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The Sun and Stars

Total questions: 118

Worksheet time: 2hrs 42mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A self-luminous celestial body consisting of a mass of gas held together by its own gravity and emitting energy that is generated by nuclear reactions in its interior

a)

Star

b)

Planet

c)

Comet

2.

A large, bright feature extending outward from the Sun's surface

a)

Flares

b)

Star

c)

Prominence

3.

The second gaseous layer of the Sun's atmosphere; has a reddish color

a)

Chromosphere

b)

Radiation Zone

c)

Photosphere

d)

Convection Zone

4.

The area of the Sun where energy is transported by convection; occurs in the outer layer of the Sun

a)

Chromosphere

b)

Radiation Zone

c)

Photosphere

d)

Convection Zone

5.

A layer of a star's interior where energy is primarily transported toward the exterior by means of radiative diffusion and thermal conduction, rather than by convection

a)

Chromosphere

b)

Radiation Zone

c)

Photosphere

d)

Convection Zone

6.

A sudden eruption of radiation from the surface of the Sun

a)

Prominence

b)

Solar Flare

c)

Suns Core

7.

A nuclear reaction in which two lighter nuclei combine to form a single heavier nucleus and some of the original mass is converted to energy

a)

Fusion

b)

Fission

8.

Stable stars in the middle developmental phases that plot along a continuous diagonal belt on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram

a)

Dual Phase

b)

Main Sequence

c)

Duplication

9.

A cloud of interstellar gas and dust created by a dying, low-mass star

a)

Planetary Nebula

b)

Solar Nebula

c)

Space

10.

An aging, giant star that has consumed its core's supply of hydrogen fuel

a)

Old Giant

b)

Red Supergiant

c)

Red Super Dwarf

11.

A stellar remnant roughly the size of Earth of a star similar in mass to our Sun

a)

Red Giant

b)

White Dwarf

c)

Red Dwarf

d)

White Giant

12.

A very large star of high luminosity and low surface temperature

a)

Red Dwarf

b)

Red Giant

c)

Red Supergiant

13.

In which area of the sun does gas rise as it heats up, then fall back down as it cools?

a)

the core

b)

the radiative zone

c)

the convective zone

d)

the corona

14.
When we look at the sun, what layer are we viewing?
a)
photosphere
b)
chromosphere
c)
corona
d)
convection zone
15.
What layer of the sun's atmosphere gives the sun its "white halo" during a solar eclipse?
a)
chromosphere
b)
photosphere
c)
corona
d)
atmosphere
16.
Areas of gas on the sun's surface that are cooler than gases around them are called:
a)
corona
b)
prominences
c)
sunspots
d)
solarspots
17.
Most of the sun’s energy is a result of
a)
nuclear fusion  
b)
nuclear fission
c)
atomic reactions
d)
coronal mass ejection
18.
What elements make up most of the sun’s mass?
a)
carbon and oxygen
b)
carbon and hydrogen
c)
helium and nitrogen
d)
hydrogen and helium
19.
What is the state of matter in the sun?
a)
Gas
b)
Liquid
c)
Plasma
d)
Solid
20.
How much of the solar system's total mass is the sun?
a)
Less than 10%
b)
Approximately half
c)
73.8%
d)
Over 99%
21.
When hydrogen nuclei fuse into helium nuclei
a)
the nuclei die.
b)
energy is released.
c)
particles collide
d)
particles neutralize.
22.
Auroras are frequently seen
a)
near the equator.
b)
before a sunspot cycle.
c)
every 11 years.
d)
after solar flares.
23.
During nuclear fusion in the sun, which of the following occurs?
a)
Atomic nuclei split apart.
b)
The aurora australis appears.
c)
hydrogen nuclei combine to produce a helium nucleus.
d)
A solar eclipse results
24.
What are northern lights?
a)
Auroras
b)
solar flares
c)
prominences
d)
coronas
25.
What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?
a)
Spiral galaxy
b)
Elliptical galaxy
c)
Nebula
d)
Globular cluster
26.
What is the name for this giant loop of energy leaping from the solar surface? 
a)
aurora
b)
prominence
c)
solar flare
d)
sunspot
27.
What is an explosion on the sun that gives out huge amounts of energy?
a)
Sun Spot
b)
Solar Flare
c)
Sun Ray
d)
Sun Gases
28.
Which statement is true about the sun?
a)
It is a star.    
b)
It is the largest star in our galaxy. 
c)
It is a planet close to Earth.
d)
It is a moon. 
29.
What are spots on the sun that are cooler than the rest of the sun?
a)
Solar Flares
b)
Corona
c)
Sun Spots
d)
Sun Rays
30.
Which layer of the sun is the hottest?
a)
Photosphere
b)
Chromosphere
c)
Corona
d)
Core
31.
What happens in the convective zone of the sun?
a)
convection
b)
conduction
c)
evaporation
d)
precipitation
32.
The energy from the sun is created by a process called:
a)
nuclear fission
b)
nuclear fusion
c)
nuclear reaction
d)
nuclear core
33.
Label part 1
a)
#1 Core
b)
#1 Radiation zone
c)
#1 Convection zone
d)
#1 Photosphere
34.
Label Part 2
a)
#2 Core
b)
#2 Radiation zone
c)
#2 Convection zone
d)
#2 Corona
35.
Label Part 3
a)
#3 Chromosphere
b)
#3 Radiation zone
c)
#3 Convection zone
d)
#3 Photosphere
36.
Nuclear fusion is when
a)
the nuclei of two atoms join to produce lots of energy
b)
the nuclus of a large atom splits to release lots of energy
37.
What layer can be seen here?
a)
chromosphere
b)
corona
c)
photosphere
d)
core
38.

Which one is the meaning of plasma?

a)

Plasma is where two elements fuse together to form another element

b)

Plasma is the outer most layer of the atmosphere

c)

Plasma is what the core produces

d)

Plasma is a hot, electrically conducting gas

39.
Which electromagnetic waves have the highest frequencies and the shortest wavelengths?
a)
microwaves
b)
visible light
c)
gamma rays
40.
For waves in any medium, as the wavelength decreases, what happens to the frequency?
a)
It also decrease
b)
It stays the same
c)
It increases
41.
How much of the electromagnetic spectrum is made up of visible light?
a)
only a small portion
b)
a very l;arge portion
c)
about half
42.
Which electromagnetic waves help doctors detect broken bones inside your body?
a)
gamma rays
b)
x-rays
c)
ultraviolet rays
43.
Which of the following lists the electromagnetic waves in order of increasing wavelength?
a)
X-rays, visible light, radio waves
b)
gamma rays, microwaves, UV rays
c)
infrared rays, radio waves, x-rays
44.

What is the Order of the visible portion of the Electromagnetic System?

a)

Red,Yellow,Orange,Green,Blue,Indigo,Violet

b)

Red,Orange,Yellow,Green,Blue,Indigo,Violet

c)

Violet,Indigo,Green,Blue,Red,Orange,Yellow

d)

Violet,Blue,Red,Orange,yellow,green,Indigo

45.

Longest Wavelengths and Lowest Frequencies?

a)

Visible Light

b)

Microwaves

c)

X-Rays

d)

Radio Waves

46.

Shorter Wavelengths have ____Energy,Longer Wavelengths___Energy?

a)

Lower,Higher

b)

Higher,Lower

47.

Astronomers have invented telescopes that allow us to "see" beyond the visable range?

a)

True

b)

False

48.

Which color has the longest wavelength?

a)

Red

b)

Orange

c)

Yellow

d)

Blue

49.

Which color has the shortest wavelength?

a)

Red

b)

Orange

c)

Yellow

d)

Blue

50.

Which of the following has the most energy?

a)

Red

b)

Blue

c)

Green

d)

Violet

51.

Which of the following has the most energy?

a)

X-rays

b)

The color green

c)

Microwaves

d)

ultraviolet

52.

Which of the following has the highest frequency?

a)

TV

b)

Microwaves

c)

the color indigo

d)

ultraviolet rays

53.

Which of the following has the lowest energy?

a)

The color yellow

b)

The color blue

c)

The color indigo

d)

The color orange

54.

Which of the following has the lowest frequency?

a)

The color blue

b)

The color green

c)

The color yellow

d)

The color violet

55.

Which term means the distance from the crest of one wave to the next crest?

a)

Amplitude

b)

Frequency

c)

Wavelength

56.

Increasing the amplitude of a wave ______ the wave’s energy.

a)

Increases

b)

Decreases

c)

Does not change

57.

Which has the LONGEST wavelength and therefore the lowest frequency/energy? These waves are used in broadcasting, wifi, and texting.

a)

Gamma rays

b)

Visible light

c)

Radio waves

d)

Infrared rays

58.

Which section of the electromagnetic spectrum is the ONLY part humans can see?

a)

X-Rays

b)

Gamma Rays

c)

Visible Light

d)

Ultraviolet Rays

59.

Electromagnetic waves that help your body produce vitamin D are called ___. Hint: These waves are invisible to humans but some insects can see them.

a)

Gamma Rays

b)

Ultraviolet Rays

c)

X-Rays

d)

Visible Light

60.

Which wave has a low frequency, a long wavelength, and low energy?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

Not enough information to determine

61.

Which wave has a high frequency, a short wavelength, and high energy?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

Not enough information to determine

62.

Emission spectra emitted by an element (or compound) will produce ___ through a spectroscope.

a)

bright lines

b)

a continuous rainbow

c)

dark lines

d)

white light

63.

By passing starlight light through a ___the light is spread out into its component colors.

a)

spectrograph or spectrometer

b)

telescope

c)

prism or diffraction grating

d)

mirror

64.

Spectral lines that are observed to be narrower & blue-shifted indicates that an object is

a)

moving away from Earth.

b)

showing transverse motion.

c)

moving towards Earth.

d)

showing radial motion.

65.
Why are line emission spectra of elements called "atomic fingerprints"?
a)
They are all the same
b)
They are all unique
c)
They are all similar
d)
They all contain colored light
66.

What kind of spectrum is this?

a)

absorption spectrum

b)

continuous spectrum

c)

emission spectrum

67.
Which elements are in the unknown sample?
a)
A and B
b)
B and C
c)
A and D
d)
B and D
68.
What kind of spectrum is this?
a)
absorption spectrum
b)
continuous spectrum
c)
emission spectrum
69.

A refracting telescope uses _______ to focus light.

a)

Lenses

b)

Mirrors

c)

Lasers

d)

Water

70.

Reflecting telescopes use _______ to focus light.

a)

Lenses

b)

Flat mirrors

c)

Curved Mirrors

d)

A lens and lasers

71.

Modern telescopes are reflecting because: (Choose all that apply)

a)

Lenses are difficult to manufacture

b)

Lenses are heavy and fragile

c)

lenses absorb light that passes through them

d)

Lenses require only 1 perfect surface

72.
Reflecting telescopes differ from refracting telescopes in having
a)
no eyepiece lens.
b)
two large objective lenses.
c)
a mirror instead of an objective lens.
d)
one large objective lens.
73.
A ______ telescope uses a mirror to focus light onto a small area.
a)
reflecting
b)
refracting
c)
radio
d)
spectrum
74.
A ______ telescope uses a glass to focus light. 
a)
reflecting
b)
refracting
c)
radio
d)
spectrum
75.
What type of telescope is this?
a)
Refractor
b)
Reflector
c)
Non-Optical
d)
X- Ray
76.
What type of telescope is this?
a)
Refractor
b)
Reflector
c)
Non-Optical
d)
X- Ray
77.

Why is the Hubble telescope located in space?

a)

So it can be closer to the stars it magnifies

b)

They have very large optical lenses

c)

So its images aren't distorted by Earth's atmosphere

d)

So it can be operated by astronauts

78.

What is the main advantage of reflecting telescopes over refracting telescopes?

a)

More powerful

b)

Less powerful

c)

Cheaper

d)

Heavier

79.

Who improved the design of a telescope in 1609?

a)

Isaac Newton

b)

Albert Einstein

c)

Galileo Galilei

d)

Nicolaus Copernicus

80.
When the car moves AWAY from you, its horn seems...
a)
Low pitched
b)
High pitched
c)
Normal
81.
When an ambulance move TOWARD you it sounds ________ pitched. 
a)
high
b)
low
c)
medium
82.
The Doppler effect is seen when a wave-making source moves toward an observer. 
a)
True
b)
False
83.
When a car moves towards you, the sound of its horn seems relatively...
a)
Low pitched
b)
High pitched
c)
Normal
84.
What do the light waves of a galaxy that is moving TOWARD us look like?
a)
red shifted
b)
blue shifted
c)
green shifted
d)
yellow shifted
85.
What do the light waves of a galaxy that is moving AWAY from us look like?
a)
red shifted
b)
blue shifted
c)
green shifted
d)
yellow shifted
86.

As objects move in space, their wavelengths change. This phenomenon is called the...

a)

Coriolis Effect

b)

Doppler Effect

c)

Movement Effect

d)

Black Hole Effect

87.

When objects move towards you, the wavelength....

a)

Increases (gets longer)

b)

Decreases (gets shorter)

88.

When objects move away from you, the wavelength....

a)

Increases (gets longer)

b)

Decreases (gets shorter)

89.

When objects move away from an observer, what color shift is happening?

a)

Red Shift

b)

Blue Shift

90.

When objects move towards the observer, what color shift is happening?

a)

Red Shift

b)

Blue Shift

91.
Which star is the coldest?
a)
Yellow Star
b)
Red Star
c)
Orange Star
d)
Blue Star
92.

Most of the stars on the HR diagram are classified as which type of star?

a)

White Dwarfs

b)

Main Sequence

c)

Giants

d)

Supergiants

93.

The HOTTEST stars are usually what color

a)

yellow

b)

orange

c)

blue

d)

pink

94.
Which of these stars is hottest?
a)
Red Star
b)
Yellow Star
c)
Orange Star
d)
Blue Star
95.

What is apparent magnitude in relation to stars?

a)

The actual size of a star

b)

How bright a star appears from Earth

c)

The temperature of a star's surface

d)

The mass of a star relative to the sun

96.

What is absolute magnitude?

a)

The actual size of a star.

b)

The brigthness of a star compared to the sun.

c)

The brightness of stars as if viewed at the same distance from Earth.

d)

the total energy output of a star

97.

How do scientists typically determine a star's temperature?

a)

by measuring its mass

b)

by analyzing its color

c)

by calculating its density

d)

by measuring its diameter

98.
In the diagram given, what happens as we move to the left?
a)
Stars Get Larger
b)
Stars get Colder
c)
Stars get hotter
99.
A large cloud of gas and dust in interstellar space; the predecessor to stars...
a)
Constellation
b)
Black hole
c)
Nebula
d)
Galaxy
100.
Which star is the coldest?
a)
Yellow Star
b)
Red Star
c)
Orange Star
d)
Blue Star
101.
Which category is our Sun located in?
a)
White Dwarfs
b)
Supergiants
c)
Main Sequence
d)
Giants
102.
The category that contains the most stars is...
a)
Main Sequence
b)
Supergiants
c)
Giants
103.

What is plotted on an H-R diagram?

a)

A star's temperature and brightness

b)

A star's distance from Earth

c)

A star's color and distance from its planets

d)

A planet's amount of water

104.

What characteristics are used to classify stars on HR diagrams?

a)

Flammability, weight, and reactivity

b)

Temperature/color and brightness

c)

Conductivity, luster, and density

d)

Malleability, distance, and viscoscity

105.
What is the name of the explosion at the death of a massive star?
a)
Supergiant
b)
Supernova
c)
Black Hole
d)
Nebula
106.
After billions of years go by, a white dwarf will cool into a burnt out cinder. This remnant is known as a(n)… 
a)
Black dwarf 
b)
 Dwarf planet
c)
Black hole
d)
Brown dwarf
107.
The ejected outer shell of gas formed by an aging star is called a(n)… A. 
a)
Open Cluster
b)
Planetary nebula 
c)
White dwarf
d)
Galaxy
108.
Our sun is currently in which phase of its life cycle?
a)
Red giant 
b)
Main sequence
c)
White dwarf
d)
Planetary nebula
109.
Which of the following is the correct order of the life cycle of our sun?
a)
main sequence, white dwarf, red giant 
b)
 main sequence, red giant, white dwarf 
c)
main sequence, red giant, supernova 
d)
white dwarf, main sequence, red giant 
110.
Which stage leads directly to the formation of black holes?
a)
Neutron stars
b)
Supernova
c)
Planetary nebula
d)
Main sequence stars 
111.
During which phase does the core of a massive star have so much gravity that even light can’t escape?
a)
Supernova
b)
White dwarf
c)
Black hole
d)
Neutron star
112.
In about 5 billion years, our sun will grow and expand to 100 times its size. This next stage called a…
a)
Neutron star
b)
Supernova
c)
White dwarf
d)
Red giant 
113.
The end stage of a low/medium mass star. The star is still hot but very dim.
a)
Luminosity
b)
Nuclear Fusion
c)
Supernova
d)
White Dwarf
114.

Brightness determined by DISTANCE from the earth

a)

Amazing magnitude

b)

Absolute magnitude

c)

Apparent magnitude

d)

Awesome magnitude

115.

The brightness of a star as seen from earth

a)

Apparent magnitude

b)

Awesome magnitude

c)

Absolute magnitude

d)

Amazing magnitude

116.
Where on the H-R diagram would you find the dimmest stars?
a)
At the top
b)
Giants
c)
At the bottom
d)
Main Sequence
117.
All stars are formed from a  __________?
a)
giant
b)
black hole
c)
white dwarf
d)
nebula
118.

What is meant by the term luminosity?

a)

Luminosity is the amount of energy generated in the star as electromagnetic radiation.

b)

Luminosity is how bright a star seems to an observer far away.

c)

Luminosity is the color at which a star burns.

d)

Luminosity is the determinant of whether a star is approaching an observer or receding,

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