Triangulation stations should be chosen on high ground so that all relevant stations are ................

If the distance between stations is large, the intervisibility is ascertained by knowing the .................. between the stations.

$$h=𝐷^2/2𝑅(1−2𝑚)\$$

m is ............

The line of sight should be taken at least 3 m above the point of tangency T of the earth’s surface to avoid ..............

In ............................... the two points with known coordinates are occupied and sightings are taken to the unknown point.

In ...................................... the one point with unknown coordinates is occupied and sightings are taken to the known points.

.......................... is a mathematical framework used to determine the positions of points in space or on a surface.

Astronomical observations for latitude, longitude, and azimuths are measured with reference to the ....................... at the point of observation.

The quantities Φ, Λ, and 𝐻 define the position of the observer with respect to the .................................

The geodetic coordinates are determined from ............................ observed on the earth's surface, reduced to the ellipsoid.

Ideally the origin of the rectangular coordinates system should be at the earth’s center of gravity; the system is known as ................

When the origin of the rectangular coordinates systemis NOT the earth’s center of gravity; the system is known as ...........

In this system the coordinates U, V, W are expressed as functions of the observed azimuth A, zenith distances Z & spatial distance S

What does a coordinate system provide a framework for?

In this figure, theta is .............

It is measured along the curved plumb line and obtained from spirit levelling and gravity observations.

is the height of the observer above the reference ellipsoid, measured along the ellipsoidal normal.

Relation between Astronomic and Geodetic Coordinates is characterized by ..............