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WorksheetsU4 AP Biology Cell communication & cycle
Total questions: 72
Worksheet time: 1hrs 14mins
Plant cells can exchange small soluble compounds with neighboring cells directly through junctions in the cell wall called -
gap junctions
thylakoids
stomata
plasmodesmata
Which of these is a common type of final response in a signal transduction pathway?
Activation of a G-protein receptor
Transcription of a desired mRNA sequence
Formation of cAMP
Phosphorylation cascade
Glucagon causes the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose for cells. What conditions would trigger the release of glucagon?
High blood sugar
Low blood pH
High heart rate
Low cellular ATP concentration
This diagram shows transduction of a signal. How is the signal being transduced to its target location in the cell?
A hormone is binding to an intracellular protein receptor
Transport vesicles are passing neurotransmitters to neighboring cells
Enzymes are passing phosphate groups down a series of proteins
cAMP is formed activating a desired response
What is a catabolic reaction?
A reaction that requires an input of energy
A reaction that forms complex molecules from simple building blocks
A reaction that releases energy
A reaction that breaks down complex molecules into their components
Why do hormones not affect every cell in the body when they are released?
All cells are affected by a hormone when it is released
A cell needs a specific receptor for the hormone to be affected
A cell must have the proper ATP levels to activate a cellular response
Cells need compatible DNA for the hormone to activate transcription of a gene
Secondary messengers that can activate or deactivate enzymes in a cell are typically part of which step of cell signaling?
Reception
Transduction
Response
Which of these cellular components are most directly involved with density dependent inhibition in the cell cycle?
Membrane proteins
Spindle fibers
Nucleus
Centrioles
If a medicine works by blocking a secondary messenger, what effect would it have on that cell signaling pathway?
It would increase the response if the pathway
It would trigger the release of more ligands
It would activate the transcription of a desired gene
It would inhibit transduction, thus deactivating the response
When we are dehydrated, ADH is released which causes more water to be absorbed into our bloodstream. What type of feedback does this represent?
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?
Insulin lowering blood sugar
Immune cells releasing inflammatory cytokines
Breathing faster to release excess CO2
Shivering to increase blood temperature
How is negative feedback different from positive feedback?
Negative feedback harms the body
Negative feedback works to reverse a change in a system
Negative feedback is rarer than positive
Negative feedback is slower than positive feedback
What important event happens during the S-phase of the cell cycle?
The mitotic spindle forms
The nuclear membrane breaks down
DNA replication
Sister chromatids separate
After metaphase what phase occurs next in mitosis?
Prophase
Prometaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Which of the following describes anaphase?
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane is broken down
Sister chromatids are separated and kinetochores begin pulling chromosomes to opposite poles
Spindle fibers attach to centromeres and begin moving sister chromatids towards the cell's equator
Chromosomes decondense and two nuclei form within the cell
How much DNA should a daughter cell at the end of cytokinesis have when compared to the original parent cell?
Half the amount
The exact same amount
Double the amount
What is the end result of mitosis?
An undifferentiated stem cell
4 genetically unique haploid cells
2 genetically identical diploid cells
2 genetically unique daughter cells
Which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the greatest amount of time in?
S phase
Interphase
M-phase
Cytokinesis
Mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle will most likely lead to what disease?
Cancer
Apoptosis
Meiosis
Diabetes
How are cancerous cell different from healthy cells?
The have a much shorter cell cycle
They do not need nutrients to survive
They are reliant upon density dependent inhibition
They have twice as much genetic material
How are cyclins and CDKs involved with the cell cycle?
Cyclins stop the cell cycle from proceeding
Cyclins and CDKs make up a protein ring used to perform cytokinesis
Cyclins activate CDKs, which perform the work of cell division
CDKs are secreted from cells to trigger division in neighboring cells
What is the function of CDKs in the cell cycle regulation?
Promote cell death
Regulate cell metabolism
Maintain cell structure
Control the progression of the cell cycle
Choose the correct order of communication.
reception, response, transduction
transduction, reception, response
response, transduction, reception
reception, transduction, response
What is the name of the signaling molecule in cell communication?
ligand
receptor
operon
inhibitor
Long distance signals involving hormones are ________ signals.
paracrine
synaptic
endocrine
Adrenaline is released from your adrenal glands to affect various systems in the body. This is an example of ____ signaling.
synaptic
endocrine
paracrine
autocrine
Phosphorylation cascades are often used for
reception
responses
amplification
termination
Programmed cell death is known as
mutation
termination
cytokinesis
apoptosis
What type of signaling is shown here?
autocrine
synaptic
endocrine
paracrine
What determines whether a signal molecule binds on the surface or enters the cell?
size
polarity
ability to cross the membrane
all of these
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
cAMP
G-protein
protein kinases
phosphatases
Communication between neighboring/touching cells is common in plants.
True
False
An example of DIRECT cell communication is:
White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info
Neurons communicating across a synapse
Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues
An example of LOCAL cell communication is:
White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info
Neurons communicating across a synapse
Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues
Name the structure labeled 'B' (see image)
Post synaptic terminal
Receptor
Ligand
Neurotransmitter
The structure labeled 'E' is called _____ and is filled with ______
Vacuole; lipids
Synapse; neurotransmitters
Membrane; lipids
Vesicle; neurotransmitters
What is 'C' labeling? (See image)
G protein
Adenylyl Cyclase
Kinase
ATP
What is 'D' labeling? (See image)
Alpha subunit
Glycogen
Kinase
ATP
What is 'F' labeling? (See image)
cAMP
ATP
Alpha subunit
G protein
cAMP binds to ________ and phosphorylates the catalytic portion.
Phosphorylase
Adenylyl cyclase
Protein kinase
ATP
cAMP is considered a "secondary messenger" which takes the original message (from the ligand) and _____________.
amplifies it (spreads/grows it)
shuts it off
simply transfers the message to one kinase molecule
An example of DISTANCE cell communication is:
White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info
Neurons communicating across a synapse
Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues
Which of the following membrane-bound organelles is responsible for hydrolysis (using enzymes to break down macromolecules)?
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
In plants, what is the primary function of vacuoles?
To maintain water pressure inside of the cell.
To remove waste from inside of the cell.
To store nutrients inside of the cell.
To synthesize new membranes for the cell.
Assuming that the purple molecules are too large to pass through the membrane, what would happen to the water level as a result of osmosis?
The water level would rise on the A side
The water level would rise on the B side
The water level would remain constant
The water level would drop on the A side.
An animal cell lacking in carbohydrates on the external surface of its plasma membrane would likely be impaired in which function?
transporting ions against an electrochemical gradient
cell-cell recognition
attaching the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton
establishing a diffusion barrier to charged molecules
A cell with a water potential of -1.5 bars is placed in a beaker of sugar water with Ψs = -4.0 bars. In which direction will the net flow of water be?
Out of the cell
Into the cell
Both into and out of the cell
Neither into nor out of the cell
What stage is represented with this image?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What stage is represented with this image?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Structure A refers to the _____.
chromatid
chromosome
centromere
Mitosis in animals creates which kind of cells
Diploid
Haploid
Gametes
Somatic
If a cell has 20 chromosomes and under goes mitosis twelve times how many chromosomes will the daughter cell have?I
20
40
240
10
Phase?
prophase
anaphase
metaphase
telophase
interphase
Phase?
prophase
anaphase
metaphase
telophase
interphase
Phase?
prophase
anaphase
metaphase
telophase
interphase
Phase?
prophase
anaphase
metaphase
telophase
interphase
Phase?
prophase
anaphase
metaphase
telophase
interphase
Phase?
prophase
anaphase
metaphase
telophase
interphase
Q7. In Somatic cell cycle
In G1 phase DNA content is double the amount of DNA present in the origin cell
G2 phase follows mitotic phase
a short phase followed b along mitotic phase
DNA replication takes place in S phase
Q12. Cell plate formation is present in
Bacterial Cell
Viruses
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
