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Worksheets22.1 The upper respiratory system warms, humidifies, and filters
Total questions: 63
Worksheet time: 32mins
What is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system?
The mouth
The eyes
The nose
The ears
Which of the following is NOT a function of the nose?
Warming and moistening entering air
Filtering and cleaning inspired air
Serving as a resonating chamber for speech
Digesting food
The structures of the nose are divided into the external nose and what other part for ease of consideration?
Nasal passage
Nasal cavity
Nasal sinus
Nasal fossa
What are the surface features of the external nose?
Root, bridge, and dorsum nasi
Apex, alae, and nares
Frontal bone, nasal bone, and maxillary bone
Septal cartilage, alar cartilages, and lateral processes
What term is used to refer to the external openings of the nose?
Alae
Apex
Nares
Dorsum nasi
Which bones form the superior part of the external nose's skeletal framework?
Nasal and frontal bones
Maxillary and nasal bones
Frontal and maxillary bones
Nasal and maxillary bones
What type of cartilage comprises the flexible plates of the external nose?
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Calcified cartilage
How does air enter the internal nasal cavity?
Through the mouth
Through the nostrils or nares
Through the pharynx
Through the septal cartilage
What divides the nasal cavity?
The vomer bone
The septal cartilage and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
The nasal apertures
The choanae
What are the posterior nasal apertures also called?
Septum
Nares
Choanae
Nostrils
What is the function of the nasal cavity in relation to the pharynx?
It filters the air entering the pharynx
It warms the air entering the pharynx
It is continuous with the nasal portion of the pharynx
It prevents air from entering the pharynx
What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
Maxillary bones
Palatine bones
Ethmoid and sphenoid bones
Mucous membrane
What is the function of the vibrissae in the nasal cavity?
To warm the inspired air
To filter coarse particles from inspired air
To produce mucus
To detect odors
What is the floor of the nasal cavity formed by?
The ethmoid and sphenoid bones
The hard and soft palate
The palatine bones and processes of the maxillary bones
The mucous membrane
What is the unsupported posterior portion of the palate called?
Hard palate
Soft palate
Nasal vestibule
Nasal conchae
What lines the part of the nasal cavity just superior to each nostril, known as the nasal vestibule?
Mucous membrane
Skin containing sebaceous and sweat glands and numerous hair follicles
Olfactory epithelium
Palatine bones
What type of epithelium is the respiratory mucosa made of?
Squamous epithelium
Ciliated columnar epithelium
Transitional epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
What do goblet cells in the respiratory mucosa secrete?
Hormones
Mucus
Enzymes
Bile
What is the function of lysozyme in the mucus of the respiratory system?
To warm the incoming air
To humidify the incoming air
To chemically destroy bacteria
To transport oxygen
Which natural antibiotics are secreted by the epithelial cells of the respiratory mucosa?
Antigens
Defensins
Antibodies
Vaccines
What is the role of the ciliated cells of the respiratory mucosa?
To secrete mucus
To absorb nutrients
To move the sheet of contaminated mucus
To produce enzymes
What happens to the nasal cilia when exposed to cold air?
They become more active
They become sluggish, allowing mucus to accumulate
They stop working completely
They move mucus toward the throat more quickly
What is the reason for having a runny nose on a cold day?
Mucus dries up in the nasal cavity
Water vapor in expired air condenses at lower temperatures
The nasal mucosa stops producing mucus
Cold air increases the production of mucus
What triggers a sneeze reflex?
Contact with warm air
Accumulation of mucus in the throat
Contact with irritating particles like dust or pollen
Engorgement of blood vessels in the nasal epithelium
Why are nosebleeds common and often profuse?
The nasal mucosa is not well-supplied with blood vessels
The inspired air is always too warm
The blood vessels in the nasal epithelium are abundant and located superficially
The mucosal surface is not exposed to the air
What are the three types of nasal conchae mentioned in the text?
Anterior, posterior, and lateral nasal conchae
Superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae
Medial, lateral, and central nasal conchae
Proximal, distal, and medial nasal conchae
What is the function of the nasal conchae during inhalation according to the text?
To decrease air turbulence and filter air
To warm, humidify, and filter the air
To cool and dry the air
To direct air straight to the lungs without filtration
What is the groove inferior to each concha called?
Nasal meatus
Nasal passage
Nasal groove
Nasal canal
According to the text, what happens to particles larger than 6 µm in the nasal cavity?
They are absorbed into the nasal tissue.
They make it past the nasal conchae without issue.
They are deflected onto the mucus-coated surfaces and trapped.
They are exhaled back out of the nasal cavity.
What additional function do the conchae and nasal mucosa have during exhalation?
To warm and moisten the air
To reclaim heat and moisture from the air
To increase air turbulence
To filter out gaseous particles
Where are the paranasal sinuses located?
In the nasal cavity
In the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones
Around the heart
In the lungs
What is the function of the mucus produced by the sinuses?
It helps in digestion
It warms and moistens the air
It strengthens the skull
It aids in hearing
What can cause rhinitis?
Bacterial infections only
Viral infections only
Cold viruses, streptococcal bacteria, and various allergens
Excessive heat exposure
What is rhinitis characterized by?
Decreased mucus production and dry eyes
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa accompanied by excessive mucus production, nasal congestion, and postnasal drip
Inflammation of the throat and coughing
High fever and chills
Why do nasal cavity infections often spread to the nasolacrimal ducts and paranasal sinuses?
Because the mucosa is sensitive to infections.
Because the mucosa extends tentacle-like into the nasolacrimal ducts and paranasal sinuses.
Because the nasal cavity is not connected to the sinuses.
Because the sinuses are filled with infectious material.
What can cause sinusitis (inflamed sinuses)?
A change in atmospheric pressure.
Blockage of the passageways connecting the sinuses to the nasal cavity.
The mucosa not extending into the nasolacrimal ducts.
The pressure within the sinuses being the same as atmospheric pressure.
What can result from a change in pressure within the sinuses?
A typical nose to throat to chest progression of colds.
The mucosa extending into the nasolacrimal ducts.
A sinus headache.
Sinusitis.
What is the common name for the pharynx?
Esophagus
Trachea
Throat
Larynx
How long is the pharynx?
5 cm
13 cm
30 cm
50 cm
Into how many regions is the pharynx divided?
Two
Three
Four
Five
Which of the following is NOT one of the regions of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Bronchopharynx
What type of muscle composes the muscular pharynx wall?
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Elastic muscle
Does the cellular composition of the pharynx's mucosa vary?
Yes, it varies from one pharyngeal region to another.
No, it is the same throughout the pharynx.
Yes, but only between the nasopharynx and oropharynx.
No, it only varies between individuals.
Which region of the pharynx is located above the oropharynx?
Laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx
Trachea
Esophagus
What is the region of the pharynx that is positioned below the nasopharynx but above the laryngopharynx?
Larynx
Esophagus
Oropharynx
Trachea
Which region of the pharynx is the lowest part that connects to the esophagus?
Oropharynx
Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
Trachea
What is the function of the nasopharynx?
It serves as a passageway for food.
It serves only as an air passageway.
It is responsible for the production of digestive enzymes.
It filters blood and removes old red blood cells.
Where is the nasopharynx located in relation to the nasal cavity?
Anterior to the nasal cavity
Posterior to the nasal cavity
Inferior to the nasal cavity
Lateral to the nasal cavity
Which bone is the nasopharynx inferior to?
Mandible bone
Maxilla bone
Sphenoid bone
Zygomatic bone
What is the position of the nasopharynx in relation to the soft palate?
Anterior
Posterior
Superior
Inferior
What is the function of the uvula during swallowing?
It moves inferiorly to allow food to enter the nasal cavity.
It moves superiorly to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity.
It remains stationary to filter the air entering the nasopharynx.
It contracts to propel mucus in the nasopharynx.
What is the role of the pharyngeal tonsil located in the nasopharynx?
It warms and humidifies the air entering the nasopharynx.
It traps and destroys pathogens entering the nasopharynx.
It produces mucus to lubricate the nasal cavity.
It moves to allow air passage through the posterior nasal apertures.
What happens when infected and swollen adenoids block air passage in the nasopharynx?
It becomes easier to breathe through the nose.
The air is better filtered before entering the lungs.
It is necessary to breathe through the mouth.
The air is more effectively warmed and moistened.
What is the function of the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tubes?
To drain the middle ear cavities and allow middle ear pressure to equalize with atmospheric pressure
To warm, humidify, and filter air before reaching the lungs
To protect the oral cavity from infections
To facilitate speech and sleep
Where do the pharyngotympanic tubes open into?
The lateral walls of the nasopharynx
The oral cavity
The level of the soft oropharynx
The archway called the isthmus of the fauces
What is the strategic location of the tubal tonsil?
Behind the oral cavity
Posterior to the pharyngotympanic tubes
Posterior to each opening of the pharyngotympanic tubes
Inferiorly from the level of the soft oropharynx
What does the oropharynx lie posterior to?
The nasal cavity
The oral cavity
The middle ear
The nasopharynx
Through what does the oropharynx continue with the oral cavity?
The lateral walls of the nasopharynx
The isthmus of the fauces
The tubal tonsil
The pharyngotympanic tubes
What type of epithelium does the oropharynx change to from the nasopharynx?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium
Transitional epithelium
What is the function of the structural adaptation of the oropharynx epithelium?
To accommodate the decreased friction and chemical trauma
To filter the air passing through the oropharynx
To accommodate the increased friction and chemical trauma
To warm the air before it reaches the lungs
Where are the paired palatine tonsils located?
Embedded in the anterior walls of the oropharyngeal mucosa
Embedded in the lateral walls of the oropharyngeal mucosa
Covering the anterior surface of the tongue
In the nasopharynx
What does the laryngopharynx line directly posterior to?
The esophagus
The trachea
The larynx
The nasal cavity
Which components of the upper respiratory system enhance turbulence in the inhaled air?
posterior nasal apertures
paranasal sinuses
vibrissae
nasal conchae
