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Final Exam Review

Total questions: 92

Worksheet time: 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

_____ are chemical signals that are secreted into the circulatory system and communicate regulatory messages within the body

a)

Endocrine molecules

b)

Molecules

c)

Animal hormones

d)

Plant hormones

2.

Where do hormones go?

a)

only to one organ at a time

b)

all over

c)

into cells even if they don't have a receptor

d)

to every organ but not the brain

3.

is a network of specialized cells—neurons—that transmit signals along dedicated pathways

a)

endocrine system

b)

nervous system

4.

How is a signaling pathway triggered?

a)

the nervous system sends electrical signals that kickstart it

b)

Because the brain said so

c)

Hormones and other signaling molecules bind to target receptors, triggering specific response pathways

d)

Molecules like water bind to the cells that need water to start the pathway

5.

What is the two criteria that communication between animal cells through secreted signals can be classified as

a)

The type of secreting cell

b)

The speed it takes for the signal to reach its target

c)

The route taken by the signal in reaching its target

d)

The shape of the signal and the shape of the cell receiving the signal

6.

Endocrine signaling ...

a)

the target cells lie near the secreting cells; the target cell is also the secreting cell

b)

Hormones secreted into extracellular fluids by endocrine cells reach their targets via the bloodstream

c)

neurons form specialized junctions with target cells, called synapses

7.

Paracrine and Autocrine Signaling...

a)

the target cells lie near the secreting cells; the target cell is also the secreting cell

b)

Hormones secreted into extracellular fluids by endocrine cells reach their targets via the bloodstream

c)

neurons form specialized junctions with target cells, called synapses

8.

Synaptic and Neuroendocrine Signaling...

a)

the target cells lie near the secreting cells; the target cell is also the secreting cell

b)

Hormones secreted into extracellular fluids by endocrine cells reach their targets via the bloodstream

c)

neurons form specialized junctions with target cells, called synapses

9.

What is an example of a local regulator that also functions as a neurotransmitter

a)

H20

b)

NO

c)

O2

d)

CH3

10.

What are the 2 classes of hormones?

_____ and ____

(include dashes when typing answer)

(a)  

11.

Which of the following are a water-soluble hormones?

a)

Insulin

b)

Epinephrine

c)

Cortisol

d)

Thyroxine

12.

Which of the following are a lipid-soluble hormones?

a)

Insulin

b)

Epinephrine

c)

Cortisol

d)

Thyroxine

13.

The endocrine system and the nervous system are structurally related. Which of the following cells best illustrates this relationship?

a)

a neuron in the spinal cord

b)

a steroid-producing cell in the adrenal cortex

c)

a neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus

d)

a cell in the pancreas that produces digestive enzymes

14.

(a)   hormones are secreted by exocytosis, travel freely in the bloodstream, and bind to cell-surface receptors

15.

Water-soluble hormones are secreted by (a)   , travel freely in the bloodstream, and bind to cell-surface receptors

16.

Water-soluble hormones are secreted by exocytosis, travel (a)   in the bloodstream, and bind to cell-surface receptors

17.

Water-soluble hormones are secreted by exocytosis, travel freely in the bloodstream, and bind to (a)   receptors

18.

(a)   hormones diffuse across cell membranes, travel in the bloodstream bound to transport proteins, and diffuse through the membrane of target cells

19.

Lipid-soluble hormones (a)   across cell membranes, travel in the bloodstream bound to transport proteins, and diffuse through the membrane of target cells

20.

Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across cell membranes, travel in the bloodstream bound to (a)   , and diffuse through the membrane of target cells

21.

Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across cell membranes, travel in the bloodstream bound to transport proteins, and (a)   through the membrane of target cells

22.

A single hormone can produce a different effect depending on different receptors for the hormone or different signal transduction pathways

a)

true

b)

false

23.

Endocrine cells are often grouped in ductless organs called ___

a)

tonsils

b)

endocrine organs

c)

thyroid glands

d)

endocrine glands

24.

Steroid hormones do not require a membrane receptor because they ___.

a)

are small enough to pass directly through the membrane

b)

are lipid-soluble in the bilayer

c)

pass through special channels

d)

are water soluble

25.

Which is the predominant second messenger involved in regulating glucose metabolism?

a)

insulin

b)

glucagon

c)

adenylyl cyclase

d)

cAMP

26.

Positive feedback systems are characteristic of the ___.

a)

release of antidiuretic hormone and the excretion of sodium by the kidney

b)

secretion of oxytocin and the onset and continuation of labor

c)

relative amounts of insulin and glucagon circulating in the bloodstream

d)

male reproductive system and the pituitary gland

27.

In vertebrates the hypothalamus coordinates endocrine signaling. At the base of the hypothalamus is the pituitary gland.

What is the function of the posterior pituitary?

a)

stores and secretes hormones that are made in the hypothalamus

b)

makes and releases hormones under regulation of the hypothalamus

28.

What are two Posterior Pituitary Hormones

a)

prolactin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete prolactin (PRL),

b)

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates physiology and behavior

c)

Oxytocin regulates milk secretion by the mammary glands

29.

If _____ level drops in the blood, the hypothalamus secretes thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), causing the anterior pituitary to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

a)

thyroid hormone

b)

oxytocin

c)

growth hormone

d)

dopamine

30.

What is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, and has tropic and nontropic effect and its major target is the liver

a)

Oxytocin

b)

growth hormone

c)

thyroid hormone

d)

cAMP

31.

Which of the following hormones is incorectly paired with its action?

a)

oxytocin--stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth

b)

thyroxine--stimulates metabolic processes

c)

insulin--stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver

d)

ACTH--stimulates the release of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex

32.

PTH decreases the level of blood Ca2+

a)

true

b)

false

33.

Calcitonin decreases the level of blood Ca2+

a)

True

b)

False

34.

Cells grow, carry out normal functions, and copy their organelles.

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

M phase

35.

Cells go through additional growth.

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

M phase

36.

Cells undergo cell division, which involves both mitosis and cytokinesis.

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

M phase

37.

Cells replicate DNA.

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

M phase

38.

The G in G1 and G2 stands for _____.

a)

gap

b)

growth

c)

gap/growth

d)

none of these

39.

Cells must pass through a critical checkpoint during which stages of the cell cycle?

a)

G1

b)

G2

c)

M phase

d)

All of these are correct.

40.

Where does DNA synthesis happen in eukaryotic cells?

a)

cytoplasm

b)

mitochondria

c)

nucleus

d)

Golgi apparatus

41.

What two processes make up the M stage?

a)

fermentation & mitosis

b)

mitosis & cytokinesis

c)

glycolysis & cytokinesis

d)

G1 & G2

42.

Some scientists name the stage where cells carry out their normal functions but are unlikely to divide. The name they give this stage is _________.

a)

G0

b)

G1

c)

G2

d)

G3

43.

To stay alive, a cell needs materials to move in and out across its membrane. As a cell grows bigger, its volume increases _____ than its surface area. At a certain point, the cell’s volume would be _____ compared to the area available for materials to move in and out.

a)

faster / too small

b)

faster / too large

c)

slower / too small

d)

slower / too large

44.

The rate at which a particular type of cell divides is linked to the body’s need for that cell type. Skin cells are typically exposed to more damaging conditions than are liver cells. Skin cells must be replaced more often than liver cells. Therefore, which of these statements is true?

a)

Skin cells and liver cells divide at the same rate.

b)

Liver cells divide more often than skin cells.

c)

Skin cells divide more often than liver cells.

d)

Neither skin cells nor liver cells divide.

45.

The word “cycle” in cell cycle refers to the _____ of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells.

a)

repetition

b)

randomness

c)

rapidness

d)

retention

46.

The word cytokinesis has the prefix cyto- that refers to a cell and the suffix -kinesis that refers to division or movement. Therefore, cytokinesis is the process where a cell’s cytoplasm _____.

a)

divides

b)

multiplies

c)

increases

d)

evaporates

47.

A(n) _____ is a stage in the eukaryotic cell cycle at which the cell examines internal and external cues and "decides" whether or not to move forward with division.

a)

checkpoint

b)

chromosome

c)

interphase

d)

tumor

48.

Which one is not a checkpoint?

a)

G0 checkpoint

b)

G1 checkpoint

c)

G2 checkpoint

d)

Spindle checkpoint

49.

Checks for cell size, nutrients, growth factors, and DNA damage.

a)

G1 checkpoint

b)

G2 checkpoint

c)

Spindle checkpoint

d)

DNA polymerase

50.

Checks for DNA damage and DNA replication completeness.

a)

G1 checkpoint

b)

G2 checkpoint

c)

Spindle checkpoint

d)

DNA polymerase

51.

Checks for chromosome attachment to the spindle at the metaphase plate.

a)

G1 checkpoint

b)

G2 checkpoint

c)

Spindle checkpoint

d)

DNA polymerase

52.

programmed cell death = _____

a)

apoptosis

b)

cancer

c)

spindle

d)

cytokinesis

53.

uncontrolled cell growth = _____

a)

apoptosis

b)

cancer

c)

spindle

d)

cytokinesis

54.
Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
a)
mitochondria
b)
chloroplast
c)
cytoplasm
d)
nucleus
55.
What does anaerobic mean?
a)
without carbon dioxide
b)
with carbon dioxide
c)
without oxygen
d)
with oxygen
56.
What does aerobic mean?
a)
doesn't require carbon dioxide
b)
requires carbon dioxide
c)
withour oxygen
d)
with oxygen
57.
What is the ultimate product of cellular respiration?
a)
water
b)
 ATP
c)
glucose
d)
oxygen
58.
How much ATP does cellular respiration ideally make?
a)
2 ATP
b)
0 ATP
c)
10 ATP
d)
36 ATP
59.
Which process occurs in the cytoplasm?
a)
photosynthesis
b)
electron transport chain
c)
glycolysis
d)
Krebs cycle
60.
What is cellular respiration?
a)
the breakdown of glucose  to release ATP
b)
the breakdown of glucose to release NADH
c)
the breakdown of glucose to release FADH
d)
the breakdown of glucose to release carbon
61.
Which molecule isn't an energy carrier?
a)
FADH2
b)
NADH
c)
oxygen
d)
ATP
62.
How many ATP are produced during glycolysis?
a)
0
b)
2
c)
4
d)
1
63.
Which of the following is not an end product of the Krebs cycle?
a)
FADH2
b)
CO2
c)
pyruvic acid
d)
ATP
64.
What are the REACTANTS of cellular respiration?
a)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
b)
water and glucose
c)
carbon dioxide and water
d)
glucose and oxygen
65.
What are the PRODUCTS of cellular respiration?
a)
oxygen and ATP (energy)
b)
water and glucose and ATP (energy)
c)
carbon dioxide and water and ATP (energy)
d)
glucose and oxygen
66.
Which is the correct chemical equation for CELLULAR RESPIRATION?
a)
Glucose (Sugar) + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP (Energy)
b)
ATP (Energy) + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Glucose (Sugar)
c)
Glucose (Sugar) + Carbon Dioxide --> Oxygen + Water + ATP 
d)
Glucose (Sugar) + Water + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Oxygen + ATP (Energy)
67.
Where does the electron transport chain occur?
a)
glucose molecule
b)
mitochondria
c)
cytoplasm
d)
chloroplast
68.
Where does anaerobic respiration occur?
a)
glucose molecule
b)
mitochondria
c)
cytoplasm
69.
When does ATP becomes ADP?
a)
when a phosphate is removed to release energy
b)
when it is exposed to sunlight
c)
when a phosphate is added to store energy
70.
The greatest amount of ATP is produced during
a)
photosynthesis
b)
Electron Transport Chain
c)
glycolysis
d)
Krebs Cycle
71.
Which is a product of glycolysis?
a)
pyruvic acid
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
water
d)
glucose
72.
Which is a product of the Krebs Cycle?
a)
glucose
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
water
d)
pyruvic acid
73.
Which is a product of the electron transport chain?
a)
glucose
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
water
d)
oxygen
74.
Which is a reactant of the electron transport chain?
a)
glucose
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
water
d)
oxygen
75.
Which molecules are made during the Krebs Cycle to power the electron transport chain?
a)
ATP and CO2
b)
ATP and NADH
c)
NADH and FADH2
d)
ADP, NAD+ and FAD+
76.
When is energy stored?
a)
when a bond is made
b)
when a bond is broken
77.
When is energy released?
a)
when a bond is broken
b)
when a bond is made
78.
What is the energy carrier that the cell uses to power its day to day activities?
a)
ATP
b)
NADH
c)
FADH2
d)
glucose
79.

The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called....

a)

Luck

b)

Heredity

c)

Allele

d)

Gene

80.

If no freckles (F) is dominant and having freckles (f) is recessive. What is the genotype of a person who is heterozygous for that trait?

a)

FF

b)

Ff

c)

ff

81.

What is NOT a possible genotype for someone with type B blood?

a)

IBIB

b)

IAIB

c)

IBi

82.
incomplete dominance means that there traits are,,,
a)
expressed equally
b)
dominant
c)
recessive
d)
blended
83.

What is the genotype of a person with type A blood, who had a father with type O blood?

a)

IAIB

b)

IAi

c)

IAIA

d)

ii

84.

What pattern of inheritance is shown in this image?

a)

Codominance

b)

Incomplete dominance

c)

Complete dominance

85.

A man with type AB blood is accused of being the father of a type O baby. The mother is type A. Could this man be the father?

a)

Yes

b)

No

86.

New combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment.

a)

polyploidy

b)

genetic recombination

c)

inbreeding

d)

selective breeding

87.

characteristic, such as red-green color blindness, controlled by genes on the X chromosome; also called an X-linked trait.

a)

sex-linked trait

b)

pedigree

c)

polygenic trait

d)

carrier

88.

________ is when a disease may be more severe or different depending upon which parent transmitted the gene.

a)

Genetic Heterogeneity

b)

Heteroplasmy

c)

Genomic Imprinting

d)

Maternal Imprinting

89.

Carefully examine this pedigree. Determine the mode of inheritance for this trait.

a)

Autosomal Dominant

b)

Autosomal Recessive

c)

Sex-Linked Dominant

d)

Sex-Linked Recessive

90.

Carefully examine this pedigree. Using the letters H/h for the alleles, determine the genotype for individual #8.

a)

HH

b)

Hh

c)

hh

d)

XHY

e)

XhY

91.

Carefully examine this pedigree. Using the letters H/h for the alleles, determine the genotype for individual #21.

a)

HH

b)

Hh

c)

hh

d)

XHY

e)

XhY

92.

Which term(s) best describes the inheritance of human blood types?

a)

incomplete dominance and multiple alleles

b)

codominance and epistasis

c)

codominance and multiple alleles

d)

incomplete dominance and codominance

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