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Protein Synthesis & Mutations Review Quiz

Total questions: 72

Worksheet time: 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the role of mRNA

a)

Carry an amino acid to the ribosome

b)

Copy the instructions from DNA and carry it out of the nucleus

c)

Make up the ribosomes

2.

Where does Transcription occur

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

ER

d)

Mitochondria

3.

What is the mRNA for the following DNA strand?

TAC GTA

a)

GCT AGC

b)

ATG CAT

c)

AUG CAU

4.

Where does Translation occur?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

ER

d)

Chloroplast

5.

What is the end product of translation?

a)

mRNA that can leave the nucleus

b)

Amino acid chain

c)

monosaccharide chain

d)

Anticodon

6.

What is an anticodon?

a)

rRNA

b)

an amino acid

c)

Three nucleotide sequence found on mRNA

d)

Three nucleotide sequence found on tRNA

7.

Which of the following are differences in the structure between RNA and DNA

a)

DNA uses deoxyribose sugar, RNA uses sugar ribose

b)

DNA pairs Adenine with Uracil, RNA pairs Adenine with Thymine

c)

DNA is a double helix, RNA is a single helix

d)

DNA pairs Adenine with Thymine, RNA pairs Adenine with Uracil

8.

When these bond together, they form a protein

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Peptide Bonds

c)

Ribose

d)

Nucleotides

9.

These building blocks consist of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.

a)

Ribose

b)

Nucleotide

c)

Gene

d)

Protein

10.

During translation, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for delivering amino acids to help make a protein.

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

dRNA

11.
This is the triplet of bases on the end of a tRNA molecule
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
12.
The process where DNA is transcribed to mRNA happens in what part of the cell?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
13.
The function of ______ is to combine with proteins to form ribosomes.
a)
rRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
mRNA
d)
DNA
14.
The process where mRNA is read and made into an amino acid chain.
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Transportation
d)
Transient
15.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
16.
What is the mRNA strand that would result from the DNA template strand CCTA?
a)
GGAT
b)
CCAT
c)
GGAU
d)
CCAU
17.
The process where mRNA is translated into amino acids happens in what part of the cell?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
18.
The principle shown in the image is called what?
a)
Transcription
b)
The Central Dogma
c)
Translation
d)
The Principle of Proteins
19.
Which of these nitrogenous bases is NOT in RNA?
a)
Uracil
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Guanine
20.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
21.
DNA holds the code for
a)
lipids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
protein
d)
sugar
22.

Which organelle is the location where protein is made?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

23.

During transcription, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for copying the DNA and brining it out of the nucleus.

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

dRNA

24.

mRNA is made during this process

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Delivery

25.

Which of the following is the complementary mRNA sequence to this DNA strand: AACTGAA

a)

UUGACUU

b)

TTGACTT

c)

AACTGAA

d)

AACUGAA

26.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
27.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
28.
Genetic info flows in one direction. Which best represents this flow?
a)
DNA-protein-RNA
b)
Protein-RNA-DNA
c)
RNA-protein-DNA
d)
DNA-RNA-protein
29.

What brings the amino acids to the ribosome to assemble a protein?

a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)

DNA

30.

How many nucleotides code for 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

31.

Assembling proteins via instructions from DNA.

a)

Replication

b)

Mutations

c)

Protein synthesis

d)

Homeostasis

32.

Double stranded DNA is unzipped, and one strand is used as a template to form Messenger RNA.

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Mitosis

33.

The enzyme that codes mRNA from DNA instructions.

a)

DNA Polymerase

b)

RNA Polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

Lipase

34.

A chart that shows the relationship between

codons and the amino acids they code for.

a)

Homeostasis chart

b)

Anticodon

c)

Codon Chart

d)

EKG Chart

35.
Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
36.
Identify the SUBSTITUTION mutation from the following DNA sequence: 
ATG CCA AAT
a)
ATG TCA AAT
b)
ATG CCT AAA T
c)
ATC CA  AT
d)
ATG CCA AAT
37.
Which of the following statements regarding mRNA is correct?
a)
Exons are included in the protein sequence, while introns are left out
b)
Introns are included in the protein sequence, while exons are left out
c)
Exons and Introns can both be included or left out depending on the protein
d)
Exons and Introns are both part of the mRNA sequence, but only exons are part of the rRNA and tRNA
38.
How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?
a)
The two different cells become mutated
b)
The proteins expressed in each cell are different
c)
They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.
d)
The genome of the different cells changes
39.
What structure of this molecule binds with the mRNA molecule?
a)
Amino Acid
b)
tRNA
c)
Anticodon
d)
Codon
40.

__________________ regulates the synthesis of mRNA.

a)

RNA Polymerase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

Ozaki Fragments

d)

Introns

41.

The coding sequences that remain in the final mRNA sequences are called ___________________.

a)

Introns

b)

Exons

c)

Ozaki Fragments

d)

tRNA

42.

A ____________________ is a permanent change in DNA.

a)

Correlation

b)

Mutation

c)

Genetic Reading

d)

Genetic Alteration

43.

The idea that Cytosine goes with Guanine is called:

a)

Base Pairing

b)

Matching of nucleotides

c)

Chargaff's Rule

d)

Polymerase

44.

A point mutation is usually what type of mutation

a)

Frameshift

b)

Insertion

c)

Deletion

d)

Substitution

45.

A frameshift mutation is which of the following?

a)

Point mutation

b)

Insertion

c)

Deletion

d)

Subtitution

46.

Which mutation would be more harmful for an organism?

a)

Point mutation (substitution)

b)

Frameshift (insertion/Deletion)

47.

Why would a frameshift be more harmful?

a)

It changes all the code downstream

b)

Only one nucleotide is changing

c)

All mutations are harmful

d)

It can't correct iself

48.

Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Nucleotides

c)

Fatty Acids

d)

Polysaccharides

49.

The process of DNA replication is called semi conservative because it results in

a)

none of these

b)

Two DNA molecules.  One original molecule and one with two new strands

c)

two exact copies with new strands

d)

two DNA molecules, each with 1 original strand and one new.

50.

Nitrogen bases are joined by which type of bond?

a)

polar bonds

b)

hydrogen bonds

c)

phosphate bonds

d)

deoxyribose bonds

51.

Cytosine bonds with ____

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Guanine

d)

Uracil

52.

What does DNA stand for?

a)

Deoxyribonucleic acid

b)

Denitrogenous acid

c)

Deribonucleic acid

d)

Diribonucleic acid

53.

What is needed for DNA replication to unzip at the hydrogen bonds?

a)

phosphates

b)

enzymes

c)

deoxyribose (sugar)

d)

hydrogen

54.

If a person suffered from a disorder where their DNA fragments were unable to fill in the missing slots in between the fragments of the lagging strand, they would most likely have a disorder that affected which enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

55.

Which is the first step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

56.

Which is the second step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

57.

Which is the third step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

58.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the free nucleotides to the replicating DNA? ​

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

59.

The picture below shows an enzyme unwinding and unzipping DNA.

​

​What is the name of this enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

60.

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.


​Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be

a)

Semi- Conservative

b)

Semi-discontinuous

c)

Continuous

d)

Fully-Conserveative

61.
I am a single strand.
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
62.
I include the bases Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine and Thymine.
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
63.
I am arranged as a double helix or "twisted ladder".
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
64.
I travel outside of the nucleus.
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
65.
I have the sugar ribose.
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
66.

I have the sugar deoxyribose.

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

67.

In RNA, adenine goes with __________.

a)

adenine

b)

cytosine

c)

thymine

d)

uracil

68.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
69.

Identify.

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

tRNA

70.

Identify.

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

rRNA

71.

Carries the amino acid used to make a protein

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

72.
Which type of RNA takes the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
RNA polymerase

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