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ENVS Ecology Test Review

Total questions: 115

Worksheet time: 6hrs 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Water temperature would be an example of ...

a)

a biotic factor

b)

an abiotic factor

c)

an antibiotic factor

d)

a bacterial factor

2.

Which biome consists of very low precipitation and can be hot or cold? 

a)

savanna

b)

tropical rainforest

c)

tundra

d)

desert

3.

Which biome consists of warm weather year-round, a dry season and a rainy season, and diverse trees, shrubs, and grasses?

a)

tropical rainforest

b)

temperate grassland

c)

savanna

d)

desert

4.

Which biome consists of lakes, rivers, and streams and only includes 3% of the Earth’s water?

a)

Marine open ocean

b)

Marine coastal

c)

Tundra

d)

Freshwater

5.

Which biome consists of long bitter winters, cool summers, and diverse coniferous trees?

a)

Taiga

b)

Tundra

c)

Temperate forest

d)

Grassland

6.

Which biome consists of grasses, shrubs, cold temperatures, and the permafrost?

a)

Taiga

b)

Tundra

c)

Temperate forest

d)

Temperate grasslands

7.

Which biome consists of diverse deciduous trees, warm summers, cool winters, and can be found in the eastern US?

a)

Taiga

b)

Temperate forest

c)

Tropical rainforest

d)

Temperate grassland

8.

Which biome is warm year-round, receives LOTS of rain, and is rich in. biodiversity?

a)

Temperate forest

b)

Temperate grassland

c)

Boreal Forest

d)

Tropical rainforest

9.
Dropping leaves in the fall is a characteristic of what type of tree?
a)
deciduous
b)
evergreen
c)
conifer
d)
bonsai
10.
Type of forest biome near the equator; receives a lot of rain; temperatures are warm all year.
a)
desert
b)
tropical rain forest
c)
arctic
d)
temperate rain forest
11.

Which biome contains large populations of grazing herbivores, few species of birds, and deep, rich soil?

a)

tropical rain forest

b)

desert

c)

deciduous forest

d)

grassland

12.
True of False?  
Animals that live in the desert have adapted to live with little water since the desert gets little rainfall.
a)
True
b)
False
13.
This is the most important thing that makes each biome different from each other.
a)
Animals
b)
Location
c)
Climate
d)
People
14.
What kind of factor: disease?
a)
density-independent
b)
density-dependent
15.
What kind of factor: resource scarcity?
a)
density-independent
b)
density-dependent
16.
What kind of factor: flood?
a)
density-independent
b)
density-dependent
17.
What kind of factor: predation?
a)
density-independent
b)
density-dependent
18.
What kind of factor: temperature?
a)
density-independent
b)
density-dependent
19.
Logistic population growth leads to this kind of graph
a)
S curve
b)
J curve
c)
M curve
d)
W curve
20.
Exponential population growth leads to this kind of graph
a)
S curve
b)
J curve
c)
M curve
d)
W curve
21.
What is the carrying capacity of this population?
a)
100
b)
200
c)
300
d)
400
22.
The most important abiotic factors when studying biomes are...
a)
Food and Water
b)
Water and Sunlight
c)
Temperature and Oxygen
d)
Precipitation and Temperature 
23.
One characteristic feature of tundra is that only the surface thaws in the summer and refreezes in the winter, leaving a layer of permanently frozen subsoil.  This characteristic is known as
a)
glaciation
b)
permafrost
c)
crystallization
d)
soilfrost
24.
This biome contains mostly spruce trees and Douglas firs, which are both evergreen.  The winters are long and cold and the summers are short and rainy.  The soil is very rich.  Moose and elk live here.  This biome is classified as a
a)
taiga
b)
tundra
c)
deciduous forest
d)
temperate forest
25.
A living or once-living organisms in an ecosystem is a
a)
population
b)
biotic factor
c)
abiotic factor
d)
community
26.

The desert receives about as much rainfall as the

a)

tundra

b)

tropical forest

c)

grassland

d)

taiga

27.

Most of the world’s rain forests are found close to the

a)

Arctic circle

b)

equator

c)

Antarctic

d)

desert

28.

Which of the following terrestrial biomes receives the largest amount of rainfall per year?

a)

desert

b)

prarie

c)

savanna

d)

deciduous forest

29.

Scientists have discovered a new species of fox that has larger than average ears and is nocturnal. In which biome would this new species of fox most likely be found?

a)

desert

b)

tundra

c)

deciduous forest

d)

tropical rain forest

30.

Cactus plants are commonly found in the desert. Many kinds of cactus plants carry out a special type of photosynthesis called CAM photosynthesis. CAM photosynthesis allows the cactus to keep its stomata closed during the day. Most other species of plants keep their stomata open during the day.


What is the primary reason these cactus plants have thrived in the desert using this special type of photosynthesis?

a)

The closed stomata stores more sugar molecules.

b)

The closed stomata allows conservation of water.

c)

The closed stomata scares off predators.

d)

The closed stomata builds up oxygen levels.

31.

Grasslands are characterized by low amounts of rainfall, few trees, and lots of grass. Which of the following would be the primary inhabitants of the grasslands?

a)

Tree-dwelling primates

b)

Thick-furred mammals

c)

Large herbivores

d)

Water-conserving plants

32.

The temperate forest is a type of terrestrial biome.

Which of the following are characteristic of a temperate forest?

a)

Elk and caribou migrating during the early summer to graze on lichen and grasses.

b)

Warm weather, plentiful rain, and diverse plant and animal life

c)

Cold winters, short summers, and frozen subsoil, even in the summer

d)

Warm summers, cold winters, squirrels, and deciduous trees

33.

Due to fairly constant rain and high temperatures, the vegetation in the rainforest is very dense.

Which of the following is an adaptation that helps plants win the battle for sunlight on the forest floor?

a)

Vines that climb trees

b)

Grasses that grow in clumps

c)

Leaves that are needle-like

d)

Trees that are cone-shaped

34.

A tree called the Creosote has a taste and smell that animals find unpleasant. It has leaves that close in the day to keep in water and open at night to absorb moisture. Its leaves also grow close to the stem to reduce water evaporation. This plant also has dual root systems that tap deep into the underground water and radial roots that collect surface water. Which of the following statements is true based on the paragraph above?

a)

The Creosote tree is well adapted for the desert biome and its lack of rainfall.

b)

Due to the type of leaves found on the Creosote tree, this tree most likely thrives in the savanna.

c)

The dual root systems of the Creosote tree would help it to survive in the tundra.

d)

The Creosote tree is most likely found in the rainforest because it has adapted to conserve water.

35.

A new species of animal that can tolerate drought has been found. These animals graze in herds and like grasses with high silica content.


Which biome does this animal MOST LIKELY inhabit?

a)

taiga

b)

savanna

c)

temperate deciduous forest

d)

desert

36.

Which of the following organisms has an adaptation that will allow it to survive in the tundra?

a)

Mammals with thin fur that allows them to get rid of heat efficiently.

b)

Plants that have broad leaves to capture sunlight and long roots to capture water.

c)

Reptiles with long tongues with sticky pads for catching flying insects.

d)

Grasses with shallow roots and the ability to grow quickly when moisture is rarely present.

37.

Which of the following best describes an effective adaptation of plants commonly found in the Taiga?

a)

Grasses that are drought tolerant

b)

Vines that climb trees to reach sunlight

c)

Trees with very shallow roots due to the permafrost

d)

Trees with a conical shape allowing them to shed snow and ice

38.

A collection of living organisms that belong to different populations but all live in the same area and interact with one another is a...

a)

Population

b)

Ecosystem

c)

Community

d)

Ecosphere

39.

Non-living factor that affects an ecosystem...

a)

biotic factor

b)

abiotic factor

c)

food chain

d)

biome

40.

What are the biotic factors in this image?

a)

sunlight, elephants, grasses

b)

sunlight, water, air

c)

elephants, plants, trees

d)

elephants, clouds, grasses

41.

Which of the following is a population?

a)

hawks, barred owls, and eagles on NC coast

b)

mountain stream

c)

One frog in a pond

d)

blue-tailed skinks (lizards) around a barn

42.

Which of the following best describes a community?

a)

sharks, groupers, anemones and shrimp on a coral reef

b)

decorator crabs on the seafloor

c)

loggerhead sea turtles in Atlantic

d)

prairie grassland in Wyoming

43.
What level of organization can be observed in the image?
a)
Species
b)
Population
c)
Community
d)
Ecosystem
44.

What is an individual?

a)

One individual member of a species

b)

a group of individuals of a species

c)

all the different populations of a species that live in an area together

d)

a community of organisms and their physical environment

45.

What is a population?

a)

One individual member of a species

b)

a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

c)

all the different populations of species that live together in an area

d)

a community of species and the physical environment

46.

What is a community?

a)

One individual of a species

b)

a group of individuals living together in an area

c)

all the different populations living together in an area

d)

different communities and their physical environment

47.

What is an ecosystem?

a)

One individual of a species

b)

a group of individuals of a species that live in the same area

c)

all the different species in an area

d)

all the communities in an area and the physical environment

48.

What is a biome?

a)

one individual of a species

b)

all the different populations of species that live together in an area

c)

all the biological communities and their physical environment

d)

a group of similar ecosystems that share similar climates and animales

49.

Which is an example of an ecosystem?

a)

An area of cold climate and communities of similar species

b)

one elk

c)

a group of elks living together in the same area

d)

elks, snow rabbits, and owls living in the same area

50.

This biome has hot summers, cold winters, diverse grasses, trees, and shrubs, and is common in central US.

a)

savanna

b)

temperate grassland

c)

temperate forest

d)

tundra

51.

What type of growth is shown in the diagram?

a)

exponential growth

b)

logistic growth

c)

predator-prey cycle

d)

boom-bust curve

52.

Largest number of individuals of a population that the environment can support...

a)

carrying capacity

b)

population

c)

biome

d)

mutualism

53.

If a disease destroying wheat plants in a field swept through an ecosystem, what would happen to the bird population that feed off of the wheat in the the field ?

a)

The bird population would stay the same

b)

The bird population would increase

c)

The bird population would decrease

54.

What point on the graph represents the carrying capacity?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

55.

When a population grows past the ecosystem's carrying capacity, what most likley happens to the population?

a)

Continues to grow

b)

The population starts to die off to return to carrying capcity

c)

The population will go completely extinct due to lack of resources

56.

Limiting factors are sometimes helpful because they can keep the population from getting too large.

a)

True

b)

False

57.

An environmental factor such as amount of space, disease, and availability of mates that depends on the number of members in a population is called

a)

density- dependent factor

b)

density- independent factor

58.
Any thing or organism that regulates the size of a population of another organism is known as __________.
a)
a limiting measure
b)
a limiting factor
c)
factorization
d)
materialization of precipitation
59.
Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
competition
d)
parasitism
60.
A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unharmed...
a)
Mutualism 
b)
Competition
c)
Parasitsm 
d)
Commensalism 
61.
What type of symbiosis?  Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers.  The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
62.
What type of symbiosis?  Skunks often live in burrows that have been dug and abandoned by woodchucks.  
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
63.
Which symbols best describe parasitism?
a)
+,+
b)
+,-
c)
+,0
d)
-,0
64.
Red-billed oxpeckers are birds that often feed on parasites that infest impala.  This is an example of _______.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
neutralism
d)
competition
65.
A relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit. 
a)
Mutualism 
b)
Competition
c)
Parasitsm 
d)
Commensalism 
66.

Aphids are tiny insects that live on and eat the leaves of plants, removing vital nutrients from the plants.

a)

Predation

b)

Parasitism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Mutualism

67.
Which symbols best describe mutualism?
a)
+,+
b)
+,-
c)
+,0
d)
-,0
68.
A tick and a dog have this type of relationship.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
neutralism
d)
parasitism
69.
Ostriches and gazelles feed next to each other. They both watch for predators and alert each other to danger. Because their visual abilities are different, they can identify threats that the other animal would not see as readily. 
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
70.
Honey guide birds alert and direct badgers to bee hives. The badgers then expose the hives and feed on the honey first. Next the honey guide birds eat. Both species benefit. 
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
71.

A producer is something that:

a)

Eats plants

b)

Makes its own food

c)

Eats animals

d)

Eats plants and animals

72.

Producers are always at the __________ of a food chain

a)

Beginning

b)

Middle

c)

End

d)

Producers are not part of the food chain

73.

Consumers...

a)

Make their own food

b)

Go through photosynthesis

c)

Eat other organisms

d)

Breathe in carbon dioxide

74.

Which of these things is NOT a consumer

a)

Human

b)

Whale

c)

Tree

d)

Chicken

75.

What is the producer in this food chain?


phytoplankton → krill → fish → shark

a)

Phytoplankton

b)

Krill

c)

Fish

d)

Shark

76.

As you move through a food chain, the amount of energy stored....

a)

Increases

b)

Decreases

c)

Stays the same

d)

It depends on the ecosystem

77.

How much energy does trophic level 2 store from trophic level 1? (and so on..)

a)

1%

b)

10%

c)

50%

d)

100%

78.

Arrows in a food web show the flow of

a)

energy

b)

protein

c)

nutrients

d)

glucose

79.

What do decomposers eat?

a)

Dead things

b)

Living things

80.

An autotroph is another word for a ________, meaning it needs to ________

a)

Consumer, eat other animals

b)

Consumer, eat other plants

c)

Producer, make its own food

d)

Producer, survive without water

81.

An heterotroph is another word for a ________, meaning it needs to ________

a)

Consumer, eat other organisms

b)

Consumer, go through photosynthesis

c)

Producer, make its own food

d)

Producer, survive without water

82.

Mushroom (Fungus)

a)

Decomposer

b)

Producer

c)

Consumer

83.

How many types of organisms in this food web obtain energy directly from producers?

a)

One

b)

Two

c)

Three

d)

Four

84.
Eat primary consumers (can be carnivores and omnivores)
a)
Tertiary Consumers
b)
Secondary Consumers
c)
Quaternary Consumers 
d)
Top Predators 
85.

Look carefully at the image. If energy is lost as it moves up the food chain, what trophic level has the most amount of energy?

a)

1st level - producers

b)

2nd level - primary consumers

c)

3rd level - secondary consumers

d)

4th level - tertiary consumers

86.
What does a Primary Consumer eat?
a)
Tertiary Consumers
b)
Secondary Consumers
c)
Producers
87.
Which organism recieves the least amount of energy from the producer?
a)
Owl
b)
Grasshopper
c)
Lilypad
d)
Mouse
88.
Rabbits and deer eat lettuce leaves from a garden.
What ecological interaction describes the relationship between rabbits and deer?
a)
Mutualism
b)
Competition
c)
Commensalism
d)
Predation
89.

The ecological role or "way of life," (what it eats, when it eats, behavior, where it lives, etc. is an organisms?

a)

community

b)

population

c)

niche

d)

biome

90.

a species that has a disproportionately large effect on community structure relative to its biomass or abundance and is often a top predator

a)

keystone species

b)

foundation species

c)

genus species

91.

Which of the following is an example of a plant invasive species in the United States?

a)

oak trees

b)

kudzu

c)

blueberry bushes

d)

corn plants

92.

Which of the following is an example of an invasive animal species in the United States?

a)

Cardinals

b)

White-tailed deer

c)

Lightning bugs

d)

Stink bugs

93.

What type of defense does the moth use?

a)

mechanical

b)

chemical

c)

camouflage hiding

d)

camouflage mimicry

94.

Which takes longer, primary or secondary succession?

a)

Primary Succession

b)

Secondary Succession

95.

What are the species called that appear first during primary succession?

a)

Pioneer Species

b)

New Species

c)

Alpha Species

d)

Mature Species

96.

True or false: trees are a type of pioneer species

a)

True

b)

False

97.

A new island is formed after a volcano erupts.

What is the order that things would grow?

a)

Tree, grass, moss

b)

Lichen, Grass, Shrub, Tree

c)

Lichen, Shrub, Moss, Tree

d)

Shrub, grass, moss, tree

98.

What type of organism would typically grow on bare rock?

a)

Moss and lichen

b)

Grass

c)

Oak trees

d)

Shrubs

99.

Which type of succession does NOT have soil to begin with?

a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

c)

ecological niche

d)

ratio succession

100.

Which type of succession DOES have soil to begin with?

a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

c)

ratio succession

d)

ecological niche

101.

True or false: An ecosystem with high genetic diversity is healthier than an ecosystem with low genetic diversity.

a)

True

b)

False

102.

What is a keystone species?

a)

A keystone isn't a living thing, it's just a stone

b)

Keys and stones have nothing to do with ecology

c)

A species that lives in or around rocks

d)

A species that helps to hold an ecosystem together

103.
High biodiversity is 
a)
having a lot of the same organism.
b)
having a few of the same organism.
c)
having a lot of variety of different organisms.
d)
only having one of each organism. 
104.

How do biodiversity and stability work together?

a)

The lower the biodiversity the greater the stability of an ecosystem.

b)

The higher the biodiversity, the less stable the ecosystem

c)

The higher the biodiversity, the greater the stability of the ecosystem.

d)

Biodiversity has nothing to do with ecosystem stability.

105.
High biodiversity is 
a)
having a lot of the same organism.
b)
having a few of the same organism.
c)
having a lot of variety of different organisms.
d)
only having one of each organism. 
106.

Which ecosystem is more likely to survive a change in the environment?

a)

One with High biodiversity

b)

One with Low biodiversity

107.
Which habitat exhibits the greatest biodiversity?
a)
A habitat with 15 different species with about 300 individuals each
b)
A habitat with 10 different species with about 75 individuals each
c)
A habitat with 4 different species with about 150 individuals each
d)
A habitat with only one species with about 2000 individual
108.

Why is biodiversity important to ecosystems?

a)

It helps populations adapt to ecological changes.

b)

It increases at each level of the food chain.

109.

Greater ____________________ means there are more habitats to support different types of organisms.

a)

Ecosystem Diversity

b)

Species Diversity

c)

Genetic Diversity

110.

The greater the ____________________, the more likely a species is to survive changes to their environment

a)

Genetic Diversity

b)

Species Diversity

c)

Ecosystem Diversity

111.
All living things get their energy from which of the following sources?
a)
food
b)
water
c)
sun
112.
What would most likely happen if the rabbit population was removed from the food chain grass —› rabbit —› fox?
a)
their would be more grass
b)
there would be less rabbits
c)
there would be more fox
113.
What may happen if the snowshoe hare was removed from the food web pictured?
a)
The insects in the habitat would increase.
b)
The shrew population would decrease due to being only hawk food source.
c)
The willow tree population would decrease.
d)
Foxes would dies due to no food source. 
114.
Which of the following leads to a decrease in biodiversity?
a)
protection of ecosystems
b)
pollution control
c)
selective cutting
d)
introduction of exotic or invasive species
115.
The largest group of organisms found in a food web would be:
a)
Primary Consumers
b)
Producers
c)
Decomposers
d)
Tertiary Consumers

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