Obtain carbon from inorganic C or CO2

Convert CO2 to organic compounds

Microbes are classified based on their _______ source?

_____ is in variable states that can range from biologically useable to toxic in cell.

EX. inorganic: NO2/O2 organic: glucose

Absence of gas O2 (oxygen)

Presence of gas O2 (oxygen)

Used in: PROTEINS, CH2O’s, LIPIDS & NUCLEIC ACIDS and important for

respiration

is in variable states that must be converted for biological use  Usually supplied via inorganic molecule

(ammonia), (nitrate), (nitrite),

Used in: Protein (ALL AMINO ACIDS), DNA, RNA, ATP

Used in: OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS, BUFFER OF pH, HYDROGEN BONDING

Can use SUNLIGHT as energy source and CO2 as carbon

source via the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Can use INORGANIC MOLECULES as energy source and

CO2 as carbon source via the process of METHANOGENESIS

Use LIGHT as energy source and ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

as carbon source via the modified process of

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

use ORGANIC COMPOUNDS as energy + carbon source via

the process of RESPIRATION or FERMENTATION

Most Bacteria use what type of energy sources

is the process of generating energy and substrates which are used in Anabolism.

is the use of energy and substrates for subsequent biosynthetic pathways.

the net sum of energy transfer between catabolism and anabolism. If enough energy is available for anabolic processes, the cell can grow and replicate.

Energy is stored in high energy bonds between the phosphate groups with catabolism.

Energy is released with loss of a phosphate group and the energy is used in anabolism.

Loss of electrons

Gain of electrons

serves as a co-enzyme carrier molecule to shuttle electrons during metabolism.

Net output of Glycolysis

Less efficient to make energy, ~2ATP

absence of oxygen

Converts pyruvate to lactate

acts as a Terminal electron acceptor in the ETC of the

electrons from NADH and FADH, which generates ATP energy.

Goal is oxidation of pyruvic acid • Efficient transfer of electrons from carbon

molecules to reduce coenzyme electron

carriers NADH and FADH

alternative inorganic electron acceptor

Goal is oxidation of NADH in pathways that serve as electron

shuttle mechanism and occurs in _________ in

Prokaryotes

Which test is used to test for fermentation

Convert organic molecules and ATP to building blocks

Bacteria reproduce by

Bacterial replication involves

Bacterial growth is

Newly inoculated cells, adjust to new environment

 Cells not multiplying at maximum rate

 Population is sparse or dilute

Growth occurs at an exponential rate

 Cells reach maximum rate of cell division

 Continues as long as nutrients and environment are

favorable

Population reaches maximum numbers

 Rate of cell inhibition or death = Rate of multiplication

Decline in growth rate

 Caused by depletion of nutrients , O2

 excretion of toxic waste products  increased density of cells (limited space)

substrate of glycolysis

-Think microbiology not biochem

Which of the following are catabolic pathways

Identify the electron donor in the following Oxidation-Reduction reaction. NADH + O2 --> NAD+ + H2O

What is an example of a saccharide, found in the

bacterial cell?

What is an example of a amino acid, found in the

bacterial cell?

Which catabolic metabolism pathway of aerobic respiration takes place in the cell membrane of

bacteria and mitochondria in eukaryotes?

Bacteria can be quantified by

Based on Colony Forming Unit (CFU)

One bacteria lands on a media plate and replicates to a visible

“colony”, which can be counted

OD600 on y axis

CFU/ml on y axis

O2

necessary, use only aerobic respiration

 Die in absence of O 2

Cannot use O2

die when exposed to O2

 Lack SOD and catalase!

Can use both aerobic respiration (using O2) and

fermentation/anaerobic respiration (without O 2)

Can grow in the presence or absence of O2

Require lesser amounts of O2

Small range that promotes fastest growth & metabolism

rates

Grow best at cold temperatures

Grow best at human body temperatures

Grow best at high temperatures

Growth at low Ph

Growth at high Ph

doesn't kill bacteria cells just stops replication. Stops translation

The three domains of life was created by

viewed microbes under microscope/ animalcules

Cholera, water systems, epidemiology

mycology

sticks/attached to specimen - basic

settles around specimen to form silhouette - acidic

o-antigen

K- antigen

H-antigen

Gram Positive is associated with

Gram Negative is associated with

Both Gram Positive and Gram Negative Have

No Flagella

flagella - single at 1 of both ends

flagella - all around cell

flagella - bunch at 1 end

The vector for Trypanosoma

-sleeping disease

The vector for Leishmania

-skin/ internal lesions

Which protist causes abortion

Roundworms

Flukes: leaf shaped

Viruses more sensitive to disinfectants

Enveloped viruses can do which type of viral release?