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Biology Final review

Total questions: 118

Worksheet time: 2hrs 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Glucose is a _____.
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein 
d)
nucleic acid
2.
Proteins are composed of what smaller building blocks?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleic acids
c)
fatty acids
d)
nucleotides
3.
Building blocks of polymers.
a)
monomer
b)
polypeptide
c)
monosaccharide
d)
glycerol
4.
Attractions between water molecules are called
a)
Covalent bonds
b)
Ionic bonds
c)
Polar bonds
d)
Hydrogen bonds
5.
Which of the following binds to the active site of an enzyme? 
a)
substrate
b)
product
c)
codon
d)
none of the above
6.
What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
a)
The enzymes die.
b)
The shapes of the enzyme are altered or denatured
c)
The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.
d)
The enzymes remain the same
7.
Enzymes are _________ that __________ chemical reactions.
a)
proteins, slow down
b)
proteins, speed up
c)
lipids, slow down
d)
lipids, speed up
8.
The property where water molecules are attracted to other water molecules.
a)
adhesion
b)
capillary action
c)
cohesion
d)
universal solvent
9.

In a covalent bond, atoms

a)

share electrons

b)

transfer electrons

c)

attract water molecules to each other

d)

do not bond

10.

Water is a _ molecule.

a)

nonpolar

b)

polar

11.

Which is the strongest acid?

a)

ph of 1

b)

ph of 4

c)

ph of 7

d)

ph of 9

12.

A compound is made of up

a)

Two or more atoms

b)

Two or more different elements

c)

Two molecules

d)

Water and Oxygen

13.
Which statement best describes the graph shown?
a)
Reaction B occurs at a slower rate.
b)
The original reaction is catalyzed.
c)
Less energy is needed to start reaction B.
d)
More energy is released by the original reaction.
14.
Which phrase best describes an exothermic chemical reaction?
a)
releases more energy than it absorbs
b)
forms products with higher bond energy than reactants
c)
does not absorb any energy
d)
is in a state of equilibrium
15.
What is the term for the amount of energy that needs to be added for a chemical reaction to start?
a)
bond energy
b)
chemical energy
c)
activation energy
d)
reactant energy
16.
DNA and RNA are two types of
a)
proteins
b)
lipids
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
17.
Fats, oils, and cholesterol are all types of
a)
fatty acids
b)
lipids
c)
hormones
d)
cell membranes
18.
Carbon is unique due to the carbon atom’s
a)
hydrogen bonding strength
b)
ionic compounds
c)
six outer unpaired electrons
d)
bonding properties
19.
Chemical reactions that absorb more energy than they release are called
a)
exothermic
b)
catalyzed
c)
endothermic
d)
activated
20.
Identify the products in this reaction: 6H2O + 6CO2 →  C6H12O6+ 6O2.
a)
6H2O and 6CO2
b)
6CO2 and C6H12O6
c)
6H2O, C6H12O6, and 6O2
d)
C6H12O6 and 6O2
21.
Substances are changed into different substances when bonds break and form during
a)
ion formation
b)
chemical equilibrium.
c)
chemical reactions
d)
hydrogen bonding
22.
What is the atomic number of this atom?
a)
2
b)
4
c)
6
d)
none of the above
23.

Which Bohr model represents Neon?

a)
b)
c)
d)
24.

Which Nucleotide matches to Cytosine?

a)

Guanine

b)

Adenine

c)

Uracil

d)

Thymine

25.

A codon consists of ___ nucleotides?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

26.

This is the process by which double stranded DNA produces single stranded RNA:

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Translation

c)

Pollination

d)

Transcription

27.

This organelle is crucial for the translation process:

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Ribosome

c)

Gogli Apparatus

d)

Vacuole

28.

The DNA sequence UAGCGAUUACGU is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence?

a)

20

b)

4

c)

8

d)

12

29.
Which of the following sequences of processes correctly reflects the central dogma?
a)
protein synthesis, transcription, translation
b)
protein synthesis, translation, transcription
c)
transcription, translation, protein synthesis
d)
translation, transcription, protein synthesis
30.
Which do DNA and RNA have in common?
a)
Both are double stranded.
b)
Both contain ribose molecules.
c)
Both contain phosphate groups.
d)
Both contain uracil.
31.
If the structure of DNA were likened to a ladder, what would make up the “supporting structure” (not the “rungs”) of the ladder?
a)
amino acids and sugars
b)
nucleotide bases, including thymine
c)
nucleotide bases, including uracil
d)
sugar-phosphate molecules
32.
What is the complimentary mRNA sequence to the DNA sequence A-T-T-G-C-A.
a)
T-A-A-C-G-T
b)
U-A-A-C-G-T
c)
U-A-A-C-G-U
d)
T-A-A-G-C-U
33.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
34.
What are the building blocks of proteins called?
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Ribosomes
d)
Amino Acids
35.
DNA is often considered the "______________" of life.
a)
Blueprint
b)
Mistake
c)
Swimming Pool
d)
Smelly Cheese
36.
In RNA, the nitrogen base____ replaces ____ that was present in DNA. 
a)
A, U (adenine, uracil)
b)
C, G (cytosine, guanine)
c)
U, T (uracil, thymine)
d)
U, A (uracil, adenine)
37.
Translation occurs in the
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
cytoplasm
d)
golgi apparatus
38.

Genotype represents...

a)

your physical traits

b)

your genetic make up

c)

your mRNA

d)

your tRNA

39.

Phenotype represents...

a)

your physical traits

b)

your genetic make up

c)

your mRNA

d)

your tRNA

40.

Nucleotides are to nucleic acids, as ____________ are to proteins.

a)

codons

b)

peptides

c)

DNA

d)

amino acids

41.

What is the role of tRNA?

a)

To treat the DNA strand

b)

To transfer codons

c)

To transfer amino acids

d)

To tackle mutations

42.

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

a)

DNA has thymine, whereas RNA has uracil

b)

DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded

c)

DNA contains a sugar, RNA does not

d)

DNA cannot leave the nucleus, RNA can

43.

What role does the mRNA play in protein synthesis?

a)

mRNA modifies the original DNA strand

b)

mRNA mutates to form protein

c)

mRNA is the transcribed message from a DNA sequence

d)

mRNA moves the amino acids

44.

What does rRNA represent?

a)

Ribosomal RNA

b)

Reconstructed RNA

c)

Reactive RNA

d)

Reusable RNA

45.

Can more than one codon code for the same type of amino acid?

a)

yes

b)

no

46.
Which of the following cell types is formed by meiosis?
a)
muscle cells
b)
skin cells
c)
sperm cells
d)
blood cells
47.
What is one advantage of sexual reproduction?
a)
offspring are identical to parents
b)
offspring are resistant to viruses
c)
offspring are born live, rather thna from eggs
d)
offspring inherit a wider variety of genetic information
48.
What does heterozygous mean?
a)
An organism that has the same genes for a trait (TT or tt)
b)
An organism that has different genes for a trait (Tt)
c)
When neither gene is fully dominant; offspring is a mixture of both
d)
the different forms of a trait (hair color--> brown, blonde, red
49.
A heterozygous yellow pea plant's genotype would be:
a)
YY
b)
yy
c)
Yy
d)
Yg
50.
A corn plant heterozygous for tall sprouts mates with a corn plant with short sprouts. If tall sprouts are dominant, how many different phenotypes are possible in the offspring?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
51.
If T=Tall & t=short, what is the genotypic ratio?
a)
1:3
b)
3:1
c)
1:2:1
d)
2:2
52.
A dog gives birth to 5 puppies. What percentage of the chromosomes does each puppy share with the mother?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
53.

A gene is

a)

a section of DNA

b)

a chemical found in the nucleus of cells

c)

contains instructions for building a protein

d)

all of the above

54.

A nucleotide consists of

a)

DNA

b)

adenine and thymine

c)

A phosphate, sugar and nitrogenous base

d)

genes

55.

During meiosis, one parent cell gives rise to how many daughter cells?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

56.

Which of the following is homozygous recessive

a)

Rr

b)

RR

c)

rr

d)

all of them

57.
In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). If a rabbit has brown fur, what can you conclude about its genotype?
a)
It is BB.
b)
It is Bb
c)
It is brown
d)
It is bb.
58.
 One dog carries homozygous, long-haired traits (SS), and its mate carries homozygous short-haired traits (ss). Use a Punnett square to determine the probability of one of their offspring having long hair.
a)
100%
b)
75%
c)
50%
d)
25%
59.
Why are there no white rabbit babies?
a)
The white gene is not present in any of the babies.
b)
It takes two recessive genes to show the trait.
c)
Grey is a better color.
d)
Baby five will be white.
60.
Mutations are a change in what?
a)
DNA
b)
tRNA
c)
genotype
d)
phenotype
61.

CROSSING OVER INCREASES

a)

LIFE SPAN

b)

GENETIC VARIATION

c)

THE NUMBER OF OFF-SPRING

d)

ALL ARE TRUE

62.

MEIOSIS

a)

REDUCES THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES BY ONE HALF

b)

PRODUCES UNIQUE SEX CELLS-1N

c)

ALLOWS TRAITS TO BE PASSED TO OFFSPRING

d)

ALL ARE TRUE

e)

INCREASE GENETIC VARIATION

63.

MITOSIS

a)

INCREASES GENETIC VARIATION

b)

ALLOWS TRAITS TO BE PASSED ON TO OFFSPRING

c)

PRODUCES 2 IDENTICAL DAUGHTER CELLS

d)

ALL ARE TRUE

64.

MEIOSIS PRODUCES 4 CELLS-THE CHROMOSOME NUMBER IS ...

a)

DIPLOID

b)

HAPLOID

65.

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DO NOT OCCUR DURING THE MITOSIS STAGE OF THE CELL CYCLE

a)

SISTER CHROMATIDS SEPARATE LIKE IN ANAPHASE

b)

DNA IS REPLICATED LIKE IN THE S PHASE

c)

CHROMOSOMES LINE UP AT THE EQUATOR LIKE METAPHASE

d)

CHROMATIN CONDENSES INTO CHROMOSOMES

66.
The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  
a)
homozygous 
b)
asexual
c)
homologous
d)
genes
67.
A male shark has 40 chromosomes in each of its sex cells. How many would be present in its body cells?
a)
20
b)
40
c)
80
d)
160
68.
A human being has a somatic cell that has 46 chromosomes.  What is the haploid number found in a gamete?
a)
23
b)
46
c)
69
d)
92
69.
Goes through P.M.A.T two rounds 
a)
Mitosis
b)
Meiosis
c)
Osmosis
d)
Transcription
70.
a)

Prophase

b)

Interphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

71.
a)
Anaphase
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Telophase
d)
Metaphase
72.
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Interphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Metaphase
73.
a)
Anaphase
b)
Cytonkinesis
c)
Interphase
d)
Prophase
74.
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Prophase
75.
The phase in mitosis where chromosomes move away and are pulled apart by spindles to opposite sides of the cell.
a)
prophase
b)
anaphase
c)
metaphase
d)
telephase
76.

The process by which the nuclear material is divided equally between two new cells

a)

mitosis

b)

cancer

c)

spindle

d)

centromere

77.
Why would it be important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis or meiosis?
a)
In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.
b)
In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.
c)
In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.
d)
In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.
78.
In mitosis, the two resulting cells are
a)
different from the starting cell and identical to each other.
b)
different from the starting cell and different from each other.
c)
identical to the starting cell and different from each other.
d)
identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.
79.
The time between cell divisions in the life cycle of the cell is called
a)
anaphase
b)
interphase
c)
prophase
d)
metaphase
80.
Name the growth phase of the cell cycle for both Mitosis and Meiosis.
a)
metaphase
b)
telophase
c)
interphase
d)
anaophase
81.
What form is DNA is in during Interphase?
a)
Chromatin
b)
Replicated Chromosome
c)
Unreplicated Chromosome
d)
Chromatids
82.
Looking at the cell cycle diagram, what stage is represented by the letter C?
a)
Growth 1
b)
Synthesis
c)
Growth 2
d)
Mitosis
83.
What is the purpose of G2? 
a)
For the cell to rest
b)
For the cell to do its normal functions
c)
For the cell to prepare for mitosis
d)
For the cell to divide
84.
During what stage of mitosis does cytokinesis also occur?
a)
Interphase
b)
Prophase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
85.
How is animal cell cytokinesis different than a plant cell's?
a)
Animal cells have a cleavage furrow
b)
Plant cells have a cleavage furrow
c)
Animal cells have a metaphase plate
d)
Animal cells must stay stuck together
86.
What is the correct order of stages in mitosis?
a)
prophase, metphase, anaphase, telophase
b)
anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase
c)
telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase
d)
telophase, metaphase, anaphase, prophase
87.
In the S stage of interphase_______________
a)
the cell grows
b)
the nucleus divides
c)
the cell membrane divides
d)
the DNA is replicated
88.
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
a)
Mitosis-> G1->S->G2->cytokinesis
b)
S->G1-> G2-> mitosis-> cytokinesis
c)
cytokinesis->mitosis->G1->S->G2
d)
 G1->S->G2->mitosis->cytokinesis
89.
With mitosis you get ___, _________ cells, but with meiosis, you get ___, ____________.
a)
4 different, 2 identical
b)
r identical, 2 different
c)
2 different, 4 identical
d)
2 identical, 4 different
90.

Encloses the cell, it acts like a gatekeeper, allowing some materials to pass through it but not others.

a)

Chloroplasts

b)

Cell Wall

c)

Cell Membrane

d)

Cytoplasm

91.

Organelles where photosynthesis occurs, are green due to chlorophyll pigment found in them.

a)

Chloroplasts

b)

Cell Wall

c)

Cell Membrane

d)

Cytoplasm

92.

A gel like fluid that takes up most of the space inside the cell. The organelles are found scattered throughout it.

a)

Chloroplasts

b)

Cell Wall

c)

Cell Membrane

d)

Cytoplasm

93.

Is the structure located in a plant and animal cell that is home to DNA, where new cells are made and directs cell activity

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Vacuoles

94.

Small structures in the cytoplasm that do special jobs.

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Organelles

d)

Vacuoles

95.

Function of the cell membrane to block the movement of certain sizes, shapes and kinds of particles from entering the cell.

a)

permeable

b)

impermeable

c)

semi-permeable

96.

Plant cells and animal cells

a)

are both prokaryotic

b)

are both eukaryotic

c)

do not have a nucleus

d)

do not have DNA

97.

Check the three major differences between a plant cell and an animal cell.

a)

cell wall

b)

mitochondria

c)

large central vacuole

d)

chloroplasts

98.
Which type of cell is bigger?
a)
Prokaryotic
b)
Eukaryotic 
99.
All eukaryotes and prokaryotes are surrounded by a _____.
a)
cell wall
b)
cell membrane
c)
cell envelope
d)
loving, supportive family
100.
A single-celled organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane -bound organelle .
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
c)
Nucleus
d)
Single-celled organism
101.
The cell theory states that the cell is the most basic unit of life, all organisms are made of cells, and all cells come from cells. What makes the cell theory a scientific theory?
a)
It is based on a scientific publication that is read by scientists worldwide.
b)
It is based on the work of many scientists and leads to accurate predictions.
c)
It is based on ideas that have been proven true and that are not subject to revision.
d)
It is based on preliminary evidence but sill needs to be confirmed with experiments.
102.
____ is the ability of a cell to regulate itself and maintain an internal ____ or equilibrium. 
a)
Homeostasis, level
b)
Equilibrium, level
c)
Homeostasis, balance
d)
Equilibrium, balance
103.
What makes up the cell membrane?
a)
Lipid Monolayer
b)
Lipid Bilayer
c)
Protiens
d)
Carbohydrate Chains
104.

The smallest unit of life is ____

a)

a protist

b)

an atom

c)

bacteria

d)

a cell

105.

Cells only come ___

a)

from prokaryotes

b)

from other cells dividing

c)

from fungi

d)

from eukaryotes

106.

The cell semipermeable membrane governs what comes in and out of the cell through

a)

Diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Facilitated Diffusion

d)

Protein Pumps

107.

The Fluid Mosaic Model __

a)

describes the process of making proteins through the fluid movement of ribosomes to the golgi apparatus

b)

describes the movement of RNA through the nuclear pore into the cytoplasm

c)

describes the cell's boundary composed of the cell wall and the cytoskeleton

d)

describes the cell membrane as made of many different parts that are not fixed in one place.

108.

In diffusion

a)

water moves from a high concentration to a low concentration

b)

water moves from a low concentration to a high concentration

c)

molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentration

d)

molecules move from a low concentration to a high concentration

109.

Water, oxygen and carbon dioxide move across the permeable cell membrane by ____

a)

diffusion

b)

facilitated diffusion

c)

endocytosis

d)

exocytosis

110.

Osmosis is ____

a)

a special kind of diffusion

b)

the movement of water across a permeable cell membrane

c)

a passive transport mechanism

d)

an active transport mechanism

111.

A hypertonic solution is one where

a)

the concentration of a solution outside the cell is higher than the concentration than inside the cell

b)

the concentration of a solution outside the cell is lower than the concentration than inside the cell

c)

the concentration of a solution outside the cell is equal to the concentration than inside the cell

112.

Timmy places a freshwater amoeba on a wet mount slide with freshwater. Timmy examines the amoeba using a compound microscope using high power. What happens to the amoeba body?

a)

Hypertonic setting: the amoeba shrivels up as water in the amoeba moves across it's semi-permeable membrane into the jar of water.

b)

Hypotonic setting: the amoeba swells up as water in the jar moves across the amoeba's semi-permeable membrane into the amoeba's body.

c)

Isotonic setting: nothing happens as the concentration of the freshwater in the jar is equal to the concentration of freshwater in the amoeba's body

113.

Which type of transport uses energy in the form of ATP to transport substances?

a)

Active transport

b)

Passive transport

114.

Which type of passive transport uses transport proteins to transport items such as glucose through the membrane?

a)

Facilitated diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Diffusion

115.

Which type of diffusion is represented?

a)

Facilitated diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Diffusion

116.

Which type of diffusion is represented?

a)

Facilitated diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Diffusion

117.

Which type of solution has a greater solute concentration OUTSIDE of the cell?

a)

Hypertonic

b)

Hypotonic

c)

Isotonic

118.

Which type of active transport uses a vesicle to allow a large molecule to exit the cell?

a)

Endocytosis

b)

Exocytosis

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