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Geology Review

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is the thinnest layer of the earth’s composition?
a)
mantle
b)
inner core
c)
crust
d)
outer core
2.
The core is made-up of what two elements?
a)
iron and nickel
b)
iron and oxygen
c)
nickel and silicon
d)
oxygen and silicon
3.
Identify each layer - #19.
a)
mantle
b)
lithosphere
c)
inner core
d)
outer core
4.
True or FalseThe most abundant elements in the Earth's crust are silicon and oxygen.
a)
True
b)
False
5.
The soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move
a)
Asthenosphere
b)
Outer Core
c)
Mantle
d)
Mesosphere
6.

List the layer in order

a)

1.Crust

2.inner core

3.outer core

4.Mantle

b)

1.inner core

2.outer core

3.crust

4.Mantle

c)

1.Mantle

2.outer core

3.inner core

4.crust

d)

1.crust

2.Mantle

3.Outer core

4.inner core

7.

A block of aluminum occupies a volume of 15.0 mL and weighs 45.0 g. What is its density?

a)

3 g/mL

b)

0.3333 g/mL

c)

675 g/mL

d)

I have no idea

8.
What is the formula for density?
a)
density = mass x volume
b)
density = mass / volume
c)
density = mass + volume
d)
density = mass - volume
9.

A cloud of gas or dust in space

a)

Stellar nucleosynthesis

b)

Nebular Theory

c)

Nebulae

d)

Protoplanet

10.
What is an isotope? 
a)
A charged atom
b)
An atom with different amounts of neutrons
c)
An atom with different amounts of protons
d)
A neutral atom
11.

Isotopes of an element have a different number of...

a)

Protons

b)

Neutrons

c)

Electrons

d)

Mass

12.
How many neutrons does the isotope of lithium have?
a)
8
b)
3
c)
4
d)
5
13.

:What is letter “A.”pointing to?

a)

Proton

b)

Neutron

c)

Electron

d)

Atom

14.

An element will always have the same number of

a)

electrons

b)

neutrons

c)

protons

d)

Orbitals

15.

How many protons does krypton have?

a)

84

b)

36

c)

48

d)

8

16.

Which of the following is evidence that the Earth is spherical?

a)

A ship gets smaller as it sails away, and larger as it sails toward you

b)

A ship’s mast is the first thing to appear over the horizon as it sails toward you, and the last thing to disappear as it sails away

c)

A ship appears to be curved as it sails away, like the edge of a sphere

17.

True or False: During a lunar eclipse, the Earth casts a circular shadow on the moon, which is proof that it is spherical in shape

a)

True

b)

False

18.

True or False: The circumference around the Earth from the North pole to the South pole is greater than the circumference around the equator

a)

True

b)

False

19.

The Earth's layers formed based on their ___

a)

densities

b)

thickness

c)

levels of Hydrogen fusion

d)

name (alphabetically)

20.

What are the 2 most abundant gases in the atmosphere today?

a)

carbon dioxide and oxygen

b)

nitrogen and oxygen

c)

nitrogen and carbon dioxide

d)

oxygen and water vapour

21.

How did oxygen get into the atmosphere?

a)

Asteroids

b)

Gravity

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Humans

22.

Which layer of the Earth is liquid?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer core

d)

Inner core

23.

Which type of rock is formed from the solidification of magma or lava?

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

d)

bioclastic

24.

Describe the mineral composition of the following igneous rock.

a)

felsic

b)

mafic

25.

Describe the mineral composition of the following igneous rock.

a)

felsic

b)

mafic

26.

Describe the environment of formation for the following igneous rock (grain size > 10 mm).

a)

intrusive

b)

extrusive

27.

Describe the environment of formation for the following igneous rock.

a)

intrusive

b)

extrusive

28.

Describe the rate of cooling for the following igneous rock (grain size 1-10 mm).

a)

slow cooling

b)

rapid cooling

29.

Pegmatite is a coarse-grained, intrusive, igneous rock. How did it form?

a)

rapidly cooling lava

b)

slowly cooling magma

30.
Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface
a)
Organic Rock
b)
Intrusive Rock
c)
Extrusive Rock
31.
Small pieces of rock, sand, silt is called?
a)
weathering
b)
sediment
32.
The process when rocks break into smaller pieces due to exposure to natural elements is called
a)
erosion
b)
weathering
c)
sediments
33.
Fossils are only found in sedimentary rocks.
a)
True
b)
False
34.
When sediments are pressed together tightly, this is called ____________.
a)
Compaction
b)
Cementation
c)
Weathering
d)
Erosion
35.
Sedimentary rock that is made of fragments of rocks cemented together by a mineral are called...
a)
chemical
b)
organic
c)
clastic
36.
Sedimentary rock made from fossils are called...
a)
organic
b)
chemical
c)
stratified
37.
This rock is made from tiny pieces of other rocks that settled to the bottom of a valley millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
38.

Which causes rocks to physically weather in to sediments?

a)

Water

b)

Ice

c)

Wind

d)

All of the above

39.

Using the Mohs Hardness Scale above answer the following questions as true or false.

1. _____ Apatite would scratch fluorite but not topaz.

a)

True

b)

False

40.

Using the Mohs Hardness Scale above answer the following questions as true or false.

2. _____ A steel nail would scratch quartz.

a)

True

b)

False

41.

2. Which mineral property refers to how easily a mineral can be scratched?

a)

A. Streak

b)

B. Density

c)

C. Hardness

d)

D. Fracture

42.

4. Fracture or cleavage of a mineral is determined by:

a)

A. how long it took to form

b)

B. the internal arrangement of atoms

c)

C. temperature

d)

D. the color of the mineral

43.

6. Describe how you would determine a mineral’s streak.

a)

Rub the mineral on a ceramic plate.

b)

Rub the mineral on a glass plate.

c)

Break the mineral.

d)

Place the mineral in a beaker of water.

44.

If a mineral breaks along flat surfaces, it demonstrates this property.

a)

color

b)

streak

c)

luster

d)

cleavage

45.

If a mineral is said to be "metallic", this is a description of its:

a)

color

b)

streak

c)

luster

d)

cleavage

46.

Granite is an example of a(n) ____________ rock

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

d)

Glassy

47.

Shale is an example of a(n) _______________ rock

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

d)

glassy

48.
How do metamorphic rocks form? 
a)
Heat and Pressure
b)
Compaction & Cementation
c)
Cooling of Magma
d)
Sediments & Glue
49.
Metamorphic rocks form from ___.
a)
igneous rocks
b)
other metamorphic rocks
c)
sedimentary rocks
d)
all types of rocks
50.
Granite forms what type of metamorphic rock?
a)
slate
b)
marble
c)
gneiss
d)
quartzite
51.
Which of these is a metamorphic rock?
a)
pumice
b)
sandstone
c)
slate
d)
coal
52.
__________ metamorphism occurs when magma heats the surrounding rock and changes it.
a)
Regional
b)
Forced
c)
Igneotrophic
d)
Contact
53.
__________ metamorphism occurs when rock formations in the crust collide and build pressure
a)
Regional
b)
Forced
c)
Igneotrophic
d)
Contact
54.
What sedimentary rock is changed into slate during metamorphism?
a)
Shale
b)
Limestone
c)
Sandstone
d)
Breccia
55.
Which of the following is a metamorphic rock?
a)
schist
b)
basalt
c)
limestone
d)
shale
56.
Marble is the metamorphic rock.  What is the parent rock? 
a)
sandstone
b)
limestone
c)
granite
d)
shale
57.

What is underground molten rock?

a)

Lava

b)

Magma

c)

Soil

d)

Intrusive

58.

What is aboveground molten rock?

a)

Extrusive

b)

Magma

c)

Lava

d)

Sedimentary

59.

Sandstone is an example of...

a)

Metamorphic

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Igneous

60.

Marble is an example of...

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

61.

This rock is ___

a)

foliated

b)

non-foliated

c)

bedded

d)

igneous

62.

What is "2" in the diagram?

a)

igneous rock

b)

sedimentary rock

c)

metamorphic rock

d)

magma

63.

What is "4" in the diagram?

a)

igneous rock

b)

sedimentary rock

c)

metamorphic rock

d)

magma

64.

What are "c," "e" and "g" in the diagram?

a)

Melting

b)

Compaction and cementation

c)

Weathering and erosion

d)

Heat and pressure

65.

What are "f" and "h" on the diagram?

a)

Melting

b)

Compaction and cementation

c)

Weathering and erosion

d)

Heat and pressure

66.

Resources that are used up faster than they can be replaced are known as

a)

renewable

b)

non-renewable

c)

unbalanced

d)

carboniferous

67.

What does soil depletion do?

a)

Removes nutrients from the soil

b)

Adds salt to the soil

c)

It takes away soil from an area

d)

It makes the soil pieces smaller

68.

Using fertilizers and pesticides can lead to

a)

biodiversity

b)

eutrophication

c)

water pollution

d)

ore depletion

69.

A rock with a valuable metal in it is known as a(n) ____

a)

geode

b)

ore

c)

mineral

d)

geological deposit

70.

Extracting valuable materials from inside the Earth is known as ____

a)

mining

b)

searching

c)

digging

d)

mineralization

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