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Biology Now CUE Review- Chapters 18-21

Total questions: 91

Worksheet time: 2hrs 47mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following contributes to the unequal warming of earth?
I. variation in the angle of sunlight that reaches Earth
II. variation in the amount of surface area over which the Sun's rays are distributed
III. variation in the amount of sunlight reflected from clouds
a)
I only
b)
I and II only
c)
II and III only
d)
III only
2.

Why are the locations in high latitudes so much colder than the locations in low latitudes?

a)

They receive less direct sunlight.

b)

They receive more direction sunlight.

c)

The sun never shines there.

d)

The sun doesn't like those areas.

3.

What happens to air as it rises in the atmosphere?

a)

It descends to Earth's surface

b)

It becomes more dense

c)

It carries moisture to form clouds

d)

It flows towards the poles

4.

What is the circulation pattern of Hadley Cells?

a)

From east to west

b)

From the equator to the poles

c)

From the poles to the equator

d)

From west to east

5.

What is the main reason for the formation of clouds and precipitation in the tropics?

a)

The aridity of the region

b)

The rotation of the Earth

c)

The convergence of air

d)

The density of water

6.

What is the result of the convergence of air from the northern and southern hemispheres? Text P.348- Fig 18.7

a)

Increase in ocean salinity

b)

Formation of tropical rainforests

c)

Formation of deserts

d)

Decrease in ocean salinity

7.
In addition to temperature a terrestrial biome is defined by
I. annual precipitation
II. distinctive animal species
III. distinctive plant species
a)
I only
b)
I and II only
c)
I and III only
d)
I, II, and III
8.
aquatic biomes are categorized by which of the following
I. dominant plant growth forms
II. depth
III. salinity
a)
I and II only
b)
I and III only
c)
II and III only
d)
III only
9.
The condition of the atmosphere, such as temperature, cloud cover, wind speed and rainfall
a)
climate
b)
weather
c)
trend
d)
season
10.

If Fort Collins consistently experiences above average temperatures and rainfall for the next 25 years, that would represent a change in...

a)

weather

b)

climate

11.

Which of the following best describes the measurements of CO2 levels in the atmosphere since 1958?

a)

CO2 levels have shown steady increase since accurate measurements began.

b)

Co2 levels are higher in winter and lower in the summer, but the winter "highs" have increased each year and the summer "lows" have not fallen as far.

c)

CO2 levels are higher in the winter and lower in the summer, but the winter "highs" are higher each year and the summer "lows" are lower each year.

12.

Which of the following is true about greenhouse gasses?

a)

They reradiate infrared radiation back to Earth.

b)

They are not affected by human activity.

c)

They convert sunlight into energy in the form of heat that warms the earth.

13.

A natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere keep heat near the surface of the Earth and prevent it from radiating into space.

a)

climate

b)

the greenhouse effect

c)

El Nino

d)

emission

14.

The release of products of combustion into the air often causes the formation of ozone near the surface of Earth. This ground-level ozone damages plants and affects their ability to absorb carbon dioxide. What most likely caused the doubling of ground-level ozone since 1850?

a)

greater use of nuclear fuel

b)

Emissions from vehicles & industrial processes

c)

extinction of certain animal species

d)

composition of the upper atmosphere

15.

Which of the following are greenhouse gases?

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

ozone

c)

methane

d)

carbon dioxide and methane

16.

Melting glaciers are causing ___________ to rise around the world.

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Greenhouse Effect

c)

greenhouse gases

d)

sea levels

17.

Which of the following has caused repeating 100,000-year cycles of ice ages in the past?

a)

an increase in sunspots

b)

several major volcanic eruptions

c)

changes in Earth’s orbit and the tilt of its axis

d)

continental drift

18.

Which of the following is FALSE about the greenhouse effect? you can choose more than one

a)

It is a natural process

b)

It is caused by gasses trap heat from infrared radiation

c)

It has a positive impact on Earth as it allows for temperatures that make life possible to exist

d)

It has a negative impact on Earth as it is the cause of global warming

19.

What are some potential consequences of climate change?

a)

The sea levels will rise putting seaside towns and cities at risk of drowning

b)

The sea levels will drop putting seaside towns and cities at risk of drowning

c)

More extreme weather

d)

Animals will be able to adapt to the changes

20.
The average temperature of the surface of Earth has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which reason best explains this increase in temperature?
a)
lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere
b)
lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere
c)
higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
d)
higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere
21.

How is ocean water becoming more acidic?

a)

Marine calcifiers are dying, causing an increase in ocean pH

b)

The ocean is mixing with CO2 in the air and increasing the amount of carbonic acid

c)

The ocean is getting too hot, which dissolves oxygen and increases pH

d)

Humans are dumping large amount of acid in the ocean

22.

Ocean acidification is what happens when excess CO2 is absorbed by the oceans. This change in pH can have devastating impacts on aquatic plants and animals. Based on the information in the graph which statement best predicts biodiversity of ocean life now versus the 1960’s?

a)

A. Biodiversity has been unaffected by ocean acidification

b)

B. Biodiversity has been unaffected because there has been no ocean acidification

c)

C. Biodiversity has increased because acidification leads to new opportunities to fill niches

d)

D. Biodiversity has decreased because ocean acidification has made the ocean uninhabitable by some life

23.
How much of the CO2 in the atmosphere will be absorbed by the oceans?
a)
all of it
b)
1/2
c)
1/4
d)
none of it
24.

Which is a natural source of greenhouse gases that cause climate change?

a)

burning fossil fuels

b)

deforestation

c)

volcanic eruptions

d)

evaporation at the surface of the ocean

25.

In 2018 several large volcanoes erupted including the Popocateptl volcano in Mexico, which is still erupting today. It continues to pump ash and gas into the atmosphere. If nothing else was affecting the climate, how would the global temperature be affected by these volcanic eruptions?

a)

A. The temperature would lower due to the ash reflecting UV radiation

b)

B. The pH of the atmosphere will change

c)

C. The carbon dioxide that it emits will help to raise the temperature

d)

D. Volcanoes only affect plate tectonics, not global temperatures

26.

Studies show that if humans were to stop greenhouse emissions today it could take hundreds of years for the Earth to begin to cool to pre industrial revolution temperatures. The major contributor to this is the ocean. Which of the following explains why this is the case?

a)

A. The ocean stores most of the extra CO 2 and it would begin releasing it back to the atmosphere.

b)

B. The ocean absorbs most of the excess heat and would begin releasing it back into the atmosphere.

c)

C. The ocean holds most of the organisms that do photosynthesis and they would die without the extra greenhouse gasses.

d)

D. The ocean is full of rock and rocks store most of the excess heat and would begin releasing it back into the atmosphere.

27.

__________________ is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere. ______________ is essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves.

P.348 Fig. 18.6: Hydrologic Cycle

a)

Transpiration

b)

Percolation

c)

Infiltration

d)

Plant Uptake

28.

Water that flows across the land and enters rivers and streams. It eventually flows into lakes and the ocean.

a)

Snowmelt runoff

b)

Surface Runoff

c)

Deposition

d)

Precipitation

29.
Which best explains why runoff is important?
a)
It returns water to other locations on Earth
b)
It increases the chance of flooding
c)
It makes evaporation occur faster
d)
It increases condensation
30.

________________ is movement of water past the soil going deep into the groundwater.

a)

Evaporation

b)

Transpiration

c)

Percolation

d)

Sublimation

31.

What would happen if the Sun is removed from the water cycle?

a)

The water cycle would not include precipitation but would continue with groundwater flow.

b)

The water cycle would no longer occur because the Sun provides the energy for evaporation and transpiration.

c)

The water cycle would no longer occur because the Sun provides energy for the formation of clouds.

d)

The water cycle would not include evaporation and transpiration but would continue with condensation.

32.

How does carbon get into the ocean?

a)

Diffusion - Shells and other carbon containing organism dissolve into the water

b)

Cellular Respiration - animals in the ocean breath out carbon dioxide

c)

Fossil Fuels - Human's burn fossil fuels and the oil ends up in the ocean

d)

Rain - Rain water contains carbon that ends up in the ocean

33.

How do carbon emissions lead to global warming?

a)

By trapping the sun's heat in the atmosphere

b)

By causing very hot volcanic eruptions

c)

By catching fire in the atmosphere

d)

By increasing the amount of carbon in Earth's crust

34.

How do animals add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

a)

Through breathing

b)

Through photosynthesis

c)

Through cellular respiration

d)

Through transpiration

35.

This graph shows ....

a)

When one population increases, the other decreases.

b)

When one population decreases, the other increases.

c)

When one population increases, the other increases instantly.

d)

When one population increases, it causes the other to increases shortly after.

36.

How do animals get carbon?

a)

By eating plants and or other animals.

b)

They absorb it from the atmosphere.

c)

From the ground

d)

They do not get carbon from anywhere.

37.
What does not produce carbon dioxide?
a)
Photosynthesis
b)
Burning Fossil Fuels
c)
Animal respiration
d)
Plants decaying
38.
The diagram shows the flow of organic molecules through an ecosystem. What two processes are identified by the labels X and Y?
a)
X : Respiration
Y : Predation
b)
X : Adaptation
Y : Decomposition
c)
X : Fermentation
Y : Nitrogen Fixation
d)
X : Decomposition
Y : Respiration
39.
How is the burning of fossil fuels related to global warming?
a)
Magic
b)
Fuels are hot
c)
Greenhouse effect
d)
Photosynthesis
40.

How does carbon become locked inside the earth?

a)

Tree roots expel carbon into the soil as they grow.

b)

Humans use machines to pump carbon dioxide into large underground rocks.

c)

Rocks become richer in carbon as time goes by.

d)

The carbon-rich bodies of plants and animals decay into the earth after they die.

41.
What is the role of decomposers in an Ecosystem? 
a)
They recycle matter and nutrients to form fossil fuels
b)
They are burn and release as carbon dioxide
c)
Decomposers are responsible to turn oxygen into carbon dioxide
d)
They recycle energy back to the sun
42.

Forests are carbon sinks because they remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through ____________.

a)

combustion

b)

respiration

c)

photosynthesis

d)

decomposition

43.

Human activities add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, therefore we are carbon ________.

a)

sinks

b)

sources

44.
Marine organisms make their shells from calcium and
a)
chloride
b)
carbonate
c)
seawater
45.

How does ocean acidification affect marine organisms with calcium carbonate shells?

a)

shells dissolve as the carbonate combines with hydronium to make bicarbonate

b)

thickening of shells as layer of carbonic acid coats the organisms

c)

increases resilience to predation

d)

coral bleaching due to the lower pH range in the ater

46.

Primary succession is... 

P.398, Fig. 20.15

a)
When a hurricane causes a river to flood its banks
b)
When a farmer ploughs his fields to remove all existing plant life.
c)
When fire burns through a forest and ills all vegetation less than 1m tall.
d)
When increasing temperature causes a glacier to recede from an area of rocky ground
47.

The secondary succession is ___.

P.399 Fig. 20.16

a)
lichens and mosses arrive on bare rock and begin to trap soil
b)
a complex, stable ecosystem is formed
c)
plants grow in an area devastated by a flood
d)
plants grow in a newly formed pond
48.

Study of populations in relation to environment, including environmental influences on density and distribution, age structure, and population size.

a)

population ecology

b)

community ecology

c)

ecosystem ecology

d)

biosphere ecology

49.

Processes that add individuals to a population.

a)

birth and immigration

b)

death and emigration

50.
If the number of births in a population is the same as the number of deaths in a population, what will happen to the growth of the population?
a)
It will increase.
b)
It will decrease.
c)
It will stay the same.
d)
It will fluctuate.
51.

Number of individuals per unit area or volume.

a)

denisty

b)

dispersion

c)

survivorship

d)

immigration

52.
The ecological niches of three bird species are shown in the diagram. What is the advantage of each bird species having a different niche?
a)
As more birds feed higher in the tree, available energy increases.
b)
More abiotic resources are available for each bird.
c)
Predators are less likely to feed on birds in a variety of locations.
d)
There is less competition for food.
53.

Why don't populations grow indefinitely?

a)

limiting factors

b)

only biotic factors

c)

only abiotic factors

d)

none of the above

54.

What is the carrying capacity mean?

a)

The number of individuals an area can carry

b)

the number of births

c)

The number of deaths an area has

d)

not sure

55.
Which kind of growth does the human population follow? It is described as a J-shaped curve.
a)
Exponential Growth
b)
Logistic Growth
c)
Outstanding Growth
d)
Minimal Growth
56.

Which statement best describes the relationship between species A and B?

a)

Species A is the prey of Species B

b)

Species A is a parasite of Species B

c)

Species A is a consumer and B is a producer

d)

Species A and B has a mutualistic relationship

57.

Why are bees considered a keystone species?

a)

The honey they make supports the bear population

b)

They pollinate flowers that produce fruit which supports the ecosystem

c)

They sting when threatened

d)

They live in hives

58.
Based on the graph shown, how can you tell sea otters are a keystone species?
a)
as the sea otter population decreases, biodiversity increases
b)
as sea otter population increases, biodiversity increases
c)
changes in the sea otter population have little effect on biodiversity 
d)
the sea otter population dereases due to the presence of urchins
59.

The total quantity of all living matter in an area is called:

a)

Troposphere

b)

Net Primary Productivity

c)

Biomass

d)

Ecosystem

60.
To measure primary productivity, you can measure carbon dioxide consumption, total carbohydrates produced or ________________.
a)
dissolved oxygen
b)
total proteins produced
c)
light energy entering system
61.
The most important abiotic factors when studying biomes are...
a)
Food and Water
b)
Rain and Sunlight
c)
Temperature and Oxygen
d)
Precipitation and Temperature 
62.

In a forest ecosystem, which of the following is the BEST example of a limiting factor for a rabbit population?

a)

a neighboring squirrel Population

b)

sunlight

c)

trees

d)

presence of predators

63.

parasites, disease, predators, are examples of what type of limiting factors?

a)

density dependent

b)

density independent

c)

survivorship

d)

type 1 curve

64.
When a population grows past the ecosystem's carrying capacity, what happens to the population?
a)
Continues to grow
b)
The population starts to die off to return to carrying capcity
c)
The population will go extinct due to lack of resources
d)
The population grows then finds a new carrying capacity
65.

What type of growth model is shown in image A?

a)

Exponential

b)

Logistic

66.

Why are some sharks considered a keystone species?

a)

Because they are a top predator

b)

They scare off smaller fish that may overgraze an area of sea grass

c)

They are tertiary consumers

d)

They are cartilaginous

67.

Which one of the following keystone examples is a keystone predator found in the tidal pools of northwestern North America and was the species that launched Robert Paine’s keystone species concept?

a)

starfish

b)

sea otters

c)

beavers

d)

wolves

e)

elephants

68.

A life form that is very sensitive to environmental changes in its ecosystem. They can give us early-warning messages that a habitat is suffering.

a)

Indicator Species

b)

Flagship Species

c)

Predators

d)

Ecosystem Engineers

69.

What happened to the trees and plants in Yellowstone National Park when the elk population increased?

a)

The trees and plants flourished due to supporting a larger primary consumer population

b)

The trees and plants declined due to supporting a larger primary consumer population

c)

The trees and plants remained the same

d)

The trees and plants migrated to a different area

70.
When put together, one organism outcompetes the other for resources.  This is an example of:
a)
competitive exclusion principle
b)
speciation
c)
biological niche
d)
evolution
71.

If these remora fish are hanging with the shark to get scraps but don't hurt the shark, this is an example of

a)

competition

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

commensalism

72.

What type of relationship is this?

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

competition

73.

Ladybugs are often brightly colored with black spots to warn predators that they do not taste good. What color strategy do ladybugs use?

P.394-395

a)

Camouflage

b)

Disguise

c)

Warning Coloration

d)

Disruptive Coloration

e)

Mimicry

74.

Sand crabs have patterns on their body that help them to blend into their environment. What color strategy do sand crabs use?

P.394-395

a)

Camouflage

b)

Disguise

c)

Warning Coloration

d)

Disruptive Coloration

e)

Mimicry

75.

King snakes are not poisonous, but they look a lot like coral snakes which are poisonous. What color strategy do king snakes use?

P.394-395

a)

Camouflage

b)

Disguise

c)

Warning Coloration

d)

Disruptive Coloration

e)

Mimicry

76.
Elodea is an autotrophic organism which produces sugars at the bottom of some freshwater food chains. Elodea would best be classified as - 
a)
producers
b)
herbivores
c)
carnivores
d)
omnivores
77.
Which organism in this food chain is a tertiary consumer?
a)
Fish
b)
Grass
c)
Grasshopper
d)
Hawk
78.
In this food pyramid, which level has the greatest amount of energy?
a)
Producers
b)
Primary Consumers
c)
Secondary Consumers
d)
Tertiary Consumers
79.
How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next?
a)
1%
b)
10%
c)
50%
d)
100%
80.
What happens to the energy that is not passed on to the next level?
a)
80-90 percent is used by each member of the chain for life processes
b)
80-90 percent may be lost to heat or waste products
c)
80-90 percent may be eaten 
d)
A and B both
81.
In this food chain, the bacteria is most likely acting as a -
a)
predator
b)
competitor
c)
decomposer
d)
producer
82.

The arrows in a food web display

a)

Symbiotic relationships

b)

That nutrients move from predator, to prey

c)

The direction energy is moving

d)

Trophic levels

83.

Which process do plants use to turn sunlight into food energy?

a)

photosynthesis

b)

cellular respiration

c)

transpiration

d)

evaporation

84.

Why are mushrooms important to the food chain?

a)

They recycle nutrients into the ecosystem.

b)

They produce food energy for other living things.

c)

They recycle oxygen into the atmosphere.

d)

They consume excess herbivores in the ecosystem.

85.

What would happen to this food chain if we doubled the population of the rabbits?

a)

The populations of the snakes and hawks would also increase.

b)

The populations of the grass, snakes, and hawks would decrease.

c)

The grass population would decrease. The snake and hawk population would increase.

d)

The grass and hawk population would decrease. The snake population would increase.

86.

Which most likely caused the rabbit population (light green line) to decrease over the first time unit (0 to 1) in the graph?

a)

A disease in the rabbit population

b)

A decrease in the amount of grass available

c)

A decreasing population of hawks

d)

A higher population of snakes than normal

87.

One characteristic feature of the tundra is that only the surface thaws in the summer and refreezes in the winter, leaving a permanently frozen subsoil. This characteristic is known as

a)

Hoarfrost

b)

Glaciation

c)

Permafrost

d)

Crystallization

88.

The kangaroo rat is able to get all of the water it needs through its food and therefore, never needs to drink liquid. This animal has adapted to survive in which biome?

a)

Forest

b)

Tundra

c)

Desert

d)

Grassland

89.
The biome known for trees with broad leaves that fall off the trees in the winter.
a)
Taiga/Boreal/Coniferous Forests
b)
Temperate Seasonal (Decidious) Forests
c)
Deserts
d)
Tropical Rain Forests
90.

Which biome covers most of the land mass near Earth's equator?

a)

Desert

b)

Grassland

c)

Tropical rainforest

d)

Temperate forest

91.

A large region characterized by a specific type of climate and certain type of plants.

a)

boreal forest (taiga)

b)

climate

c)

biome

d)

canopy