ends of long bones.
a)
epiphysis
b)
diaphysis
c)
medullary cavity
d)
periosteum
2.
Another name for a bone cell is
a)
osteoblast
b)
osteoclast
c)
osteocyte
d)
osteoporotic
3.
The arms and legs are part of the
a)
axial skeleton
b)
appendicular skeleton
4.
Which of these properties are found in cardiac muscle?
a)
Intercalated
b)
Striated
c)
Neither Answer
d)
Both Answers
5.
Muscle fatigue is at least partially due to
a)
loss of actin and myosin from myofibrils
b)
a buildup of lactic acid in muscles
c)
an overabundance of oxygen
d)
holes in the sarcomeres
6.
The energy for muscle contraction comes from
a)
pyruvic acid
b)
ATP
c)
synovial fluid
d)
water
7.
The long, main portion of a bone is the
a)
endosteum
b)
epiphysis
c)
diaphysis
d)
periosteum
8.
Anterior means
a)
toward the front
b)
toward the back
c)
toward the middle
d)
toward the side
9.
A line dividing the body into right and left sides is called
a)
superficial
b)
sagittal
c)
transverse
d)
proximal
10.
The heart is________to the stomach
a)
superficial
b)
deep
c)
superior
d)
inferior
11.
The study of the functions of living organisms and their parts is:
a)
anatomy
b)
histology
c)
physiology
d)
epidermiology
12.
The layer that contains fat is the ?
a)
hypodermis
b)
dermis
c)
epidermis
d)
stratum corneum
13.
Away from midline
a)
Lateral
b)
Distal
c)
Superior
d)
Transverse
14.
Divides body into top and bottom portions (superior-head; inferior-feat)
a)
Medial Plane
b)
Sagittal
c)
Proximal
d)
Transverse Plane
15.
A body part is above another part, or is closer to the head
a)
Superficial
b)
Lateral
c)
Superior
d)
Deep
16.
Away from the origin or trunk
a)
Deep
b)
Distal
c)
Proximal
d)
Posterior
17.
The knee is _______ to the ankle.
a)
proximal
b)
lateral
c)
distal
d)
medial
18.
Which system acts as a barrier against infection and UV radiation and helps regulate body temperature?
a)
integumentary
b)
muscular
c)
digestive
d)
cardiovascular
19.
contains stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and kidneys
a)
abdominal
b)
abdominopelvic
c)
pelvic
d)
thoracic
20.
If the calcium in your blood decreases below homeostasis levels, a gland in the brain will sense the decrease and send a chemical message to your bones. Your bones will release calcium into the blood, bringing blood calcium levels back up.
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop
21.
Define homeostasis.
a)
The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions
b)
The body's ability to survive at 102 degrees
c)
The changes that occur when your body is outside
d)
The body's ability to send adrenaline to the brain
22.
Name the levels of structure in a human being starting with the smallest level.
a)
Atoms/Molecules -> Cells -> Tissues -> Organism -> Organ System -> Organ
b)
Atoms/Molecules -> Cells -> Tissues -> Organ ->Organ System -> Organism
c)
Tissue -> Cells -> Atoms/Molecules -> Organs -> Organ Systems -> Organisms
d)
Atoms/Molecules -> Cell -> Organ System -> Organism -> Organ -> Tissue
23.
What is a group of similar cells?
a)
Tissue
b)
Organ
c)
Cell group
d)
Organ system
24.
True or False Blood clotting and uterine contractions are good examples of negative feedback.
a)
True
b)
False
25.
Which of the following is an example of positive feedback to indirectly maintain homeostasis?
a)
the chemical reactions involved in blood clotting
b)
your blood vessels dilate and you begin to sweat in response to elevated body temperature
c)
your blood vessels constrict and you begin to shiver in response to low body temperature
d)
your coach compliments you on your performance in practice
26.
Humans have ___ for body temperature, blood glucose concentrations, electrolyte concentrations, pH levels, tendon tension and variables.
a)
positive feedback mechanisms
b)
set points
c)
a wide internal range
d)
no regulation
27.
Rapid growth during puberty causes your body to release more and more growth hormones. As you grow, more and more growth hormones are released until puberty is reached, and then the hormones stop.
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop
28.
A group of tissues that perform a similar function is called_____. (Examples include the heart, lungs or stomach)
a)
cells
b)
tissues
c)
organs
d)
organ systems
29.
What do neuroglia do?
a)
Release neurotransmitters
b)
Support and nourish neurons
c)
Release calcium to activate neurons
d)
Absorb nutrients from neurons
30.
Which of the following is NOT part of the central nervous system?
a)
The brain
b)
The spinal cord
c)
The brain stem
d)
Spinal nerves
31.
The part of the nerve that sends or relays messages.
a)
Synapse
b)
Dendrite
c)
Neuron
d)
Axon
32.
The part of the nerve cell that receives a message.
a)
Nerve
b)
Brain
c)
Dendrite
d)
Axon
33.
What is the function of the nervous system?
a)
Transport nutrients around the body
b)
Send and receive messages to respond to a change in an organisms environment
c)
Brings oxygen into the body
d)
Moves body parts
34.
is the part of the nervous system that consists of the nerves and ganglia on the outside of the brain and spinal cord
a)
Autonomic Nervous System
b)
Peripheral Nervous System
c)
Sympathetic Nervous System
d)
Dendrites
35.
Involuntary
a)
skeletal
b)
cardiac
c)
smooth
d)
smooth and cardiac
36.
found in heart
a)
smooth
b)
cardiac
c)
skeletal
37.
a discrete bundle of muscle fibers
a)
fascicle
b)
myofibril
c)
sarcomere
d)
myofilament
38.
What is included in the anatomy of the CNS?
a)
Brain & Spinal Cord
b)
Brain & Eyes
c)
Spinal Cord & Peripheral Nerves
d)
Brain & Peripheral Nerves
39.
These are chemicals that are used for communication
a)
Neurotransmitters
b)
Dendrites
c)
Synaptic Vesicles
d)
Axon Terminals
40.
A space at which a neuron meets another cell is a ___________.
a)
axon
b)
dendrites
c)
myelin sheath
d)
synaptic cleft
41.
The nerve cell that carries impulses from a sense receptor to the brain or spinal cord is a _____________.
a)
Motor Neuron
b)
Sensory Neuron
c)
Relay Neuron
42.
The nerve cell that transmits impulses from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland.
a)
Motor Neuron
b)
Relay Neuron
c)
Sensory Neuron
43.
White matter is ________ and Grey matter is ________
a)
myelinated; phosphorylated
b)
unmyelinated; myelinated
c)
myelinated; unmyelinated
d)
phosphorylated; myelinated
44.
When a neuron is depolarized, what are the first channels to open?
a)
Sodium
b)
Potassium
c)
Calcium
d)
ACTH
45.
CONTRACTUAL UNIT OF MUSCLE FIBER
a)
MYOSIN
b)
SARCOPLAMIC RETICULUM
SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM
SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM
c)
SARCOMERES
d)
MYOFIBRIL
46.
What are the two ions transported across the membrane in an action potential?
a)
O2- and K+
b)
K+ and Na+
c)
Ca+2 and B+3
d)
Na+1 and Cl
47.
Once calcium is released, it will
a)
attaches to myosin head
b)
attaches to receptors
c)
attaches to tropomyosin
d)
attaches to troponin
48.
SPECIFIC NEUROTRANSMITTER FOR MUSCLES
a)
SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM
b)
MYOFIBRIL
c)
ACETYLCHOLINE
d)
AXON TERMINAL
49.
The patella is an example of this type of bone.
a)
Short
b)
Long
c)
Flat
d)
Round
50.
What does calcium do to the actin?
a)
Covers myosin binding sites
b)
Uncovers myosin binding sites
c)
Covers actin binding sites
d)
Uncovers actin binding sites
51.
What is a crossbridge?
a)
Where myosin binds to actin
b)
Where the calcium crosses into the cytoplasm
c)
Where calcium binds with troponin
d)
None of the answers are correct.
52.
What is necessary for the myosin to release the actin?
a)
ATP
b)
ADP
c)
Calcium
d)
Sodium
53.
Once calcium is released, it will
a)
attaches to myosin head
b)
attaches to receptors
c)
attaches to tropomyosin
d)
attaches to troponin
54.
___ and ___ are regulatory proteins bound to actin.
a)
Troponin and tropomyosin
b)
Myosin and actin
c)
Calcium and Oxygen
d)
Glycogen and hemoglobin
55.
What is the connective tissue covering of a muscle fascicle?
a)
endomysium
b)
perimysium
c)
epimysium
56.
A major function of skin is protection from:
a)
Abrasion
b)
UV light
c)
Entry of microorganisms
d)
All of the above
57.
Goosebumps are caused by contractions of the ______ muscle
a)
Arrector pili
b)
Apocrine
c)
Eccrine
d)
Sebaceous
58.
Skin color is due to a pigment called
a)
Keratin
b)
Melanin
c)
Chromatin
d)
Epithelium
59.
oil glands
a)
sebaceous
b)
sudoriferous
60.
nerve impulse
a)
action potential
b)
resting potential
c)
membrane potential
d)
synapse
61.
When a neuron is resting, the inside of the axon has a ____________ charge.
a)
positive
b)
negative
62.
What is the insulating membrane that surrounds parts of the axon that helps to protect & propagate action potential?
a)
Axon
b)
Dendrites
c)
Node of Ranvier
d)
Myelin Sheath
63.
-70 mV is the measure of a
a)
Threshold Potential
b)
Action Potential
c)
Resting Potential
d)
End Point Potential
64.
The part of the nervous system that controls voluntary actions is called the
a)
Central Nervous System
b)
Peripheral Nervous System
c)
Autonomic Nervous System
d)
Somatic Nervous Sytem
65.
The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary actions is the
a)
Central Nervous Sytem
b)
Peripheral Nervous System
c)
Autonomic Nervous System
d)
Somatic Nervous System
66.
What is the function of an oligodendrocyte?
a)
digest debris or bacteria
b)
make the myelin sheath that insulates axons in the CNS
c)
connect blood vessels to neurons
d)
form membranes in the CNS
67.
Which of the following systems would be classified as absorption and excretion?
a)
Male Reproductive system
b)
Urinary system
c)
Cardiovascular system
d)
Lymphatic system
68.
The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except
a)
face pointing anteriorly
b)
body standing upright
c)
palms facing posterior
d)
thumbs pointing laterally
69.
A homeostatic imbalance:
a)
Only occur when positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed
b)
Must be restored by negative feedback mechanisms
c)
Is considered the cause of most diseases
d)
Is when the internal conditions of the body become more stable
70.
Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?
a)
the anconeus
b)
the brachioradialis
c)
the triceps brachii
d)
the flexor digitorum profundus
71.
The amount of oxygen needed to support the conversion of lactic acid to glucose is called the
a)
Refractory quantity
b)
Aerobic conversion
c)
Anaerobic concentration
d)
Oxygen debt
72.
A student accidentally places her hand on a tack and quickly pulls her hand away. The tack represents
a)
a stimulus
b)
an effector
c)
an impulse
d)
a response
73.
The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the
a)
repolarization
b)
refractory period
c)
resting period
d)
depolarization
74.
A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?
a)
D) corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
b)
granulosum, basale, spinosum, corneum
c)
basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum
d)
basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum
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