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WorksheetsAPES Review Units 1-5
Total questions: 116
Worksheet time: 3hrs 47mins
1. What is the best description of an ecosystem?
A. Biotic and Abiotic factors interacting.
B. All interspecies interactions.
C. The populations of all organisms in a given area interacting.
D. The interactions of plants and animals in a given area.
2. A scientist wants to create a diagram showing all of the complex interactions between species living in a local forest preserve, which type would be the most appropriate?
A. Energy pyramid
B. Food pyramid
C. Food web
D. Food chain
4. As energy moves within an ecosystem, how is the majority of it lost?
A. Cellular respiration
B. Light
C. Metabolism
D. Heat loss
5. Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is:
A. The total amount of energy stored by producers.
B. The potential energy that producers can make.
C. The total amount of energy from the sun.
D. The total amount of energy available.
7. The most abundant element in Earth's atmosphere is
A. Water
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon
D. Oxygen
8. A group of living organisms play a large role in the nitrogen cycle. Which group do they belong to?
A. Producers
B. Detritivores
C. Virus
D. Bacteria
9. Humans have altered the phosphorus cycle by
A. Clear-cutting forests.
B. Burning fossil fuels
C. Damming rivers for hydroelectric power.
D. Using fertilizers.
12. Earth's terrestrial biome with the greatest biodiversity is
A. Deserts
B. Savannahs
C. Rainforests
D. Grasslands
13. A scientist is tracking reindeer migrations and notices that they spend a significant amount of time on the permafrost. What type of biome are they in?
A. Chaparral
B. Tundra
C. Grasslands
D. Forest
15. An ecologist is writing up documentation to convince developers to leave a wetland as it is. What fact is inaccurate about the benefits of wetlands?
A. Wetlands filter pollutants out of the water.
B. Wetlands are a breeding site for fish and birds.
C. Wetlands are ideal for grazing cattle and other livestock.
D. Wetlands are areas of high primary productivity.
What properties will define a biome? Choose all correct
temperature
precipitation
country
wildlife
In the carbon cycle, something that gives off carbon would be called a what?
a sink
a source
a reseivoir
deposit
Reorder the following from bottom of the food chain to top 1 - lowest 5 - highest
primary producer
primary consumer
secondary consumer
tertiary consumer
top predator
The general enjoyment of a park that you can take a hike, swim or boat in, would fall under the category of which ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Supporting
Cultural
Regulating
The wood you could chop down and sell, or the fish you could catch and sell, would fall under the category of which ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Supporting
Cultural
Regulating
The bees pollinating crops or trees providing oxygen would fall under the category of which ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Supporting
Cultural
Regulating
If an island is closer to the mainland, how will this impact the biodiversity?
There will be a higher level of biodiversity here than an island that is further away.
There will be a lower level of biodiversity here than an island that is further away.
There will be no difference in biodiversity on islands based on distance to mainland.
Which of the following is NOT a factor that impacts ecological tolerance?
Temperature
pH
Humidity
Level of biodiversity
What is ecological succession?
A set of environmental conditions within which an organism can best survive
An organism's ability to adapt to its environment
A peak community where the organisms are stable
The process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time
What is ecological succession?
A set of environmental conditions within which an organism can best survive
An organism's ability to adapt to its environment
A peak community where the organisms are stable
The process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time
What stage of ecological succession is being shown?
Primary succession
Secondary succession
Tertiary succession
Climax community
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a natural disruption to an ecosystem?
Volcanic eruption
Hurricane
Air pollution
Earthquake
In a food web, what is another term for "top predator"?
Tertiary consumer
Climax consumer
Parasite
Apex predator
Which of the following is NOT a type of ecosystem service?
Cultural
Regulating
Recreational
Provisional
Which soil has 40% sand, 30% silt, and 30% clay?
Loam
Clay Loam
Sandy Clay Loam
Sandy Clay
Larger pore spaces generally create soils with
high permeability.
low permeability.
In which atmospheric layer do meteors burn up in?
Mesosphere
Exosphere
Stratosphere
Thermosphere
The SECOND most common gas in our atmosphere is ____.
N
O
Ne
Ar
Which is a direct result of the Coriolis Effect?
Upwellings
tides
ocean conveyor belt
Tsunami
Ocean gyres
Which two factors allow earth to experience four distinct seasons?
latitude & solar intensity
tilt of axis & rotation of axis
tilt of axis & rotation around sun
distance from sun & place in orbit around sun
What is the correct sequence of layers of the earth's atmosphere from earth's surface to space?
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere.
mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere, troposphere.
troposphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere.
stratosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere.
Observe this diagram of a plate boundary. One statement BEST describes what is happening. It is that
the oceanic crust is melting.
the denser ceanic crust is subducting under the less dense oceanic crust
volcanic islands are forming.
the tectonic plates are moving away from each other.
A divergent boundary occurs when plates ....
Pull apart
Come together
Slide past each other
subducting
What type of event will occur at this boundary?
Earthquake
Volcano Eruption
Tornado
Mountain Building
The type of plate boundary where two plates come together is a .....
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Transform Boundary
Plate Boundary
Which of the following is the largest carbon sink?
Atmosphere
Plants
Animals
Ocean
Which of the following would NOT lead to a decrease in TFR?
Increased access to birth control
Increased women's rights
Increased access to education
Improved drinking water
What type of population growth is being shown in this population pyramid?
Rapid growth
Stable growth
Declining growth
Why does the Earth have seasons?
Tilt of the Earth on its axis
Earth's shape
Earth's rotation around the Sun
Earth's rotation on its own axis
ENSO events take place in which ocean basin?
Atlantic
Indian
Pacific
Arctic
What is the shortest day of the year?
Summer solstice
Winter solstice
Spring equinox
Fall equinox
Which wind system is closest to the equator?
Doldrums
Westerlies
Polar easterlies
Trade winds
In which layer of the atmosphere does weather take place?
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
What type of plate boundary is most likely to cause the formation of a new landform?
Convergent
Subduction
Divergent
Transform
Because global fisheries have dramatically seen a reduction in fish numbers, this technique has been used recently to supplement that loss.
monocropping
IPM
contour farming
aquaculture
Which of the following would be an environmental impact of high density animal farming?
bad smells
livestock can escape
water pollution due to runoff
improvement of feeding efficiency
One of the advantages to using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is
reduce the need for pesticides
they are not regulated by the government
the concern about safety to consume
they can cause food allergies
When roots become saturated with water due to over-irrigation, it causes death in plant roots. This is called:
salinization
desertification
agroforestry
waterlogging
Over use of farmland can cause a depletion in soil nutrients and can lead to
waterlogging
desertification
irrigation
intercropping
New technology and farming methods began as a result of the _____________ revolution
red
blue
yellow
green
When irrigation water evaporates, salts are left behind on the soil surface and can cause plant death or lead to
soil salinization
desertification
waterlogging
monocropping
What is the definition of the tragedy of the commons?
When humans overuse a natural resource
When the short-term, positive effects go to the individual, while the long-term, negative effects are spread out to the group
When humans act selfishly, thinking of their own self-interest
When plants and animals compete for space, resources, and/or food
Which of the following are both examples of the tragedy of the commons?
Overfishing and earthquakes
Flooding and tsunamis
Pollution and overpopulation
Super-germs and virus outbreaks
Which of the following is an example of a solution to the tragedy of the commons?
Improving literacy among urban populations
Raising tax rates for large corporations
Inventing stronger antibiotics
Passing a law to set limits for fishermen
What are considered "the commons"
Common house hold items like knifes, spoons, and forks.
A renewable resource owned by no one and available for use by anyone at little or no charge
A field where college students can sit outside in between classes
In the movie "The Lorax" what was considered the commons?
The barbaloo bears
The truffula trees
The Once-ler
What is overgrazing?
When cows eat so much they get sick and throw up
When a section of land is used for extended periods of time, or without sufficient recovery periods.
When horses eat too much grass
What is one negative consequence oversfishing can lead to?
Fish can grow two heads
Fish species can adapt in order to escape fishermen
Fish species can either become depleted or very underpopulated in that given area.
Clearcutting is
A timber harvesting practice where all trees larger than 20 feet tall are cut harvested.
When logging companies plant new saplings in an area bigger than 1 hectare.
A timber harvesting practice where all of the trees in a given area are harvested at the same time.
When forestry services clear out the underbrush in a given area.
All the clearcutting facts below are true. Which are benefits or pros of clearcutting?
Clearcutting generates more consistent and higher rates of return for the logging companies and its investors
Consumer timber/lumber prices are kept low and predictable when clearcutting is used, since savings are passed on to consumers.
Clearcutting destroys plant life and animal habitats.
Clearcutting is aesthetically unappealing.
Which of the following agricultural inputs were the most recent technological innovations employed in less developed countries during the Green Revolution?
Metal plows and harvesting equipment
Irrigated farm fields
Seed hybrids and animal breeds
Chemical fertilizers and pesticides
Terracing in highland terrain
1. What is the Green Revolution?
a large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers.
a large decrease in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers.
Biotechnology production.
I don’t even know.
4. According to the GRAPH, did India's GRAIN production increase or decrease?
YES India's GRAIN production increased.
NO India's GRAIN production decreased.
NEITHER India's GRAIN production increased or decreased.
6. What biotechnology techniques were used during The Green Revolution?
Chemical fertilizers.
Chemical fertilizers, pesticides AND plant genetics.
pesticides.
plant genetics.
An insect population in an agricultural field is affected by monthly applications of a pesticide, as shown in the graph below. A likely cause of the overall increase in the insect population over time is...
a decrease in the moisture content of the soil
an increase in soil salinity
the survival of increasing numbers of resistant insects
an increase in the population of insect predators
environmental advantage of no-till agriculture
less erosion
decrease in labor costs
increased use of herbicides and pesticides
increased need for irrigation
"Roundup ready" GM crops are genetically modified to
be resistant to Roundup, a glyphosate herbicide
resist freezing temperatures
reproduce quickly and enable farmers to save seeds
be easier to harvest
This is the picture of __________ irrigation method
A) Drip
B) Sprinkle
C) Surface
The most expensive but most efficient method of irrigation is
Sprinkler
surface
Drip
Basin
Which of the following is a commercially used method for harvesting trees and is most likely to lead to a fragmented landscape with serious impacts on biodiversity?
Selective cutting
Clear-cutting
Shelter-wood cutting
Slash and burn clearing
This type of irrigation uses a large system of sprinklers that must be manually moved from field to field and has very large evaporative losses.
Drip Irrigation
Flood irrigation
Furrow irrigation
Spray irrigation
All of these are soil conservation methods except
no-till farming.
contour plowing.
building terraces.
monocropping.
Which IPM control relies on predation and parasitism?
Biological Control
Mechanical Control
Cultural Control
Genetic Control
Which of the following is a downside of GM crops? Select all that apply.
less biodiversity
can better withstand extreme weather events
possible harm to beneficial insects
require less water and fertilizer
higher crop yields
Which of the following is an example of a mechanical pest management strategy?
bringing in natural predators of the pest
spraying insecticide
filling up cracks in a building's exterior
Which of the following is a benefit of CAFOs?
decreased predation
increased disease spread
increased cost to consumer
better animal welfare
What does CAFO stand for?
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
Community Animal Feeding Operation
Community Agricultural Food Operation
Concentrated Agricultural Federal Opportunities
Why are cows fed corn in CAFOs?
It is cheap and accelerates growth
It prevents bacterial growth
It is easily dried and stored
Cows digest corn easily
Cows in CAFOs require more antibiotics because
they eat corn and stand in their own wastes
they are densely packed
the breed of cattle used in CAFOs tend to be weaker
they are older than grass fed beef
Producing meat always requires more land than a vegetarian diet because
of the 10% rule
cows are larger than grasses
CAFOs take up land
there are more calories in a steak than a salad
Compared with people in developing countries, people in industrialized countries are more likely to eat…
Beef
Corn
Rice
Beans
How are birds raised and slaugtered in 2008 different then 1950?
The chickens are made smaller and slaughtered sooner.
The chickens are made bigger and slaughtered later.
The chickens are made smaller and slaughtered later.
The chickens are made bigger and slaughtered sooner.
None of the above
What is the consequence of growing larger chickens?
they have more health issues
the meat has less flavor
the process is less efficient
they live longer
Which type of fishing has high rates of bycatch and highly destructive of benthic communities.
Pole Fishing
Long Line Fishing
Purse Seining
Trawling
What type of fishing has baited hooks are attached to a single fishing line that trails behind a ship
Pole Fishing
Long Line Fishing
Purse Seining
Trawling
Acid mine drainage is the result of
ash and air debris creating acid rain
boulders and debris blocking the flow of rivers/streams
toxins from water in mines drain into streams
minerals from mining being left behind creating pollution
Which of the following is NOT environmental impacts of mining?
Destroys natural communities over large areas.
Acid drainage pollutes groundwater.
Creates minimal dust.
Causes erosion
How has Covid-19 helped to reduce some of the negative effects of urban sprawl?
Covid-19 has encouraged people to shop online, which reduces the need for physical stores and helps to reduce pollution.
The pandemic has caused a shift in public opinion, leading to more support for green initiatives and sustainable development.
More people have switched to working from home, which has reduced the time taken to commute to work and the traffic issues and health problems that come with it
The economic downturn has led to fewer people moving to urban areas, reducing the strain on infrastructure and services.
What law regulates water pollution, including sewage systems?
Pollution Control Act
The Clean Water Act
Safe Drinking Water Act
Philadelphia is a relatively small city of 142 square miles. Over time, the urban area surrounding it expanded to 1800 square miles.
What is the name of this process?
urban crawl
urban sprawl
rural extension
urban stretch
An ecological footprint is
The amount of wilderness available on the earth
The amount of biologically productive land and water a person uses
A measure of the earth's biological capacity
A measure of a person's contribution to creating a sustainable environment
This method of forestry management reduces the probability of severe impacts from natural fires
clearcutting
selective cutting
controlled burning
reforestation
