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WorksheetsEarth Science: Final Exam Review 2021/2022
Total questions: 117
Worksheet time: 4hrs 54mins
Nearly half of the pollution caused by humans comes from ___.
factories
power plants
motor vehicles
home furnaces
Most pollution in the atmosphere comes from ___.
burning of fossil fuels
volcanic eruptions
pollen
forest fires
In a controlled experiment, what must be true of the conclusion?
it must be reached for every experimentI
It must show that the hypothesis is incorrect.
It must show that the data supports the hypothesis.
It must relate the data to the hypothesis.
A controlled experiment is one in which ___.
the outcome is predetermined.
only one variable at a time is tested.
nothing is left to chance
variables are not counted.
A chart showing the amount of rain each month in an area is an example of a scientist's ___.
data
conclusions
inferences
variables
The science that studies the constructive and destructive forces tht build up or wear away Earth's surface is ___.
astronomy
biology
meteorology
geology
Making measurements is a necessary process skill for any scientist. Measurements need both accuracy and precision. Accuracy is how close a measurement is to the accepted value. Precision refers to the consistency of a group of measurements. Which action could be performed most accurately using ONLY the human senses?
measuring air pressure in a room
counting 20 rocks from the park
adding 20 grams of sugar to a gallon of water
ripping a sheet of paper into squares that measure 1 centimeter on each side
A controlled experiment is used to test a(n)
conclusion
data
measurement
hypothesis
Which scientific skill are you using when you see the sky is clear?
making an observation
making an inference
posing a question
drawing a conclusion
A student found a muddy area in a field. The student examined the patch of mud and recorded several statements about footprints in the mud. Which statement is most likely an inference?
The depth of the deepest footprints is 2 cm.
There is 100 footprints in the mud.
The footprints were made by a fox.
The footprints are oriented from east to west
A system of ideas that explain many related observations and is supported by a large body of evidence collected through scientific investigation is called a ___.
hypothesis
theory
law
controlled experiment
The distance, in degrees, east or west of the prime meridian is called ___.
latitude
map projections
map scale
longitude
The type of scientist that tracks approaching storms is a(n) ___.
astronomer
oceanographer
meteorologist
geologist
A test was completed to determine the effect of temperature on the action of pepsin, a protein-digesting enzyme present in stomach fluid. The scientist placed 20 milliliters of stomach fluid and 10 grams of protein in each of five test tubes. The tubes were kept at different temperatures. After 24 hours, the contents of each test tube were tested to measure the amount of digested proteins. the dependent variable in this investigation is the ___.
temperature.
time of digestion.
amount of stomach fluid.
amount of protein digested.
A scientific explanation that can be tested by observation or experiment is a(n) ___.
hypothesis.
inference.
simulation.
variable.
A scientist that studies the solid earth is a(n) ___.
oceanographer
geologist
astronomer
meteorologist
Oxygen is seawater comes mainly from the atmosphere and ___.
fish
sunlight
algae
carbon dioxide
The burning of wood, coal, and natural gas produces ___.
oxygen
nitrogen
carbon dioxide
methane
A tidal power plant produces energy using the movement of water ___.
between high tide and low tide.
in surface waves.
due to earthquakes.
between neap and spring tides.
The two main factors that determine the climate of an area are ___.
pressure and temperature.
altitude and pressure
temperature and precipitation.
altitude and temperature.
The most abundant salt in seawater is ___.
magnesium chloride
sodium chloride
calcium chloride
potassium chloride
In the ocean, the thermocline is least developed is the ___.
high latitude areas
tropical areas
equatorial areas
low latitude areas
Which order shows ocean layers from most shallow to deepest?
Upper mixed layer → Main Thermocline → Deep Bottom Water
Upper mixed layer → Deep Bottom Water → Main Thermocline
Deep Bottom Water → Main Thermocline → Upper mixed layer
Main Thermocline → Deep Bottom Water → Upper mixed layer
At the equator, the thermocline is
relatively deep
very shallow
the temp does not change with depth
the same as at the poles
All other factors being equal, the relationship between salinity and density is
direct
indirect
there is no relationship (independent)
in general the oceans are mostly freshwater
What are the two main factors that affect seawater density?
temperature and salinity
longitude and evaporation
solar radiation and ocean currents
chemical weathering and the ocean floor
A rush of water that flows rapidly back to sea through a narrow opening is called a ___.
trough
rip current
breaker
longshore drift
In the ocean, individual water masses are identified by ___.
temperature and salinity.
salinity and dissolved oxygen content.
salinity and pH
temperature and pH
As depth beneath Earth's surface increases, temperature and pressure ___.
both decrease
approach zero
stay the same
both increase
One advantage of tidal power is that ___.
the tides always occur at times when there is the greatest demand for electricity.
the power plant must be built across the opening of the bay.
it is a clean, renewable source of energy.
it is easily available all over the world.
A large stream of moving water that flows through the oceans is called a(n) ___.
wave
current
tide
undertow
Compared to land surface temperature changes, water surface temperature changes occur ___.
more slowly because water has a lower specific heat.
faster because water has a higher specific heat.
more slowly because water has a higher specific heat.
faster because water has a lower specific heat.
Which feature is created by all 3 types of plate boundaries.
Earthquakes
Mountains
Subduction Zones
Volcanoes
What is the temporary state in which loose soil and rock materials take on the property of quicksand?
Aftershock
Liquefaction
Seismic Gap
Tsunami
The landform created when groundwater comes to the surface is known as a(n) ___.
lowland
spring
aquifer
coastal plain
Two groundwater, erosional features created by chemical weathering are ___.
deltas and alluvial fans
alluvial fans and springs
springs and sinkholes
sinkholes and caverns
Which of the following could increase the rate of chemical weathering are ___.
moving it to a colder climate.
moving it to a drier climate.
moving it to a more humid climate.
moving it to a location with few plants and animals.
Which form of heat transfer is in the asthenosphere and causes the tectonic plates to move around?
conduction
convection
radiation
condensation
Which layer is the only liquid layer of the Earth?
crust
mantle
outer core
inner core
Which of these are types of crust? Select all that apply?
continental
oceanic
mantle
plastic
The risk of earthquakes is high along the Pacific coast of the United States because ___.
that is where the Pacific and North American Plates meet.
there have been no earthquakes there lately.
serious earthquakes are rare east of the Rockies.
satellites have detected increasing elevation in the ground surface.
The underground geological formation that is able to store water in permeable rocks is called a(n) ___.
spring.
cavern.
aquifer.
surface water.
The rating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake is called the ___.
moment magnitude scale
mechanical seismograph scale
Mercalli scale
Richter scale
Most earthquake-related deaths and injuries result from ___.
tsunamis
damage to buildings and structures.
P waves
liquefication
Earth's magnetic field results from the spinning of the ___.
inner core
outer core
crust
mantle
If geologists detect many small earthquakes near a volcano, what can they infer about the volcano?
it is extinct.
it is dormant.
it is probably about to erupt.
it is a good source of geothermal energy.
The best way to protect yourself in an earthquake is to ___.
run as fast as you can.
go into the basement.
stand under a tree.
drop, cover and hold.
Compared to ocean crust near deep-sea trenches (margins,) crust near the ocean ridges is ___.
the same age.
older.
always magnetically reversed.
younger.
The process by which the ocean floor sinks through a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as ___.
subduction.
convection.
continental drift.
conduction.
To reduce erosion along a stretch of beach, you might build a short wall called a ___.
sandbar
groyne (groin)
breaker
trough
The mid-ocean ridge is ___.
found only in the Pacific Ocean.
located mostly along coastlines.
the longest mountain chain in the world.
a long deep-ocean trench.
What is the name of Earth's outer shell, composed of both the uppermost mantle and the crust?
asthenosphere.
mesosphere.
lithosphere.
biosphere.
During an earthquake, seismic waves carry energy ___.
away from the focus.
toward the focus.
from the surface to the interior.
through the mantle only.
Converging continental-continental plate collisions produce ___.
island arcs.
mountain ranges.
rift valleys.
deep-sea trenches.
Earth's inner core is ___.
a dense ball of solid metal.
a layer of molten metal.
a layer of hot rock.
a layer of rock forming Earth's outer shell.
The majority of earthquakes occur at ___ boundaries.
divergent
transform
convergent
subduction
The Pacific Ring of Fire is ___.
a mid-ocean ridge.
a mountain chain.
a rift valley
a zone of active volcanoes.
Felix examined several photos of stars. To compare their temperatures, he looked at the colors of the stars. He organized the photos in order from coolest to hottest. Which of these answers shows the correct order?
red, yellow, white, blue
white, blue, yellow, red
yellow, white, blue, red
blue, yellow, white, red
Zones of upwelling are often associated with ___.
a lack of nutrients.
enormous schools of fish.
the upward movement of warm water.
El Nino
The sun's rays are least direct ___.
near the equator.
near the poles.
at high altitudes.
far from the ocean.
The season's are caused by ___.
Earth's varying distance from the sun.
Earth's changing rate of rotation.
shifting climates on Earth's surface.
the tilt of Earth's axis.
How do the four inner planets differ from the four major outer planets?
Inner planets are liquid, while the outer planets are gas.
Inner planets are solid, while the outer planets are gas.
Inner planets are solid, while the outer planets are liquid.
Inner planets are gas, while the outer planets are solid.
The motion of a Foucault pendulum provides evidence of ___.
the Sun's revolution.
Earth's revolution.
the Sun's rotation
Earth's rotation
Summers are caused by ___.
a combination of more direct sun and longer days.
less direct sun.
longer days and shorter nights.
more direct sun and shorter days.
The first moon walk was completed by Apollo ___.
7
11
13
1
Which shows electromagnetic waves from longest to shortest wavelengths?
infrared rays, radio waves, blue light, red light
radio waves, infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays
x-rays, infrared rays, blue light, gamma rays
gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light
The evidence used to support the Big Bang Theory is ___.
blue shift
red shift
nebulas
nuclear fusion
Energy for the star is produced by combining lighter nuclei into heavier nuclei. This process is ___.
nuclear fission
red shift
blue shift
nuclear fusion
Scientists think that the moon was formed when ___.
a large object struck Earth and materials from both bodies combined.
gravitational forces attracted materials from outer space.
meteoroids collected and solidified within the pull of Earth's gravity.
gases from Earth escaped from the atmosphere and condensed.
Small bodies that orbit planets are called ___.
comets
planetesimals
moons
protoplanets
The atmosphere is the layer ___.
in which weather occurs.
of gases that surrounds the Earth.
that contains the ozone layer.
of water in oceans.
Kepler's 3rd Law describes the relationship between the average distance of a planet from the sun and its ___.
orbital period.
average temperature.
inertia.
gravitational pull.
Which moon phase is shown in this diagram?
new moon
first quarter
full moon
3rd quarter
A date that is commonly accepted by Big Bang theorists for the Big Bang is ____ years ago.
One hundred thousand
Two hundred and fifty million
Thirteen point seven billion
Ten trillion
One complete cycle of the phases of the moon takes about one ___.
day.
week.
month.
year.
The theory that astronomers have developed to describe the formation of the universe is the ___.
Expanding Cloud Theory.
Time Warp Theory.
Galactic Expansion Theory.
Big Bang Theory.
Day and night are caused by ___.
the tilt of Earth's axis.
Earth's rotation on its axis.
Earth's revolution around the sun.
eclipses.
At formation of Earth's atmosphere, which gases were lost because Earth's gravity was too weak?
helium and hydrogen.
oxygen and helium.
hydrogen and ozone.
helium and nitrogen.
In most places, high tides usually occur about every ___.
20 minutes.
2 weeks.
12 hours.
24 hours.
The two most abundant gases in the atmosphere are ___.
nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
nitrogen and oxygen.
carbon dioxide and oxygen.
nitrogen and hydrogen.
Earth's ozone layer ___.
traps carbon dioxide in the stratosphere.
exists only over Antarctica.
has been thickening over the past several years.
filters harmful UV radiation from the sun.
Different colors are the result of ___.
varying wavelengths of light.
varying speeds of travel of light.
varying temperatures of light.
varying spectra of light.
The Milky Way Galaxy is a ___ galaxy.
cloud
irregular
spiral
elliptical
Increased carbon dioxide may cause global warming by ___.
allowing more sunlight into the atmosphere.
trapping more heat in the atmosphere.
reflecting sunlight from Earth's surface.
reducing the amount of oxygen in the air.
The asteroid belt is located between ___.
Mars and Jupiter.
Earth and Mars.
Jupiter and Saturn.
Saturn and Uranus.
Kepler's 2nd Law states that equal areas are covered in equal amounts of time as an object ___.
spins on its axis.
travels one light year.
completes an eclipse.
orbits the sun.
A tide with the LEAST difference between low and high tide is called a ___ tide.
spring
rip
neap
monthly
When Earth is perihelion, the U.S. experiences ___.
spring.
summer.
fall.
winter.
The lifetime of a star depends on its ___.
temperature.
mass.
magnitude.
brightness.
The air mass normally associated with Northern hemisphere hurricanes is ___.
continental polar
maritime polar
maritime tropical
continental tropical
Earth's rotation takes about ___.
24 hours.
365 days.
1 month.
6 months.
Mercury,Saturn
Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune
Jupiter, Neptune,
Mercury,Saturn,
Uranus
Mars,Jupiter,
Saturn,Uranus
Neptune
___ is the force that tends to pull together the matter in stars.
Expansion
Nuclear fusion
Gravity
Nuclear fission
Which material contributed least to Earth's atmosphere?
CO2
N2
SiO2
H2O
Which of the following has a visible wavelength?
an infrared wave
an X-ray
a gamma ray
a violet wave
Tides are mainly caused by ___.
differences in how much the moon pulls on different parts of the Earth.
Earth's rotation, causing water to move.
differences in how much the sun pulls on different parts of the Earth.
strong winds blowing water onto the coasts
___ proposed the heliocentric model of the universe.
Copernicus
Kepler
Newton
Galileo
By analyzing the light emitted by a star, astronomers can determine the ___
motion of a star.
size and weight of a star.
composition and temperature of a star.
galaxy that the star belongs to.
