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WorksheetsAPES Review Pt 1 (Unit 1,2,3)
Total questions: 75
Worksheet time: 5hrs 35mins
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
is increasing in part due to fossil fuel use.
has not significantly changed in the past 200 years.
is increasing in part due to deforestation.
has been decreasing since the 1800’s.
can not be reliably measured
Which is NOT a non-renewable resources?
aluminum
oil
timber
copper
coal
The environment refers to
all conditions surrounding us on Earth.
species interactions that affect human life.
conditions that cause negative effects on our health.
interactions that harm the atmosphere.
the sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life.
Which is an example of a sustainable practice?
I. Replanting a logged forest
II. Developing substitutes for nonrenewable resources
III. Banning the use of all fossil fuels without a planned transition to an alternative
I only
II only
I and III
I and II
I, II, and III
An ecological footprint considers
per capita resource use of a nation.
how much an individual consumes in terms of land area.
average yearly consumption of resources.
resources that an entire nation consumes in and average year.
the ratio of resources consumed in developed nations to less developed nations.
An experiment is designed to determine if wheat grows better when it is planted alone or with clover. The design calls for 3 pans of each treatment. Pans A, B, and C contain only wheat. Pans D, E, and F contain clover and wheat planted in alternating rows. Each pan contains a total of
100 seeds. All treatments contain the same type of soil, are planted in the same size pan, are exposed to the same amount of sunlight, and are maintained at the same temperature throughout the course of the experiment.
The treatments planted with only wheat are the
sample size.
control.
environmental variable.
null hypothesis.
replication.
The study of environmental science differs from study of other natural sciences because it
doesn’t use experiments.
does not require any mathematical calculations.
also includes politics, law, and economics.
does not require an understanding of biology.
uses the scientific process.
The goal of using resources to meet the needs of both current and future generations is referred
to as
NAFTA.
preservation
remediation
sustainability
environmental science
An experiment is designed to determine if wheat grows better when it is planted alone or with clover. The design calls for 3 pans of each treatment. Pans A, B, and C contain only wheat. Pans D, E, and F contain clover and wheat planted in alternating rows. Each pan contains a total of
100 seeds. All treatments contain the same type of soil, are planted in the same size pan, are exposed to the same amount of sunlight, and are maintained at the same temperature throughout the course of the experiment.
Which statement provides a hypothesis for this experiment?
Wheat grows taller when planted by itself than when it is alternated with clover.
Clover grows better when planted by itself.
Wheat grows better when planted together with clover.
Clover grows better when planted together with wheat.
Both A and C are legitimate hypotheses for this experiment.
How do you calculate % Change?
(y2-y1)/y2 * 100%
(y1-y2)/y1 * 100%
(y2-y1)/y1 * 100%
(y1-y2)/y2 * 100%
An ecosystem is a location on Earth that includes
only biotic components
only abiotic components
interacting biotic and abiotic components
positive and negative feedback loops
Which of the following is a qualitative observation?
15 inches
a liquid
a green solution
6 feet 1 inches
Place the ecology levels of organization in proper order (smallest to largest)
organism > population > community > ecosystem > biosphere
community > organism > ecosystem > biosphere > population
organism > community > biosphere > population > ecosystem
population > biosphere > ecosystem > community > organism
A tapeworm lives in the small intestines where it feeds and grows, robbing the human of essential nutrients. This is a _____ type of relationship.
Commensalism
Parasitism
Symbiotic
Mutualism
The cattle egret follows herds of cattle and eat the insects that the cattle stir up as they move through the grassland. The cattle appear to be unaffected by the egrets. This is a _____ type of relationship.
Commensalism
Parasitism
Symbiotic
Mutualism
A positive feedback loop occurs
when a system responds to a change by returning to its original state
when feedback into a system decreases a rate of response
when a system is in a steady state
when feedback into a system increases a rate of response
Which best describes the concept of net primary production?
total amount of energy available from the Sun
total amount of cellular respiration conducted within an ecosystem
energy captured minus energy lost
total amount of energy available from the producer
In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 10oC and 200 cm of precipitation annually?
Temperate seasonal forest
Temperate rainforest
Woodland/shrubland
Tropical seasonal forest
In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 4oC and 50 cm of precipitation annually?
Tundra
Boreal forest
Temperate grassland/cold desert
Woodland/shrubland
Which biome is characterized by the presence of permafrost?
temperate seasonal forest
woodland/shrubland
tundra
boreal forest
Terrestrial biomes are defined by ____ and ____ variables.
temperature; precipitation
temperature; animals
precipitation; plants
animals; plants
A keystone species is best defined as
an organism that eats all others
an organism that runs the fastest
an organism that keeps the food web stable
an organism that has the most advantages
All of the following is true about a niche generalist EXCEPT
thrives in multiple environments
feeds on specific food only
lives in various habitats
feeds on various food
Which of the following biogeochemical cycles does not have an atmospheric phase?
Hydrolic Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Sulfur Cycle
Carbon Cycle
Phosphorous Cycle
Energy enters a system as sunlight and a producer is able to produce 10 kilograms of tissue. If eaten, the producer would produce about ___ kilograms of a consumer tissue that would provide about ____ kilograms of tissue for a secondary consumer
100; 10
10; 1
100; 1
1; 0.1
Producers rely on _____ to release chemical energy and consumers rely on ____ to release chemical energy.
Cellular Respiration; photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration; cellular respiration
photosynthesis; cellular respiration
photosynthesis; photosynthesis
In the Nitrogen cycle, what is one Natural way that Nitrogen gets into our soil?
Fertilizers
Human Waste through septic tanks
Decomposing animals
Industrial waste
Intraspecific Competition is between the same species. true or false?
True
False
In a food pyramid, which organism can be found on the bottom?
Primary Consumers
producers
Secondary Consumers
Herbivores
Fragmenting one large park or preserve into many small parks with human habitation in between them is most likely to lead to which of the following?
Reduction in species diversity
Stabilization of microclimates
Decrease in the proportion of edge habitat
Increase in population size of carnivores
The factor that likely poses the greatest threat of extinction of species worldwide is
black market trade in endangered species
aggressive collecting of specimens by museums and zoos
increasing loss of habitat
weakening of environmental legislation
Which of the following best shows the process of evolution?
A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide
A bear goes into hibernation
A lizard’s color becomes brown as it sits on a log
A population of foxes increases as more prey becomes available
The net annual primary productivity of a particular wetland ecosystem is found to be 10,000 kcal/m2 per year. If respiration by the aquatic producers is 21,000 kcal/m2 per year, what is the gross annual primary productivity for this ecosystem, in kcal/m2 per year?
11,000
21,000
31,000
41,000
If mean global temperature keeps on increasing as predicted by contemporary scientists, which of the following is most likely?
There will be fewer insect pests and disease-carrying organisms
Specialist species living in fragile ecosystems will risk extinction
There will be an increase in the reproductive rate of mammals
The geographical range of many plants will move toward the equator
Eutrophication in lakes is frequently the direct result of
nutrient enrichment
industrial poisons
a diminished supply of nitrates
an increase in predators
Gradual transition over time from one type of biological community to another.
Symbiosis
Law of tolerance
Ecological succession
Energy pyramid
Which of the following statements about ecological succession is correct?
Secondary succession is followed by primary succession.
Primary succession occurs over a shorter time span than secondary succession.
Succession is influenced by competition for limiting resources such as available soil, moisture, and nutrients.
In forest succession, less shade-tolerant trees replace more shade-tolerant trees.
Roughly what percentage of incoming solar energy is converted into chemical energy by producers?
99%
50%
1%
Between 5 and 20%
Which of the following is the approximate efficiency of the energy transfer as energy flows through the food chain?
1 percent
90 percent
50 percent
10 percent
Which of these is an aquatic indicator species?
Shrimp
Coral
Plankton
Sea Anemone
Why are sea otters so crucial to an ecosystem?
They aren't.
They build dams and help rivers flow
They provide us with nutrients
They feed on sea urchins which are harmful to kelp forests
Pioneer species like moss and lichen are most likely to show up after
primary succession
secondary succession
Organisms that make physical changes and help create habitats are known as
Invasive species
Keystone species
Foundation species
Endangered species
A role played by an organism in an ecosystem is known at its
Niche
Job
Role
Duty
An optimum range is
A threat to an organism
An organism's niche
An organism's comfort zone
An organism's species richness
Jay has 3 green marbles, 4 red skittles, and 5 twix. What is the species richness?
3
12
1.5
0.50
Jay has 3 green marbles, 4 red skittles, and 5 twix. What is the species diversity index
0.28
0.71
-0.28
0.63
Which of the following variables increase population size?
Deaths
Emigration
Immigration
Small populations that lead to a greater likelihood of harmful alleles spreading in a population is a result of
metapopulation
genetic inbreeding
k-selected communities
This type of species puts energy into reproduction not survival.
r-selected
k-selected
s-selected
j-selected
This type of species has many offspring with little to no parental care.
k-selected
r-selected
s-selected
j-selected
Which type of survivorship curve represents an r-selected species?
Type I survivorship curve
Type II survivorship curve
Type III survivorship curve
Which type of survivorship curve represents an k-selected species?
Type I survivorship curve
Type II survivorship curve
Type III survivorship curve
Bacteria, algae, and dandelions are an example of
r-selected species
k-selected species
s-selected species
humans, polar bears, and elephants are an example of
r-selected species
k-selected species
j-selected species
Which type of survivorship curve represents animals that have constant mortality?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Which type of survivorship curve represents organisms that produce many offspring that mainly die early in life
Type I
Type II
Type III
Which of the following is not a characteristic of rapidly growing populations?
Short generation time
Long length of reproductive life
Low fecundity
Reproduce early in life
The definition of fecundity is...
number of offspring
amount of generation time
the carrying capacity
exponential growth
A J-curve represents
exponential growth
logistic growth
no growth
Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with a country that demonstrates the age structure diagram show above?
There is a low infant mortality rate
A high percentage of the population has access to medical care
There is a low population growth
There is a high total fertility rate
What type of age structure diagram represents a population with negative growth rate?
Represents the maximum number of individuals that can be supported by a particular ecosystem on a long-term basis
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following is a true statement about the total fertility of a society?
The total fertility of a society is the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate.
The total fertility of a society is the number of children necessary for a couple to replace themselves in the next generation.
The total fertility of a society is positively correlated with the average education of women.
The total fertility of a society is negatively correlated with the number of women of child-bearing age.
The total fertility of a society decreases as the society progresses through the demographic transition.
Which of the following is most typically associated with the transition from a rural to an urbanized society?
Reduced birth rates
Reduced need for sewage-treatment facilities
Increased rates of population growth
Increased air quality in urban areas
Increased stabilization of microclimate in urban areas
The current global human population is about 6.1 billion and is growing at an annual rate of 1.35 percent. If world population were to grow at this rate for the next year, approximately how many people would be added?
8 × 105
8 × 106
8 × 107
8 × 108
8 × 109
If a country has a crude birth rate of 24 per 1,000 and a crude death rate of 8 per 1,000, the natural annual percent increase of its population is
0.6%
1.6%
3%
16%
32%
Which of the following characteristics in the table best supports the claim that:
Country A is a more developed country and that Country
B is a less developed country?
population size
land area
infant mortality rate
net migration rate
The crude growth rate, r , of a population is calculated by
multiplying the existing population size by life expectancy
dividing the crude birth rate by 2
dividing the doubling time by 70
adding the crude birth rate to the crude death rate
subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate
In a certain country, the birth rate is high, the death rate is high, and there are many children that are part of the workforce. The country is most likely in which of the following stages of the demographic transition?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
If the population of a country grows at a rate of approximately 5 percent per year, the number of years required for the population to double is closest to
5 years
10 years
15 years
25 years
35 years
What is a generalist species?
Species with a broad range of tolerance
Species with a narrow range of tolerance
Members of an r-selected species characteristically
larger-bodied
put energy into reproduction not survival
good competitors
are very protective of their offspring
Which country would you expect to be in stage 1 of the demographic transition
Country 1
Country 2
Country 3
Country 4
Which of the following can be interpreted from an age-structure diagram of a country?
The maximum age when women give birth
The total fertility rate of the population
The relative population growth rate of the population
The carrying capacity of the local environment
