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WorksheetsTopic: Fluid and Electrolytes
Total questions: 29
Worksheet time: 20mins
The concept of homeostasis refers to the processes by which the
internal environment of the body is maintained within a normal range to allow normal body functioning.
a narrow physiological parameter is maintained, e.g. serum sodium 136 to 144 mmol/L or serum potassium 3.7 to 5.1 mmol/L
tendency of the body to maintain the stability of the internal environment.
All of the above.
The ways in which the body control the state of internal environment are through
body's stresses adaption mechanism.
inner balancing mechanism.
maintenance mechanism.
All the above.
Homeostasis mechanisms are important for
survival.
prevent illness.
prevent death.
All of the above.
Homeostasis mechanisms provide prompt detection and appropriate reaction by the body with 2 types of feedback.
True
False
Homeostasis is achieved by 2 types of feedback that are:
positive feedback
Negative feedback
Physiological feedback
Hormonal feedback
There are 5 processes involved in fluid and electrolyte balance:
The distribution of fluid electrolytes within the body should be remain in the respective spaces.
The normal movement of fluid and electrolytes to help maintain their balance.
The balancing of fluid intake and output should be maintained.
The mechanisms that regulate fluid and electrolyte balance should be working.
The body's acid-base levels must be kept balanced (narrow range of pH 7.35 to 7.45)
Normal distribution of fluid and electrolytes are divided between 2 major compartments in the body. They are the intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid.
True
False
Major electrolytes in the intracellular fluid are
sodium
chloride
potassium
phosphate
Major electrolytes in the extracellular fluid are
sodium
chloride
potassium
phosphate
The natural movement of body fluids and electrolytes are
osmosis
diffusion
active transport
passive transport
Body's natural mechanism to balance intake and output are through
ingestion (water and food)
metabolism (oxidation of food)
sensible loss (urine and faeces)
insensible loss (perspiration and expiration)
All the above.
Body's normal regulation of intake is through the hypothalamus (thirst centre) which is sensitive to body changes of lower extracellular volume and increase plasma osmolarity.
True
False
Thirst centre is in the
(a)
The function of the thirst centre is to stimulate thirst that influence the body to feel thirsty, leading to drinking water to increase intake of fluid when detected low blood volume (extracellular volume) and increase plasma osmolarity (increase blood concentration due to less water).
True
False
The function of the thirst centre also stimulates secretion of antidiuretic hormones from the posterior pituitary gland to reduce urine formation, to reserve fluid in the body (blood) when the body is lacking water due to increase perspiration due to hot weather.
True
False
Dehydration i (a) osmolarity of the blood (blood become more concentrated).
Dehydration leads to d (a) in saliva secretion to keep fluid in the blood, which makes the body feels thirsty.
Thirst mechanism is activated when blood o__________ changes by 1-2% or a decrease in __% of blood volume.
(a)
Antidiuretic hormone is triggered when there is an
increase in plasma (blood) osmolarity
decrease circulating fluid volume
decrease in plasma (blood) osmolarity
increase circulating fluid volume
Antidiuretic hormone increase blood volume by
increasing water reabsorption at the rental tubules.
decreasing water reabsorption at the renal tubules.
increasing sodium reabsorption at the rental tubules.
decreasing sodium reabsorption at the renal tubules.
Thirst centre increase sense of t______ and posterior pituitary gland increase secretion of ADH to increase r___________ of w________ at the renal tubule. Both occurs to replace blood volume during excessive perspiration.
(a)
Some of the mechanisms that regulate fluid and electrolytes balance such as
cardiovascular system regulate blood pressure and blood volume.
kidneys regulate blood volume and composition of urine to maintain fluid and electrolytes balance.
pituitary gland secretes ADH to prevent losing fluid to help fluid and electrolytes balance.
adrenal glands secretes aldosterone that promotes reabsorption of sodium and water.
All of the above answers.
The regulation of sodium reabsorption at the renal tubules by __________ also helps to prevent losing fluid when plasma osmolarity is higher and circulating fluid volume is lower.
aldosterone
antidiuretic hormone
glucocorticoids
calcitonin
Maintenance of acid base balance by regulating a______ and b_____ keeping at constant level.
(a)
Fluid and electrolytes imbalance are categorised into 2 types: deficit and excess.
True
False
Water deficit refers to
fluid depletion (not enough fluid)
extracellular solute excess (too much solute such as sodium)
Both the answers are correct.
Water deficit will result in
cell shrinkage
dehydration
tissue swelling
cellular edema
Water excess will result in
cell shrinkage
dehydration
tissue swelling
cellular edema
Complications of fluid and electrolytes imbalance results in
inadequate nourishment to the body cells.
accumulation waste produces as mechanisms for excretion of waste are not functioning well.
acid base balance is upset.
temperature regulation is not working.
activities depending on transmission of electrical energy are impaired (heart muscle contraction)
