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Honors Biology - Genetics, DNA, and Protein synthesis

Total questions: 138

Worksheet time: 4hrs 53mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The assembling of new molecules, especially polymers.

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Meisosis

c)

Mitosis

d)

Synthesis

2.

Assembling proteins via instructions from DNA.

a)

Replication

b)

Mutations

c)

Protein synthesis

d)

Homeostasis

3.

A single strand of nucleotides made by DNA that is used to communicate genetic code outside the nucleus.

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Amino acid chain

4.

DNA makes RNA → RNA makes proteins →

Proteins make life.

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Mendelian Genetics

c)

Central Dogma

d)

Myocardial Infarction

5.

Double stranded DNA is unzipped, and one strand is used as a template to form Messenger RNA.

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Mitosis

6.

Messenger RNA travels out of the nucleus to ribosomes

and is used as a template to assemble a protein.

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Homeostasis

7.

A single strand of nucleotides coded by DNA

which travels to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm to give instructionsfor building proteins.

a)

tRNA

b)

DNA

c)

mRNA

d)

rRNA

8.

A small section of RNA that transports amino acids

to the ribosome for synthesis into proteins.

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

DNA

9.

A nucleotide base that takes the place of Thymine in RNA.

a)

Uracil

b)

Thymine

c)

Adenine

d)

uRNA

10.

The enzyme that codes mRNA from DNA instructions.

a)

DNA Polymerase

b)

RNA Polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

Lipase

11.

A ←→ U

C ←→ G

T → A

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Mitosis

c)

Base Pairing Rules for Replication

d)

Base Pairing Rules for Transcription

12.

The order of the nucleotide bases in DNA or RNA.

a)

Numerical sequence

b)

Amino acid sequence

c)

Base Sequence

d)

Anti codon

13.

Units of 3 nucleotide bases in mRNA which code for a single

amino acid.

a)

Mitosis

b)

Base Pairing

c)

Anti codon

d)

Codon

14.

The reverse codon found on the tRNA.

a)

Codon

b)

Anticodon

c)

Mitosis

d)

Meiosis

15.

A chart that shows the relationship between

codons and the amino acids they code for.

a)

Homeostasis chart

b)

Anticodon

c)

Codon Chart

d)

EKG Chart

16.

Three nucleotide bases that code for the beginning

of a strand of protein.

a)

Uracil

b)

Stop Codon

c)

Anticodon

d)

Start Codon

17.

Three nucleotide bases that code for the end

of a strand of protein.

a)

Anticodon

b)

Start Codon

c)

Stop Codon

d)

tRNA

18.

Most of a ribosome is made of rRNA.

a)

Anticodon

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

19.
Heterozygous is when...
a)
the alleles are the same
b)
the alleles are different
c)
the alleles are absent
d)
the alleles are present
20.
What you see, or the physical appearance.
a)
Genotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Homozygous
d)
Heterozygous
21.

Which statement is true?

a)

Your DNA is identical to your siblings.

b)

Your DNA is identical to your father's.

c)

Your DNA is identical to your mother's.

d)

Your DNA is unique to you.

22.
Which characteristic would most likely be inherited by a baby?
a)
brown hair
b)
crying a lot
c)
ability to jump high
d)
his ability to talk
23.

How many chromosomes do humans have?

a)

46

b)

23

c)

96

d)

21

e)

43

24.
The dominant trait is
a)
yellow pea seeds
b)
green pea seeds
c)
there is no dominant seed
d)
Jolly green giant
25.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains uracil
26.
What are the four nitrogen bases?
a)
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
b)
adenine, lysine, prolene, guanine
c)
arganine, cytosine, lysine, purine
d)
lysine, cytosine, lucine, guanine
27.
What kind of information does DNA carry?
a)
genetic
b)
nuclear
c)
cell structure
d)
it doesn't carry any info
28.

How many nitrogen bases does DNA have?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

29.

Every living thing has genetic information stored in the form of

a)

Ribosomes

b)

DNA

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Mitochondria

30.

If two alleles are the same for a certain trait they are considered

a)

Homozygous

b)

Twins

c)

Heterozygous

d)

Common

31.

Physical traits that are expressed are known as ____________

a)

Mutation

b)

Personality

c)

Genotype

d)

Phenotype

32.

True or false: Mutations only harm chances of survival:

a)

True

b)

False

33.
The traits of an organism are passed to its offspring on small coded strands of DNA material called
a)
meiosis
b)
recessive traits
c)
genes
d)
heredity
34.

carries copies of instruction for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

a)

DNA

b)

sequence

c)

protein synthesis

d)

messenger RNA

e)

transfer RNA

35.

carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis

a)

DNA

b)

sequence

c)

protein synthesis

d)

messenger RNA

e)

transfer RNA

36.

Who is considered the "father" of modern genetics?

a)

James Watson

b)

Gregor Mendel

c)

Francis Crick

d)

Donald Trump

37.

A single cross such as flower color.

a)

monohybrid

b)

dihybrid

c)

crossing over

d)

homozygous

38.
TT,tt,PP,pp,SS,ss are examples of alleles that are?
a)
homozygous
b)
heterozygous
c)
different
d)
homologous 
39.
The exact genetic makeup of an organism, such as RR, Tt, PP is its?
a)
phenotype
b)
dominance
c)
genotype
d)
trait
40.
Y for yellow body is dominant over y for blue body.  What alleles would produce yellow bodies?
a)
YY,yy
b)
Yy,yy
c)
YY only
d)
YY,Yy
41.
"The Great White Shark was 20 feet in length.  Phenotype or Genotype?
a)
phenotype
b)
genotype
42.
A physical characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring.
a)
behavior
b)
trait
c)
strong muscles
d)
ability to fly a plane.
43.

Which of the following best describes the genotype "Rr"?

a)

recessive

b)

heterozygous

c)

purebred

d)

all of the above

44.

If brown eyes are dominant and blue eyes are recessive, what color eyes do the parents in this Punnett Square have?

a)

one has brown eyes and the other has blue eyes

b)

they both have blue eyes

c)

they both have brown eyes

d)

there's no way to tell based on this information

45.

Which of these Punnett squares represents a cross between a homozygous dominant parent and a heterozygous parent?

a)
b)
c)
d)
46.

If both parents have the genotype Aa, what is the chance their offspring will also have the genotype Aa?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

e)

100%

47.

In pea plants, being tall is dominant and being short is recessive. Two tall plants mate. One has the genotype Tt and the other has the genotype TT. What is the chance that they will have a tall offspring?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

e)

100%

48.

A dog with straight fur (Bb) is crossed with a dog with curly fur (bb). What is the probability the offspring will have straight fur assuming simple dominance?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

e)

100%

49.
If you cross a black chicken with a white chicken, only checkered chickens would be produced.  What kind of inheritance pattern does this follow?
a)
Complete Dominance
b)
Incomplete Dominance
c)
Co-Dominance
d)
Sex-linked
50.

Assuming codominance, if you cross two checkered chickens (Bb x Bb), what would be the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

a)

All Checkered

b)

1 Black : 2 Checkered : 1 White

c)

2 Black : 2 White

d)

3 Black : 1 White

51.
R = tongue rolling, r = no tongue rolling. An individual who is Rr can roll their tongue.  What type of inheritance pattern does this follow?
a)
Complete Dominance
b)
Incomplete Dominance
c)
Co-Dominance
d)
Sex-linked
52.
What type of inheritance pattern is shown here?
a)
Complete Dominance
b)
Incomplete Dominance
c)
Co-Dominance
d)
Sex-linked
53.
If you cross a red snapdragon with a white snapdragon, only pink snapdragons will be produced.  What type of inheritance pattern does this follow?
a)
Complete Dominance
b)
Incomplete Dominance
c)
Co-Dominance
d)
Sex-linked
54.
Which type of inheritance pattern causes a heterozygote to have an intermediate trait?
a)
Complete Dominance
b)
Incomplete Dominance
c)
Co-Dominance
d)
Sex-linked
55.
Which type of inheritance causes both traits to be expressed equally in the heterozygote?
a)
Complete Dominance
b)
Incomplete Dominance
c)
Co-Dominance
d)
Sex-linked
56.
Cross a roan cow (pictured here Rr) with a white cow (rr), what will be the resulting phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
a)
All Roan cows
b)
All White cows
c)
50% Roan : 50% White
d)
50% Red : %50 White
57.
Hemophilia is a recessive x-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a female who is a carrier for hemophilia?
a)
XHXh
b)
XhXh
c)
XHXH
d)
XhY
58.
Hemophilia is a recessive x-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a male with hemophilia?
a)
XHXh
b)
XhXh
c)
XHY
d)
XhY
59.
Why are men 16 times more likely to be color-blind than women?
a)
to be color-blind, you must have a Y chromosome
b)
to be color-blind, all of your X chromosomes must have the gene
c)
color-blindness is caused by testosterone
d)
color-blindness is caused by the same gene as baldness
60.
When we say that a woman is a carrier for a genetic disease or disorder it means that
a)
she has 1 gene, but not the disorder
b)
she has 2 genes for the disorder
c)
she can pass the gene only to male children
d)
she can pass the gene only to female children
61.
What percentage of the female offspring will be a carrier for this recessive disease?
a)
0%
b)
50%
c)
100%
d)
25%
62.
Which individual in the first generation is a carrier?
a)
The male
b)
The female
c)
individual 1
d)
None of the above
63.
How many kids did the mother and father from the first generation have?
a)
2
b)
4
c)
5
d)
6
64.
How many boys did the mother and father from the first generation have?
a)
2
b)
4
c)
5
d)
6
65.

In the second generation-how many people have the disease or display the physical trait?

a)

2

b)

4

c)

5

d)

6

66.
If two parents are heterozygous for type A blood, what is the probability that their offspring would have type O blood?
a)
100 %
b)
75%
c)
50%
d)
25%
67.
If a father is AA and a mother is AB, what is the probability for a child with AB blood? 
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
68.

A father is heterozygous for his type A blood and a mother is heterozygous for her type B blood. What percentage of their offspring would you expect to have?

a)

50% all blood types

b)

25% Type A, 50% Type B, 25% Type O

c)

50% Type A, 50% Type B

d)

Type A 25%, Type B 25%, Type AB 25%, Type O 25%

69.
What you see, or the physical appearance.
a)
Genotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Homozygous
d)
Heterozygous
70.

The different forms of a gene are called

a)

traits

b)

pollinators

c)

alleles

d)

hybrids

71.

What type of inheritance is determined by multiple genes located at different loci on different chromosomes and there can be a range of traits?

a)

Codominance

b)

Incomplete dominance

c)

Polygenic traits

72.

Shows this specific trait even if only one parent carries it

a)

recessive

b)

homozygous

c)

dominant

d)

heterozygous

73.

When you have two of the same alleles

a)

dominant

b)

homozygous

c)

recessive

d)

heterozygous

74.

a simple genetic rule where a gene only comes in dominant or recessive forms

a)

Codominance

b)

Incomplete Dominance

c)

Mendelian Inheritance (Complete dominance)

d)

Phenotype

75.

Shows this specific trait only if both parents carry it

a)

heterozygous

b)

homozygous

c)

recessive

d)

dominant

76.

the transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism, in order to produce an organism with desired traits

a)

codominance

b)

mutation

c)

cloning

d)

Gene splicing

77.

the process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be parents of the next generation

a)

purebred

b)

selective breeding

c)

phenotype

d)

polygenic inheritance

78.

Which law states that the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another? In other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene.

a)

Law of Genetic Linkage

b)

Law of Inheritance

c)

Law of Segregation

d)

Law of Independent Assortment

79.

Which law states that organisms donate one copy of each gene to each gamete?

a)

Law of Genetic Linkage

b)

Law of Inheritance

c)

Law of Segregation

d)

Law of Independent Assortment

80.

Identify what type of chromosomal mutation occurred that caused the change in chromosome composition illustrated in the diagram at autosome pair 21?

a)

nondisjunction

b)

inversion

c)

insertion

d)

translocation

81.

What type of change in chromosome composition is illustrated in the diagram below?

a)

deletion

b)

inversion

c)

insertion

d)

translocation

82.

What amino acid codes for the DNA sequence TAC?

a)

Methionine

b)

Leucine

c)

Asparagine

d)

Threonine

83.
What do we call the process of turning DNA into mRNA?
a)
Translation
b)
Transcription 
c)
Replication
84.
When DNA is transcribed to RNA.... 
a)
A pairs with U
b)
C pairs with U
c)
A pairs with T
d)
C pairs with T
85.
Amino acids are the building blocks of... 
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Atoms
d)
Proteins
86.
What is a Codon?
a)
4 base pairs that transfer to amino acids
b)
3 base pairs that transfer to amino acids
c)
3 base pairs that transfer to DNA
d)
3 base pairs that transfer to mRNA
87.
What process is occurring in this photo?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
mRNA is matching with amino acids
d)
tRNA is transcribing the DNA
88.
What type of RNA carries the DNA message out of the nucleus to the ribosomes?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
RNA
d)
DNA
89.
A mutation that does NOT show up through protein function is called
a)
deletion mutation
b)
inversion mutation
c)
silent mutation
d)
transverse mutation
90.

Mutations are a change in

a)

DNA and RNA

b)

DNA

c)

RNA

d)

mRNA and tRNA

91.
Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
92.
Which phase of which process does this picture show?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
93.
The job of tRNA is to
a)
carry amino acids to the ribisomes
b)
carry ribisomes to the ER
c)
carry glucose to mitochondria
d)
carry mRNA out of the nucleus
94.
What is true about RNA?
a)
It is indestructible
b)
It can travel outside of the nucleus
c)
It has five nucleotides
d)
It contains twice as much thymine as DNA
95.
Which is the organelle that makes proteins?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Rough ER
d)
Golgi Apparatus
96.
Which amino acid is made from the RNA codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Leucine
c)
Serine
d)
Tyrosine
97.
Which amino acid is made from the RNA codon GUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Leucine
c)
Serine
d)
Valine
98.
What is the correct sequence?
a)
RNA --> DNA --> Protein
b)
Protein --> RNA --> DNA
c)
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
d)
DNA --> Protein --> RNA
99.

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells use these organelles to translate mRNA into amino acids

a)

Ribosomes

b)

Nucleus

c)

Rough ER

d)

DNA

100.

The transfer of genetic info from DNA to RNA is called

a)

translation

b)

transcription

c)

initiation

d)

elongation

101.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
102.
DNA holds the code for
a)
lipids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
protein
d)
sugar
103.
Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand: 
GTAGTCA
a)
UATUAGA
b)
ACGACTG
c)
CAUCAGU
d)
CATCAGT
104.

What is the location in the cell for translation?

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria in cytoplasm

c)

ribosome in cytoplasm

d)

chloroplast in cytoplasm

105.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
106.
What is the location in the cell for transcription?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
d)
mitochondria
107.
Translation is the process where
a)
mRNA is created in the Nucleus
b)
mRNA is decoded to form a protein 
c)
glucose molecules are made
d)
is where lipids are synthesised
108.
Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter?
a)
YES!
b)
NO!
109.
The physical appearance of a trait is known as the-
a)
genotype
b)
phenotype
c)
characteristics
d)
intelligence
110.
The two-letter code that describes the genetic traits of an organism is called a-
a)
Phenotype
b)
Genotype
c)
Physical Appearance
d)
Intelligence
111.
A section on a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait is called a
a)
gene
b)
allele
c)
phenotype
d)
genotype
112.
the study of heredity
a)
Botany
b)
Astronomy
c)
Genetics
d)
Ecology
113.
What you see, or the physical appearance.
a)
Genotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Homozygous
d)
Heterozygous
114.
This is an example of ___________?
a)
Incomplete dominance
b)
Co-Dominance
115.
This is an example of ___________.
a)
 Incomplete Dominance
b)
 Codominance
116.
What type of inheritance do two alleles have if their traits blend together? 
a)
Incomplete Dominance
b)
Co-Dominance
117.
A calico cat shows both the traits for orange fur and black fur. What kind of allele expression is this?
a)
Incomplete Dominance
b)
Co dominance
118.

In mice coat color is incompletely dominant. Black and white are homozygous. Brown mice are heterozygous.


What is the genotype for a brown mouse?

a)

BB

b)

Bb

c)

bb

119.

In cattle red coats are represented as RR, and white coats are represented as WW.


What is the genotype for Roan color?

a)

RR

b)

RW

c)

WW

120.

Based on this Punnett square, what is the chance that an offspring will have a homozygous genotype?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

e)

100%

121.

If tall plants are dominant and short plants are recessive, how would you write the genotype for a homozygous tall plant?

a)

BB

b)

Bb

c)

bb

122.

If tall plants are complete dominant over short plants, what would be the phenotype of the heterozygous genotype?

a)

Tall

b)

Short

c)

Medium

123.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
124.

Which sequence of DNA bases would be the complementary of this DNA strand?

ATG TGA CAG

a)

ATG TGA CAG

b)

TAC ACT GTC

c)

GTA AGT GAC

d)

CAT TCA CTG

125.

What is this picture showing?

a)

translation

b)

transcription

c)

transformation

d)

replication

126.

The transfer of genetic info from DNA to RNA is called

a)

translation

b)

transcription

c)

initiation

d)

elongation

127.

Which of the following sequences best describes the flow of information that takes place when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component?

a)

RNA-DNA-RNA-PROTEIN

b)

DNA-RNA-PROTEIN

c)

PROTEIN-RNA-DNA

d)

DNA-AMINO ACID-RNA-PROTEIN

128.

The transfer of genetic info from RNA to Protein is called

a)

translation

b)

transcription

c)

initiation

d)

elongation

129.
What are the primary components of a nucleotide? 
a)
base, phosphate, and sugar
b)
acid, base, and phosphate 
c)
base, oxygen, and phosphate
d)
acid, chlorine, and hydrogen
130.
What statement best describes the role of DNA in protein synthesis? 
a)
DNA carries the amino acid to the ribosomes. 
b)
DNA forms the structural parts of the ribosomes.
c)
DNA joins the chains of amino acids to form a protein. 
d)
DNA contains the information for building individual proteins. 
131.
The DNA sequence ACTCG produces which mRNA sequence during transcription? 
a)
TGAGC
b)
UGAGC
c)
ACTCG
d)
ACUCG
132.
Which of these shows the correct order for the central dogma of molecular biology?
a)
DNA to protein to RNA
b)
RNA to DNA to protein
c)
protein to DNA to RNA
d)
DNA to RNA to protein
133.
What is the location in the cell for translation?
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
ribosome
d)
chloroplast
134.
What is the location in the cell for transcription?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
d)
mitochondria
135.
Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter?
a)
YES!
b)
NO!
136.

Mutations can be negative because

a)

They can cause cancer

b)

They can cause birth defects

c)

They can help an organism thrive in its environment.

d)

They can affect offspring.

137.

Mutations can benefit humans because they can:

a)

Cause illness

b)

Make an organism more suited to live in its environment.

c)

Make organisms live shorter lives

d)

Cause organisms to grow extra limbs.

138.

A mutation is defined as:

a)

A change in the cell's structure

b)

Anything that changes in an embryo

c)

Any change in the physical features of a human

d)

A change in the DNA sequence

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Worksheet

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11th - 12th Grade

Revision Chapter 9

134 questions

Revision Chapter 9

quiz

Worksheet

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12th Grade - University

Genetics Unit Review

137 questions

Genetics Unit Review

quiz

Worksheet

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9th - 12th Grade

Biology Final Review

141 questions

Biology Final Review

quiz

Worksheet

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9th - 12th Grade

AP Unit 8 Ecology Review

139 questions

AP Unit 8 Ecology Review

quiz

Worksheet

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9th - 12th Grade