Free Printable AP Biology

1.

In a population of 200 offspring, how many would you expect to be homozygous recessive in a cross between a heterozygous and a homozygous recessive parent?

a)

0

b)

50

c)

100

d)

150

e)

200

2.

In a cross between an individual with type A blood and an individual with type B blood, what is the probability of an offspring with type O blood?

a)

0/4

b)

1/4

c)

1/2

d)

3/4

e)

4/4

3.

In a cross between two roan cows (codominant), what is the probability of a white cow?

a)

0/4

b)

1/4

c)

2/4

d)

3/4

e)

4/4

4.

This process involves homologous chromatids exchanging genetic material to increase genetic diversity.

a)

crossing over

b)

random fertilization

c)

independent assortment

d)

gene flow

5.

Which of the following does NOT support the concept of common ancestry for all organisms?

a)

DNA/RNA (genetic code) are shared by all living systems

b)

Ribosomes are found in all forms of life

c)

Glycolysis takes place in all organisms

d)

All organisms undergo sexual reproduction

6.

Which of the following best describes the inheritance pattern of the shown pedigree?

a)

Autosomal Dominant

b)

Sex-Linked Dominant

c)

Autosomal Recessive

d)

Sex-Linked Recessive

7.

In animals, traits determine by the mitochondrial DNA are inherited from the _______________.

a)

mother

b)

brother

c)

father

d)

sister

8.

Describe the process of nondisjunction.

a)

Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information

b)

The alignment of the chromosomes on the metaphase plate

c)

Homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids remain attached during anaphase

d)

The process of sperm and egg fusing to create a zygote

9.

Describe why a male is more likely to be affected by a sex-linked trait?

a)

Males have only 1 Y chromosome

b)

Females have only 1 Y chromosome

c)

Males have only 1 X chromosome

d)

Females have only 1 X chromosomes

10.

The diagram above illustrates which of the following processes?

a)

Crossing-over

b)

Base pair subsitution

c)

Duplication

d)

Deletion

11.

Can a human male be a carrier of red-green color blindness?

a)

Yes, males can be carriers of red-green color blindness, as color blindness is autosomal dominant

b)

No, males cannot be the carriers of red-green color blindness, as color blindness is X-linked

c)

No, males cannot be the carriers of red-green color blindness, as color blindness is Y-linked

d)

Yes, males can be carriers of red-green color blindness, as color blindness is autosomal recessive

12.

What is an example of a codominant trait in the human body?

a)

Hair color

b)

Skin Color

c)

Blood Type

d)

Color Blindess

13.

Susy has blonde hair (hh). Her mother has blonde hair, and her father has brown hair (dominant trait). What are the genotypes of Molly's parents?

a)

Mom: hh; Dad: HH

b)

Mom: hh, Dad: Hh

c)

Mom: hh, Dad; hh

d)

Mom: HH, Dad: HH

14.

In Snowmen, three buttons (B) is dominant to two buttons (b), and a carrot nose (N) is dominant to a coal nose (n). What would be the genotype of a snowman that was homozygous recessive for button number and heterozygous for nose type?

a)

BBNn

b)

bbNN

c)

bbNn

d)

BbNn

15.

What is codominance?

a)

Both alleles are partially expressed

b)

Both alleles are recessive

c)

Both alleles are equally strong and visible

d)

Neither allele is expressed

16.

What is incomplete dominance?

a)

One allele is expressed over the other in a heterozygote

b)

When both alleles are expressed in a heterozygote

c)

A blend of the parental traits; neither is dominant

d)

When your parents can't agree on what's for dinner

17.

What is a gene loci

a)

Heterozygous carrier of a recessive disease

b)

Having two copies of the same dominant allele

c)

Specific positions of genes on a chromosome

d)

Having two copies of the same recessive allele

18.

Which of these is NOT a type of Chromosomal Alteration?

a)

Deletion

b)

Duplication

c)

Translocation

d)

Transcription

19.

Linked genes are on the same ......

a)

gamete.

b)

karyotype.

c)

chromosome.

d)

clothesline.

20.

Which of the following is a predicted ratio of a dihybrid cross?

a)

9:3:3:1

b)

9:3:4

c)

1:2:1

d)

1:1:1:1

21.

Imagine you are performing a cross involving garden pea plants. What F1 offspring would you expect if you cross true-breeding parents with green seeds with yellow seeds? Yellow seed color is dominant over green.

a)

100 percent yellow-green seeds

b)

100 percent yellow seeds

c)

50 percent yellow, 50 percent green seeds

d)

25 percent green, 75 percent yellow

22.

If blue and red true-breeding flowers are mated and result is all purple offspring, what inheritance pattern would this be indicative of?

a)

Codominance

b)

Dominance

c)

Incomplete dominance

d)

Multiple Alleles

23.

In snapdragons come in three colors yellow (YY), blue (BB), and green (YB). What would be the chances of having green flowers if you crossed a blue snapdragon with a green snapdragon?

a)

25 %

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

0%

24.

In Snowmen, three buttons (B) is dominant to two buttons (b), and a carrot nose (N) is dominant to a coal nose (n). What is one of the possible allele combinations that could be found in the gametes of a snowman that is homozygous recessive for both traits?

a)

Bn

b)

bN

c)

BN

d)

bn

25.

Rhett has a type O blood. Scarlett has type AB. Tara has type B, could Tara be their daughter?

a)

Possibly

b)

Definitely not

c)

The butler did it

d)

Can't tell from the information given

26.

The failure of a chromosome pair to separate properly can be a(n) _______________.

a)

monosomy

b)

trisomy

c)

nondisjunction

d)

all of the above

27.

Two chromosomes in the nucleus that carry genes for the same traits are known as

a)

complementary chromosomes

b)

heterologous chromosomes

c)

homologous chromosomes

d)

BFF4L

28.

The sex determining region of the Y chromosome is known as a(n)

a)

Barr body

b)

TATA region

c)

SRY region

d)

Operator

29.

What is an allele?

a)

Segment of DNA

b)

One of the alternate forms of a gene

c)

A phenotype

d)

One of the alternative forms of DNA

30.

According to Mendel's Law of Segregation,

a)

there is a 50% probability that a gamete will get a dominant allele

b)

allele pairs segregate of independent other pairs of alleles in gamete form

c)

allele pairs separate in gamete formation.

d)

there is a 3:1 ratio in the $f^2$ generation

31.

What is the difference between the multiplication rule and the addition rule?

a)

Multiply = independent Addition = mutually exclusive

b)

Multiply = mutually exclusive Addition = independent

c)

Multiply = dependent Addition = mutually exlusive

d)

Multiply = mutually exclusive Addition = dependent

32.

What is the difference between polygenic inheritance and multiple alleles?

a)

No difference

b)

Multiple alleles focus on 1 gene, polygenic inheritance doesn't

c)

Polygenic inheritance is multiple genes, alleles are 1 gene

d)

None of the above

33.

Epistasis is when

a)

1 gene alters phenotypic expression of another gene

b)

When a trait is inherited by incomplete and codominance

c)

There is codominance and 2 alleles affect the phenotype

d)

An astronaut is put into a medically induced sleep

34.

Pleiotropy is...

a)

When a trait is coded for by one gene

b)

When a trait is coded for by several genes

c)

When one gene codes for several traits

d)

When environment affects a trait

35.

Hemizygous means...

a)

you have two of the same allele (version of the gene).

b)

you have two different alleles (versions of the gene).

c)

A homozygote and heterozygote have a baby

d)

you have only one gene instead of two.

36.

Which of the following form(s) a Barr body

a)

one of the Y chromosomes in a male cell

b)

one of the X chromosomes in a male cell

c)

one of the X chromosomes in a female cell

d)

both of the X chromosomes in a female cell

37.

A linkage map shows the relative location of ________ on chromosomes

a)

genes

b)

mutations

c)

mistakes

d)

pathogens

38.

This karyotype is that of a...

a)

Male

b)

Female

39.

What is karyotype?

a)

the process that produces body cells

b)

the process that produces sex cells

c)

a picture of chromosomes arranged by size and shape

d)

results of reproductive cells joining

40.

Name this phase of Meiosis

a)

Anaphase II

b)

Anaphase I

c)

Metaphase I

d)

Metaphase II

41.

The phase in Meiosis where crossing over occurs:

a)

Metaphase I

b)

Prophase I

c)

Prophase II

d)

Profés

42.

Name this phase of Meiosis:

a)

Telophase I

b)

Prophase II

c)

Telophase II

d)

Anaphase II

43.

The phase in Meiosis in which 2 daughter cells are formed:

a)

Anaphase I

b)

Anaphase II

c)

Telophase I

d)

Metaphase II

44.

The phase of Meiosis in which chromatids separate:

a)

Prophase II

b)

Metaphase II

c)

Telophase II

d)

Anaphase II

45.

In humans, the haploid number of chromosomes is ____.

a)

23

b)

46

c)

69

d)

92

46.

In the cross AaBbCc x AaBbCc, what is the probability of producing the genotype AABBCC? Try to do this without making punnett squares!

a)

1/4

b)

1/8

c)

1/16

d)

1/32

e)

1/64

47.

Given the parents AABBCc x AabbCc, assume simple dominance for each trait and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to phenotypically resemble the first parent?

a)

1/4

b)

1/8

c)

3/4

d)

3/8

e)

1

48.

Which of the following is the best statement of the use of the addition rule of probability?

a)

the probability that two or more independent events will both occur

b)

the probability that two more more independent event will both occur in the offspring of one set of parents

c)

the probability that either one of two independent events will occur

d)

the probability of producing two or more heterozygous offspring

e)

the likelihood that a trait is due to two or more meiotic events

49.

Which of the following calculations require that you utilize the addition rule?

a)

calculate the probability of black offspring from the cross AaBb x AaBb, when B is the symbol for black

b)

calculate the probability of children with both cystic fibrosis and polydactyly when parents are each heterozygous for both genes

c)

calculate the probability of each of four children having cystic fibrosis if the parents are both heterozygous

d)

calculate the probability of a child having either sickle-cell anemia or cystic fibrosis if parents are each heterozygous for both

e)

calculate the probability of purple flower color in a plot of 50 plant seeds from a self-fertilizing heterozygous parent plant

50.

In cattle, roan color (mixed red and white hairs) occurs in the heterozygous (Rr) offspring of red (RR) and white (rr) homozygotes. Which of the following crosses would produce offspring in the ration of 1 red: 2 roan: 2 white?

a)

red and white

b)

roan and roan

c)

white and roan

d)

red and roan

e)

the answer cannot be determined from this informaton provided

51.

Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, pancreas, the digestive system, and other organs resulting in symptoms ranging from breathing difficulties to recurrent infections. Which of the following terms best describes this?

a)

incomplete dominance

b)

multiple alleles

c)

pleiotropy

d)

epistasis

e)

codominance

52.

Hydrangea plant of the same genotype are planted in a large flower garden. Some of the plants produce blue flowers and others pink flowers. This can best be explained by which of the following?

a)

the knowledge that multiple alleles are involved

b)

the allele for blue hydrangea being completely dominant

c)

the allels being codominant

d)

the fact that mutation has occured

e)

phenotypic plasticity due to environmental factors

53.

Which of the following is an example of epistasis?

a)

recessive genotypes for each of the two genes (aabb) results in albino corn snake

b)

the allele b17 produces a dominant phenotype, although b1 and b16 do not

c)

in rabbits and many other mammals, one genotype (cc) prevents any fur color from developing

d)

in Drosophila (fruit flies), white eyes can be due to an X-linked gene or to a combination of other genes

e)

in cacti, there are several genes for the type of spines

54.

How could you best predict the maximum number of alleles for a single gene whose polypeptide product is unknown?

a)

search the population for all phenotypic variants of this polypeptide

b)

count the number of amino acids in the poly peptide

c)

mate all known genotypes and collect all possible offspring different from the paremts

d)

measure the rate of new mutations in the species and estimate the number since it first evolved

e)

count the number of each DNA nucleotide that is in the code for the polypeptides

55.

A scientist discovers a DNA-based test for one allele of a particular gene. This and only this allele, if homozygous, produces an effect that results in death at or about the time of birth. Of the following, which is the best use of this discovery?

a)

screen all newborns of an at-risk population

b)

design a test for identifying heterozygous carries of the allele

c)

introduce a normal allele into deficient newborns

d)

follow the segregation of the allele during meiosis

e)

test school age children for the disorder

56.

The pedigree picture is for a family, some of whose members exhibit the dominant trait, W. Affected individuals are represented by a dark shading.

What is the genotype of individual II-5

a)

WW

b)

Ww

c)

ww

d)

WW or ww

e)

ww or Ww

57.

The pedigree picture is for a family, some of whose members exhibit the dominant trait, W. Affected individuals are represented by a dark shading.

What is the likelihood that the progeny of IV-3 and IV-4 will have the trait?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

e)

100%

58.

The pedigree picture is for a family, some of whose members exhibit the dominant trait, W. Affected individuals are represented by a dark shading.

What is the probability that individual III-1 is Ww?

a)

3/4

b)

1/4

c)

2/4

d)

2/3

e)

1

59.

Use the pedigree for a family in which dark-shaded symbols represent individuals with one of the two major types of colon cancer. Numbers under the symbols are the individual's age at the time of the diagnosis. The crossed out line indicates a deceased individual.

What is the genotype of the deceased individual in generation II?

a)

homozygous for a gene for colon cancer

b)

homozygous for both cancer alleles from his mother

c)

heterozygous for a gene for colon cancer

d)

affected by the same colon cancer environmental factor as mom

e)

carrier of all of the several known genes for colon cancer

60.

Use the pedigree for a family in which dark-shaded symbols represent individuals with one of the two major types of colon cancer. Numbers under the symbols are the individual's age at the time of the diagnosis. The crossed out line indicates a deceased individual.

In each generation of this family after generation I, the age at diagnosis is significantly lower than would be found in nonfamilial (sporadic) cases of this cancer (about 63 years). What is most likely the reason?

a)

Members of this family known to be checked for colon cancer early in life.

b)

Hereditary (or familial) cases of this cancer typically occur at earlier ages than do nonfamilial forms.

c)

This is pure chance; it would not be expected if you were to look at a different family.

d)

This cancer requires mutations in more than this one gene.

e)

Affected members of this family are born with colon cancer, and it can be detected whenever they are first tested.

61.

Use the pedigree for a family in which dark-shaded symbols represent individuals with one of the two major types of colon cancer. Numbers under the symbols are the individual's age at the time of the diagnosis. The crossed out line indicates a deceased individual.

From this pedigree, how does this trait seem to be inherited?

a)

from mothers

b)

as an autosomal recessive

c)

as a result of epistasis

d)

as an autosomal dominant

e)

as an incomplete dominant

62.

Two true breeding stocks of pea plants are crossed. One parent has red, axial flowers and the other has white, terminal flowers; all F1 individuals have red, axial flowers. The genes for flower color and location assort independently.

Among the F2 offspring what is the probability of plants with white, axial flowers?

a)

9/16

b)

1/16

c)

3/16

d)

1/8

e)

1/4

63.

Radish flowers may be red, purple, or white. A cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant yields all-purple offspring. The part of the radish we eat may be oval or long with long being the dominant characteristic.

If true-breeding red long radishes are crossed with true-breeding white oval radishes, the F1 will be expected to be which of the following?

a)

red and long

b)

red and oval

c)

white and long

d)

purple and long

e)

purple and oval

64.

Radish flowers may be red, purple, or white. A cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant yields all-purple offspring. The part of the radish we eat may be oval or long with long being the dominant characteristic.

In the F2 generation of the above cross, which of the following phenotypic ratios would be expected?

a)

9:3:3:1

b)

9:4:3

c)

1:1:1:1

d)

1:1:1:1:1

e)

6:3:3:2:1:1

65.

Radish flowers may be red, purple, or white. A cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant yields all-purple offspring. The part of the radish we eat may be oval or long with long being the dominant characteristic.

The flower color trait in radishes is an example of which of the following?

a)

multiple allelic system

b)

sex linkage

c)

codominance

d)

incomplete dominance

e)

epistasis

66.

Drosophila (fruit flies) usually have long wings (+) but mutations in two different genes can result in bent wings (bt) or vestigial wings (vt).

If a homozygous bent wing fly is mated with a homozygous vestigial wing fly, which of the following offspring would you expect?

a)

all +bt +vg heterozygotes

b)

1/2 bent and 1/2 vestigial flies

c)

all homozygous + flies

d)

3/4 bent to 1/4 vestigial

e)

1/2 bent and vestigial to 1/2 normal

67.

Drosophila (fruit flies) usually have long wings (+) but mutations in two different genes can result in bent wings (bt) or vestigial wings (vt).

In flies that are heterozygous for both the bent wing and the vestigial wing gen are mated, what is the probability of offspring with bent wings only?

a)

1/8

b)

3/8

c)

1/4

d)

9/16

e)

3/16

68.

Find the degrees of freedom.

a)

4

b)

5

c)

6

d)

7

69.

Which significance level
(column) do you look at when finding the critical value?

a)

.50

b)

.10

c)

.05

d)

.01

70.

How do you find degrees of freedom?

a)

one less than the possible genotypes

b)

one less than the possible phenotypes

c)

total number divided 2

d)

total number times 2

71.

How do you find critical value?

a)

where degrees of freedom lines up with significance level

b)

where significance level lines up with chi-square

c)

the difference between total and chi-square

d)

degrees of freedom minus significance level

72.

Observed in the wild are 10 circles, 20 squares and 30 triangles. The ratio for this particular population is 2:3:5
observed: 10 circles expected:
observed 20 squares expected : 18
observed 30 triangles expected: 30
What is the expected number for circles?

a)

6

b)

12

c)

18

d)

24

73.

Observed in the wild are 10 circles, 20 squares and 30 triangles. The ratio for this particular population is 2:3:5
observed: 10 circles expected: 12
observed 20 squares expected : 18
observed 30 triangles expected: 30
What is the degrees of freedom?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

74.

Observed in the wild are 10 circles, 20 squares and 30 triangles. The ratio for this particular population is 2:3:5
observed: 10 circles expected: 12
observed 20 squares expected : 18
observed 30 triangles expected: 30
What is the X² of this problem?

a)

.22

b)

.33

c)

.44

d)

.55

75.

Observed in the wild are 10 circles, 20 squares and 30 triangles. The ratio for this particular population is 2:3:5
observed: 10 circles expected: 12
observed 20 squares expected : 18
observed 30 triangles expected: 30
Would you accept or reject?

a)

accept

b)

reject

76.

What is the

χ²_calculatedvaluefor the following situation.

a)

6.65

b)

6.66

c)

0.00991

d)

1

77.

What is the purpose of a Chi-Square test?

a)

To determine if there is a significant difference between the observed and expected values in an experiment.

b)

To determine if there is a statistically significant difference between the observed and expected values in an experiment.

c)

To do extra math.

d)

To conclusively prove that your null hypothesis is true or false.

78.

Find the chi-squared calculated value for the table.

a)

0.486170447

b)

1.442392006

c)

1.45

d)

2

79.

Gregor Mendel was experimenting with peas and exploring the basics of genetics. He knew that green (G) is dominant over yellow (g) peas. In one experiment, he crossed a heterozygous green pea with a homozygous yellow pea. In the F1 generation he obtained a total of 400 peas out of which 180 were green and 220 were yellow.

a. Calculate the chi-square to the nearest tenth.

c. Explain if the null hypothesis can be kept or rejected.

a)

x²= 4; Null hypothesis can be rejected because chi-square is greater than the critical value of 3.84.

b)

x²= 4.5; Null hypothesis can be kept because chi-square is less than the critical value of 5.99

c)

x²= 2; Null hypothesis can be rejected because chi-square is less than the critical value of 5.99

d)

x²= 4; Null hypothesis can be kept because chi-square is greater than the critical value of 3.84

80.

What is the null hypothesis?

a)

Injury type is independent of position played

b)

Injury type is dependent on the position played independent

c)

Injury type is correlated to position played.

81.

This symbol denotes the null hypothesis

a)

Null hypothesis

b)

Alternative Hypothesis

c)

H₀

d)

H_a

82.

In the formula for Chi Sqare, the E stands for

a)

the sum

b)

the observed frequency

c)

The expected frequency

d)

the p value

83.

Recent revenue shortfalls in a midwestern state led to a reduction in the state budget for higher education. To offset the reduction, the largest state university proposed a 25% tuition increase. It was determined that such an increase was needed simply to compensate for the lost support from the state. Separate random samples of 50 freshmen, 50 sophomores, 50 juniors, and 50 seniors from the university were asked whether they were strongly opposed to the increase, given that it was the minimum increase necessary to maintain the university's budget at current levels. The results are in the table provided. Which hypotheses would be appropriate for performing a chi-square test?

a)

The null hypothesis is that the closer students get to graduation, the less likely they are to be opposed to tuition increases. The alternative is that how close students are to graduation makes no difference in their opinion.

b)

The null hypothesis is that the mean number of students who are strongly are opposed is the same for each of the 4 years. The alternative is that the mean is different for at least 2 of the 4 years.

c)

The null hypothesis is that the distribution of student opinion about the proposed tuition increase is the same for each of the 4 years at the university. The alternative is that the distribution is different for at least 2 of the 4 years.

d)

The null hypothesis is that year in school and student opinion about the tuition increase in the sample are independent. The alternative is that these variables are dependent.

84.

A chi-square test is used to test whether a 0 to 9 spinner is "fair" (that is, the outcomes are all equally likely). The spinner is spun 100 times, and the results are recorded. The expected counts for spinning a 5 will be

a)

5

b)

10

c)

11.1

d)

20

85.

The appropriate null hypothesis for performing a chi-square test is that

a)

equal proportions of female and male teenagers are almost certain they will be married in 10 years.

b)

there is no difference between the distributions of female and male teenagers' opinions about marriage in this sample.

c)

there is no difference between the distributions of female and male teenagers' opinions about marriage in the population.

d)

there is no association between gender and opinion about marriage in the sample.

e)

there is no association between gender and opinion about marriage in the population.

86.

If the calculated chi square value is less than the critical value, then you

a)

fail to reject the null hypothesis

b)

cry

c)

reject the null hypothesis

d)

go home

87.

What is the critical value for a study with 8 outcomes in order to reach a confidence of p = 0.05?

a)

15.51

b)

14.07

c)

18.48

d)

9.49

88.

Labrador retriever's fur color is an example of epistasis. In this case the E gene controls the expression of the B gene. It a puppy was born with the genotype eeBB its fur color would be ________ and if it was born with the genotype EEbb it would be __________

a)

yellow, yellow

b)

yellow, black

c)

chocolate, black

d)

yellow, chocolate

89.

The probability that two or more independent events will occur together is the product of their separate probabilities

a)

product rule

b)

addition rule

90.

The probability that one of two or more mutually exclusive events will occur is the sum of their separate probabilities

a)

addition rule

b)

product rule

91.

The probability of anything can never be greater than

a)

50%

b)

100%

c)

120%

d)

25%

92.

Based on what you see on this Punnett square, the trait is an example of

a)

dominant or recessive

b)

codominance

c)

incomplete dominance

d)

X-linked

93.

In human blood, the H gene controls the expression of antigens A and B. The presence of homozygous recessive (hh) makes the the blood type O regardless of the other alleles. This is an example of

a)

incomplete dominance

b)

polygenic

c)

epistasis

d)

X-linked

94.

John is color-blind (XcY) and his dad is color-blind (XcY). What is the possible genotype of his mother who has normal vision?

(a)

95.

Chromosomal constitution in human females can be best written as___________.

a)

46

b)

44+2

c)

44A+XY

d)

44A+XX

96.

Two or more genes located on the same chromosome do not assort independently

a)

Continupus Variation

b)

Linkage

c)

Genomic imprinting

d)

Extranuclear inheritance

97.

Only the egg contains genetic information. A mother passes her trait to all her children. Only daughters can pass the same trait on to their children.

a)

Epistasis

b)

Genomic imprinting

c)

Linkage

d)

Extranuclear inheritance

98.

Which of the following organelles have a genome separate from the genome in the cell nucleus?

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Nucleolous

c)

Mitochondria

d)

E.R.

99.

The mechanism behind X-inactivation is the production of

a)

Epistatic effects

b)

Barr bodies

c)

Epigenetic effects

d)

Y-chromosome shortening

100.

How many genes does someone have for a genotype?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

AP Biology_Unit 5 Review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 25hrs 0mins

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