NEW
Font size
S
M
L
XL
WorksheetsSocial Psych Exam 1 Review
Total questions: 76
Worksheet time: 1hrs 16mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which group is more vulnerable to the fundamental attribution error?
a)
People from Western culture
b)
People high in neuroticism
c)
College students
d)
None of the above
2.
After Lyla’s husband was injured in a car accident, she said, “I woke up with a bad feeling in my stomach—I knew something was off about that day.” Lyla is exhibiting __________.
a)
accessibility
b)
thought suppression
c)
counterfactual thinking
d)
the hindsight bias
3.
In many respects, reality television shows are similar to observational research in social psychology. In what crucial respect are reality TV shows most different from observational research?
a)
They do not use a representative sample of people who confronted strange situations.
b)
The people filmed did not provide informed consent.
c)
The observations were not conducted in a systematic, scientific manner.
d)
The kind of situations that are filmed are not relevant to social psychologists
4.
A researcher hired by a department store wants to examine whether manipulating the room temperature to be hotter as opposed to cooler affects sales of air conditioners. The best method for answering this question would be __________.
a)
Experimental
b)
Correlational
c)
Observational
d)
Archival Analysis
5.
If two variables have no correlation with each other, this means that __________.
a)
you can only predict one of the two variables
b)
when one is higher, the other is lower
c)
they are probably very similar
d)
you cannot predict one from the other
6.
Carlos, the president of a fraternity on campus, randomly sampled 500 students, asked them if they belonged to a fraternity or sorority, and asked them about their current GPA. He discovered that the GPAs of those people in fraternities and sororities were higher than those of people who were not involved in the Greek system. Gleefully, he presented his findings to the dean, saying that being involved in a fraternity or sorority leads to higher grades. What rule of research methods is Carlos breaking?
a)
Correlation does not prove causation.
b)
College students are not representative of the whole sample of people in the world.
c)
His sample size of 500 is too small to make such a generalization.
d)
Correlational data do not provide any practical information on a topic.
7.
In a study of group dynamics, participants were placed in groups consisting of either three or ten people. During the study, group members worked together trying to solve a puzzle. After completing the task, participants reported how satisfied they were with the other members of their group. __________ is the independent variable in this study.
a)
Group dynamics
b)
The puzzle
c)
Group size
d)
Satisfaction
8.
In a study of frustration and aggression, some participants were exposed to an accomplice who insulted them, and others were exposed to no such insult. Participants were then allowed to recommend whether the accomplice should be fired. Those who were insulted were more likely to retaliate by recommending that the accomplice lose his job. In this experiment, the __________ was the dependent variable.
a)
presence or absence of an insult
b)
accomplice
c)
participants’ recommendations
d)
difference between the groups
9.
By controlling all extraneous variables and by randomly assigning people to different experimental conditions, an experimenter can achieve high __________.
a)
Interjudge reliability
b)
Generalizability
c)
Replicability
d)
Interal validity
10.
Which of the following represents a confounding variable in an experiment?
a)
Failure to randomly assign participants
b)
Assigning participants based on gender
c)
Randomly changing several aspects of the study in addition to the independent variable
d)
Changing only the independent variable
11.
A researcher wants to examine the relationship between viewing television violence and behaving aggressively. He has participants decide whether they would prefer to view a violent or a nonviolent film, and subsequently records the number of aggressive behaviors they show in a competitive game. The researcher cannot legitimately make a causal statement based on his findings because the study __________.
a)
is low on mundane realism
b)
lacks random assignment
c)
has no cover story
d)
lacks psychological realism
12.
A researcher is designing an experiment, and ensures that each participant is equally likely to be in one condition as another. He does not assign them based on any characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, or personality. This researcher is __________ participants.
a)
randomly assigning
b)
meta-analyzing
c)
randomly selecting
d)
generalizing
13.
Parents seldom spend a lot of time explaining to their children how to ride a bicycle. Instead, they often get a bike with training wheels and let the children learn for themselves how to ride a bike. This is because our understanding about how to ride a bicycle is based on __________.
a)
automatic thinking, which is difficult to describe to someone else
b)
controlled thinking that can only be learned by experience
c)
intuition, which is difficult to express in language that a child can understand
d)
personal experience that is not likely to be believed by the child
14.
Ahkem is considering buying a new car. He has narrowed his choices down to two models. On a sheet of paper, he begins writing down the positive characteristics of each car and the negative characteristics of each car. He will be using this list to help guide his final decision. In this example, Ahkem is using __________.
a)
automatic thinking, which is difficult to describe to someone else
b)
illogical thinking
c)
self-fulfilling prophecy
d)
controlled thinking
15.
Katarina meets a young man who has long hair, saggy pants, multiple facial piercings, and many tattoos. Katarina applies a schema from her past experience and immediately categorizes this young man as __________.
a)
an intellectual
b)
a fraternity brother
c)
a party boy
d)
an engineering student
16.
When most Americans walk into a fast food restaurant chain, they know they should walk up to the counter to order, pay, and pick up their food, rather than sit down and wait to be served. This knowledge of how to act in such a situation is called __________.
a)
controlled thinking
b)
a stereotype
c)
a counterfactual thought
d)
a schema
17.
Participants memorized either the word “reckless” or the word “adventurous” before reading an ambiguous passage in which Donald is described as engaging in a number of recreational activities (e.g., driving in a demolition derby, white-water rafting) where he risks injury and even death. This method was used to study the concept of __________.
a)
priming
b)
attribution formation
c)
representativeness
d)
counterfactual thinking
18.
Warren believes that Tom is an outgoing, gregarious person. “Whom did you hang out with this weekend?” Warren asks Tom. “Tell me about all of the fun things that you have planned for the summer,” Warren continues. Although Tom is usually rather quiet and reserved, he responds to Warren in an outgoing, friendly manner. This is an example of __________.
a)
the perseverance effect
b)
the primacy effect
c)
reconstructive memory
d)
a self-fulfilling prophecy
19.
Research has demonstrated that metaphors about the body and social judgments influence how we think and the decisions we make. If that is true, the next time you are feeling lonely and as if the world is a cold, heartless place, what should you do and why?
a)
Clean your room, because it is associated with “washing away sins”
b)
Hold a warm beverage in your hands, because warmth is associated with friendliness
c)
Carry something heavy, because that is associated with “carrying the weight of the world”
d)
Take a nap, because “life is but a dream”
20.
Research demonstrated that physical sensation can activate metaphors that influence our judgments about unrelated topics. If you wanted students to take your petition seriously, you should present the information about it __________.
a)
on a piece of paper they can take with them
b)
on a heavy tablet
c)
on a light clipboard.
d)
verbally rather than in writing
21.
Our use of mental shortcuts usually leads to __________.
a)
optimal decisions that could not be bettered if more time were spent
b)
faulty decisions that get us into trouble
c)
good decisions in a reasonable amount of time
d)
faulty decisions, but the fact that we’ve decided quickly gives us time to cope with the consequences, so there is no harm done in the end
22.
Reasoning based on the ease with which we can bring something to mind involves the use of the __________ heuristic.
a)
availability
b)
representativeness
c)
counterfactual thinking
d)
confirmatory
23.
Your roommate is interested in dating Chris, whom you know from a history class. Your roommate asks if you think Chris is generally a considerate person. You remember how Chris gave you notes when you missed class last week and tell your roommate you think Chris is very considerate. In making your judgment, you have relied upon the __________ heuristic.
a)
representativeness
b)
base rate
c)
availability
d)
counterfactual thinking
24.
Why does the availability heuristic sometimes lead to incorrect inferences?
a)
What is easily brought to mind may not be typical of the big picture.
b)
People wrongly assume that correlation implies causation.
c)
What looks like the typical case may not be representative of the typical case.
d)
People are far better at making inferences about themselves than about others.
25.
People who have suffered the loss of a spouse or child are more distressed depending on _____________.
a)
violent the cause of death
b)
easily they could imagine how the death could have been prevented
c)
vivid the survivors’ memories of the death
d)
unpreventable the deaths were perceived to be
26.
Recall Medvec and her colleagues’ (1995) study of the emotions experienced by Olympic athletes who won bronze and silver medals. If silver medalists outperformed bronze medalists, why were they less happy?
a)
The gold medalists taunted the silver medalists more than they did the bronze medalists.
b)
It was easier for silver medalists to imagine winning the gold medal.
c)
Bronze medalists were grateful simply to have the opportunity to compete.
d)
There is a positive correlation between talent and competitiveness.
27.
The tendency to stick with an initial judgment even in the face of new information that should prompt us to reconsider is __________.
a)
primacy effect
b)
belief perseverance
c)
thin-slicing
d)
affect blending
28.
When Marnie met Phillip, he was drunk and loud. Now, months later, she still doesn’t like him very much, even though she recently found out the reason he was so drunk was because his cold medicine interacted with the alcohol. The lingering opinion of Phillip is a result of __________.
a)
primacy effect
b)
self-fulfilling prophecy
c)
affect blending
d)
belief perseverance
29.
Don is running late for work, and arrives ten minutes late. Which of the following represents an internal attribution that his supervisor would make?
a)
“I’m sure you just couldn’t find a parking spot—it’s okay.”
b)
“You probably overslept again because you’re so lazy.”
c)
“You probably got delayed by a train.”
d)
“You probably just had trouble getting your kids up and out the door.”
30.
According to the text, we often fall prey to the fundamental attribution error because __________.
a)
the actor’s situation is invisible to us, while the actor’s behavior is obvious
b)
although there are taxonomies of people, there are no taxonomies of situations
c)
understanding current behavior is of no help in predicting future behavior
d)
we seldom if ever have consensus information
31.
Manaka is from Japan and just won a gold medal at the Olympics. When interviewed about what she thinks contributed to her success, she is most likely to answer, __________.
a)
“I’ve just got the right stuff!”
b)
“My opponents had bad days”
c)
“I’ve had so much support from my coach and family”
d)
“I don’t deserve this”
32.
When asked to finish a sentence beginning “I am…,” respondents from Asian countries are more likely to mention __________, because they grew up in a(n) __________ culture.
a)
group membership; interdependent
b)
extraverted; independent
c)
actual self; authoritarian
d)
introverted; less oppressive
33.
Based on the idea of overjustification, if you have a group of children who already enjoy reading, which of the following would be most likely to decrease their intrinsic motivation?
a)
Allowing them to read as much as they choose
b)
Timing them for how long they read each day
c)
Giving them achievement tests on reading
d)
Rewarding them for each book they read
34.
Jakim just got back his exam in a really hard class. He asks the professor if he can see the grade distribution (how many people got A’s, B’s, C’s, etc.). He wants to see how well he did in relationship to the class. In this case, he is using __________.
a)
introspection
b)
self-reflection
c)
self-awareness
d)
social comparison
35.
When people make an upward social comparison, they are comparing themselves to __________.
a)
someone who is better than they are
b)
someone who is worse off than they are
c)
someone who is similar to them
d)
the first person they encounter
36.
People engage in self-handicapping strategies in order to avoid __________.
a)
failure
b)
an internal attribution for failure
c)
an external attribution for failure
d)
a misattribution of failure
37.
Hai has been taking expensive beta-carotene supplements for years because he believes they will reduce his risk of cancer. Hai has just learned that a well-controlled study published in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine showed that beta-carotene supplements do not reduce cancer risk. Hai is probably experiencing __________.
a)
cognitive dissonance
b)
self-affirmation
c)
the rationalization trap
d)
self-discrepancy
38.
“Live fast and die young, that’s what I always say,” Rosie pronounces, as she stuffs down three more Ding-Dong snack cakes and opens another pint of high-fat ice cream. Rosie knows that her diet is unhealthy and harmful, of course. To reduce her dissonance, Rosie is __________.
a)
changing her behavior to bring it in line with her cognitions
b)
changing a problem cognition to make it more consonant with her behavior
c)
adding a cognition that is consonant with her problem behavior
d)
engaging in self-affirmation to combat cognitive dissonance
39.
You’ve recently learned that eating avocados, which you love, is bad for your health. To reduce the dissonance you experience after reading this news, you would most likely __________.
a)
question the validity of the research and the integrity of the scientists
b)
consume a larger quantity of avocados
c)
tell all of your friends about the findings
d)
reread the article more carefully
40.
After you carefully make a decision, what is likely to happen?
a)
You will focus on the negative aspects of the choice you made.
b)
You will experience dissonance for several days
c)
You will start to think more and more about the good qualities of your decision
d)
You will begin to regret all the time you put into making your decision
41.
__________ refers to the dissonance aroused after we have chosen between two or more alternatives.
a)
Justification of effort
b)
Postdecision dissonance
c)
Insufficient justification
d)
Decisional regret
42.
Jorge has just undergone a three-week initiation process to become a member of a fraternity. During the initiation, he was made to do such things as shave his head, run naked through the cafeteria, and sing obnoxious fraternity songs during classes. Jorge now considers the fraternity the best thing that’s ever happened to him and is convinced that his fraternity brothers are friends for life. Jorge’s attitude towards his fraternity is probably the result of __________.
a)
postdecision dissonance
b)
the overjustification effect
c)
insufficient justification
d)
effort justification
43.
Who is most likely to enjoy a boring and lackluster rock-and-roll concert performed by washed-up, fiftysomething “has-beens”?
a)
Paul, who won the tickets in a radio trivia quiz
b)
Mick, who waited in line all night for the tickets
c)
Keith, who got the tickets for his birthday from his Aunt Bertha
d)
Rod, who used to work as a soundman for the band
44.
People are unlikely to change their attitudes after saying something they don’t truly believe if there is __________ for the lie.
a)
insufficient justification
b)
external justification
c)
postdecision regret
d)
insufficient rationalization
45.
Recall that Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell someone else that a tedious, boring task was really interesting. Participants paid __________ modified their original attitudes because they had __________ for lying.
a)
$20; an abundance of external justification
b)
$1; little external justification
c)
$20; minimal external justification
d)
$1; little internal justification
46.
Survivor is a reality TV show on which a group of contestants are stranded on a remote island with very few resources. Reality TV shows are most like __________ research in social psychology.
a)
Observational
b)
Archival
c)
Experimental
d)
Cross-sectional
47.
The tendency most people have to discount situational explanations of behavior in favor of personality characteristics or traits is called the __________.
a)
Character bias
b)
Discounting effect
c)
Fundamental Attribution Error
d)
Blame assignment bias
48.
Both Roger and Brianna attend a rally for a local politican. Roger has already attended several rallies and volunteered for this politican; Brianna doesn't have strong feelings about politics and tags along just because Roger is going. After the rally, Brianna's attitude towards the politican changes more than Roger's attitude. This effect is best explained by which theory?
a)
Self-presentation theory.
b)
Cognitive dissonance theory.
c)
Balance theory.
d)
Self-perception theory.
49.
Dave is a great athlete. He is confident in his abilities and skills, and could be desribed as having strong feelings of...
a)
high-confidence
b)
self-perception
c)
self-efficacy
d)
self-belief
50.
When good things happen, people with high self-esteem are likely to...
a)
forget about the happiness and move on.
b)
savor and appreciate the feelings at a deep level.
c)
focus on the negative side of things.
d)
maintain a neutral mood.
51.
Carter has a hard time estimating how much time it will take him to finish his essay, Carter is showing signs of _____.
a)
Attitude
b)
Automatic Thinking
c)
Availability Heuristic
d)
Planning Fallacy
52.
A study in which all participants experience all of the conditions of an experiment exhibits a:
a)
Within-participant design
b)
operational design
c)
correlational design
d)
between-participant design
53.
Because of random _______, John was given just as much of a chance to be included in a study as anyone else in the population being studied. Random ______ is the reason that John has just as much of a chance as anyone to be in a given condition for the experiment.
a)
assignment; sampling
b)
representation; assignment
c)
sampling; assignment
d)
assignment; representation
54.
In group tasks, self is perceived as contributing more if the group succeeds, but less if the group fails. This is an example of:
a)
self-comparison
b)
beneffectance
c)
motivational bias
d)
self-perception theory
55.
System _ thinking is fast and efficient, while System _ thinking is slow and effortful
a)
2;1
b)
3;1
c)
1;2
d)
2; 3
56.
Identify a scenario of culture mismatch.
a)
A first generation college student attends Purdue University.
b)
An older man switches companies after being with the same company for 3 years
c)
You switch majors three years into your undergraduate degree
d)
A student takes 2 gap years from college, while all his siblings attend school college immediately
57.
Which of the following is an operational definition of aggression?
a)
getting really really mad
b)
intent to cause harm
c)
number of shocks in a certain experiment
d)
being violent towards someone
58.
Which of the following is an example of the looking glass self idea?
a)
you join a soroity and everyone tell you that you are funny. Therefore, you start to think that you are funny
b)
Your mom tellls you that you are beautiful, therefore you believe that you are beautiful
c)
Both A and B
d)
Neither A or B
59.
Which one of the following is NOT an example of priming?
a)
smelling cleaner when you get to the office, then being asked about overall office quality
b)
holding hot coffee, then making a judgement about another individual after shaking hands
c)
giving your dog a treat after it correctly completes a trick
d)
seeing pictures of money, then being asked to identify which corporations are the most important
60.
All of the following have been a resolution response to the replication crisis EXCEPT:
a)
Fewer participants, so fewer moving pieces
b)
Pre-registration of studies to prevent p-hacking
c)
More participants, more robust
d)
More replication, before studies are accepted
61.
Which is an example of the availability heuristic?
a)
Judging someone’s personality because they work in sales
b)
Having an excessive fear of thunderstorms because it was in the news
c)
Blaming your own mistakes on someone nearby
d)
A suspect in a recording seeming more guilty because the camera is more focused on them
62.
Kayla was having a bad day and was feeling pretty sad. Her friend Justin told her to bite on a pen for a while to feel better. What strategy was Justin trying to use?
a)
Emotional Contagion
b)
Self-Affirmation Theory
c)
Facial Feedback Effect
d)
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
63.
Sarah is giving a speech on a stance that she does not personally support. As the presentation continues, Sarah attitude towards the stance is likely to
a)
Believe in the stance she has taken more
b)
See the flaws in her stance and believe in it less
c)
Stay the same
d)
Change based on what the audience believes
64.
Which of the following is an example of terror management theory?
a)
As an old scientist, Jerry is anxious about dying before he becomes published/well-known in his field.
b)
Maria is in second grade and feels she does well in spelling. When Maria takes a spelling test, she gets an A most every time.
c)
Jane has always wanted to join the family business. Diana has recently taken on a huge role in the company, expanding its clientele and increasing profits.
d)
When Viv confronts his friend, he reacts with anger, aggression, and retaliation.
65.
The pronouns "we" and "us" are heavily associated with which type of culture?
a)
Independent
b)
Interdependent
c)
Western
d)
Individualistic
66.
Josh is writing a research paper and claims that students who get more sleep before an exam will perform better than someone who sleeps less hours. When finding sources, he chooses to ignore articles that disprove his hypothesis. His actions best represent ___________.
a)
Confirmation bias
b)
Hindsight bias
c)
Self-verification
d)
Ideological echo chambers
67.
Allie sees a woman wearing glasses and assumes she is a teacher, whereas when she sees a man wearing a leather jacket she assumes he is a truck driver. Which of these explains how Allie came to this conclusion?
a)
Availability heuristic
b)
Counterfactual thinking
c)
Representativeness heuristic
d)
Illusory thinking
68.
Phillip cuts Lizzie off on the highway. According to the fundamental attribution error, how is Lizzie likely to explain his behavior?
a)
He was probably late for a meeting
b)
He is a rude and impatient man
c)
He must not have seen her car
d)
He was rushing home for an emergency
69.
Because of counterfactual thinking, which medal is the most upsetting for athletes?
a)
Gold
b)
Silver
c)
Bronze
d)
All three medals are equally upsetting
70.
What is the purpose of deception in research studies?
a)
So people don’t change their behaviors to create biases
b)
So people feel dumb and don’t know whats going on
c)
So people change their behavior in the study
d)
For the people in the study not to change their behavior during the experiment: act as they would and not alter their behavior
71.
Which of the following is NOT a solution for the Replication Crisis?
a)
more research publications
b)
more participants
c)
re-registration
d)
more replication
72.
Kelly received a bad grade on her most recent Social Psychology exam. She told all of her friends that she only received such a low grade because there were too many distractions in the room which she took the exam. This is an example of:
a)
Barnum Effect
b)
Dispositional attribution
c)
situational attribution
d)
self-fulfilling prophecy
73.
Attitudes are more likely to predict behavior when:
a)
other influences are maximized
b)
the attitudes correspond to a specific behavior
c)
attitudes are less strong
d)
attitudes are less salient
74.
Women participants rated a number of domestic appliances and then chose one of the appliances to receive as a gift. After choosing one of the appliances as a gift, the women particpants rated each appliance again. Which set of findings illustrates post-decisional dissonance?
a)
After making their decision, the women students increased their ratings of the domestic appliance they had selected as a gift and decreased their ratings of the appliance they rejected.
b)
After making their decision, the women students decreased their ratings of the domestic appliance they had selected as a gift and increased their ratings of the appliance they had rejected.
c)
After making their decision, the women students held the same ratings of the domestic appliance they had selected as a gift but decreased their ratings of the appliance they rejected.
d)
After making their decision, the women students increased their ratings of the domestic appliance they had selected as a gift but held the same ratings of the appliance they rejected.
75.
____ are mental templates by which we organize our worlds.
a)
social categorization
b)
judgements
c)
social comparison
d)
schema
76.
When problems arise in a close relationship, we usually attribute more responsibility to our partners than to ourseleves. This idea is an example of which key social psychology concept?
a)
Self-interest colors our social judgement
b)
Social surroundings affect our self-awareness
c)
Social relationships help define our sense of self
d)
Self-concern motivates our social behavior
Reset
