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WorksheetsCRHS APHG UNIT 7: CITIES AND URBAN LAND USE
Total questions: 98
Worksheet time: 2hrs 51mins
What term refers to the original location of a settlement and factors that influenced the choice of that location?
Place
Relative location
Situation
Absolute location
Site
Legally adding land to an urban area is known as what process?
accreditation
gentrification
counter-urbanization
blockbusting
annexation
Los Angeles is typified by sprawling, low-rise, residential areas. This pattern emerged because the city grew particularly fast during the age of the?
steam train
automobile
airplane
internet
horse and buggy era
Which of the following statements is TRUE about food deserts?
Food deserts are determined by the soil that can be used for agriculture in a given area.
Food deserts are determined by the access to food in a desert.
Food deserts are determined by the carbohydrate to protean ratio in food sold in stores in a given area.
Food deserts are determined by the availability of fresh and healthy food in an area.
Food deserts are determined by the distance someone would have to travel for food in a desert.
Most early cites were located along rivers for what primary reason?
Citizens needed navigatable rivers for ease of transporting goods.
Citizens needed the water along rivers to irrigate crops.
Citizens needed the salt water available in tidal basins for preserving food.
Urban hydrology required an outlet for sewage treatment plants.
Citizens needed freshwater for drinking and other survival needs.
A primate city such as Mexico City is
always located in the center of its country for maximum accessibility
more than twice the size of any other city in its country and dominant economically and culturally
most likely to share its rank size with at least one other city in the country
always a national capital serving as the seat of government and industrial center of the country
much larger than the cities in any neighboring country and serves as the region’s financial capital
According to Christaller’s central place model, which of the following would most likely have the smallest range?
A university
An international airport
A professional football stadium
A symphony orchestra hall
A grocery store
Central place theory describes the
spatial patterns of urban and outlying areas based on the flow of goods and services
tendency of different ethnic groups to congregate in a single location
tendency of civilizations to form around certain natural features
outward radiation of cultural patterns from a central place
tendency of wealth to concentrate in urban core areas
All of the following were crucial to the emergence of the first cities EXCEPT
an agricultural surplus
a stratified social system
labor specialization
a system for food storage and distribution
separation of the ruling system and the religious system
Prior to 1850 the location of all major North American cities was related, chiefly, to the presence of
navigable waterways
transcontinental highways
defensive sites
railroad junctions
water power
Today, most of the United States and Canadian population lives in which of the following?
Farming areas
Metropolitan areas
Rural nonfarming areas
Central cities
Small towns
Which of the following was NOT a reason for rapid suburbanization in the United States after the Second World War?
Mass production of the automobile
Expansion of home construction
Expansion of the interstate highway system
Availability of low down payment terms and long-term mortgages
Reduction in long-distance commuting
Which of the following refers to the size and functional complexity of cities?
Multiplier effect
Urban hierarchy
Basic-nonbasic ratio
Threshold ratio
The Sector model
Which of the following describes a primate city?
It is economically and politically inter-connected to other cities in the world.
It is surrounded by walls like a fortress.
It is linked by colonial administrators to an imperial power.
It is primarily concerned with its role as a religious center.
It is disproportionately large in relation to the next largest cities in that country.
Which of the following is a correct statement about the major cities of the world?
Most are found in areas that are not very suitable for agriculture.
Most primate cities are located in the United States and western Europe.
They are concentrated between the tropic of Cancer and the tropic of Capricorn.
Most are located on rivers or seacoasts.
The world's fastest-growing cities are found in areas with the highest standards of living.
International company headquarters, significant global financial functions, and a polarized social structure are defining characteristics of
primate cities
entrepôts
forward capitals
world cities
edge cities
In the new global economy, an increasing proportion of influential financial decisions are being made in
major corporate centers such as New York, London, and Tokyo
the informal sector
regional centers and small towns where fax machines are used
the field, close to the sources of agricultural production
national capitals because of the increasing importance of the nation state
Most Latin American cities are focused on a
government housing project
zone of heavy industry
central plaza
skyscraper office building
squatter settlement
According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a country has a population of 10 million, the next largest city will have a population of
9 million
8 million
7.5 million
5 million
3.5 million
All of the following are reasons for the rise of suburban development in the 1950s EXCEPT
the building of interstate highways
the G.I. Bill of Rights
better public transportation
the desire for more space
prefab construction methods
Which of the following groups would most likely engage in the gentrification of an older residential neighborhood?
University students on limited incomes
Double-income households without children
People above age sixty-five on limited incomes
Double-income households with children
Recent immigrants on limited incomes
7.2 Megacities must have at least _________ residents.
1 million
5 million
10 million
20 million
7.2 A megalopolis is...
the merging of two or more cities into one large urban area
a city with more than 10 million residents
a primate city
a city with many suburbs
7.2 Which of the following is NOT an important factor in defining a world city?
stock markets and large banks
headquarters of large international companies
centers of entertainment like movie studios, theaters,
developed highway system
7.3 ________________ is a functional region consisting of a large city and its nearby suburbs
world city
forward capital
metropolitan area
exurb
7.4 As you go higher up the urban hierarchy, you find settlements with more population and more _____________.
services
natural resources
political violence
land
7.5 One disadvantage of having a primate city is
uneven development between rural and urban areas
loss of international investment
fighting more wars with neighboring countries
sharing economic development
7.6 What is the model shown here?
planetary model
gravity model
central place model
multiple nuclei model
7.6 According to Central Place Theory, the area around a central place like a business that provides customers to that business is called what?
range
threshold
market area
location
7.7 According to Bid-Rent Theory, why are land and rent closer to the CBD usually more expensive?
cities pass laws making it more expensive
demand for land in the CBD is so high
factories surrounding the CBD drive up the price
agricultural land in the rural areas is also expensive
7.6 A commonly available product like gasoline or groceries will have ________ range.
short
long
wide
narrow
7.9 The process where banks deny loans and other financial services to residents in areas marked as "dangerous", areas that almost always contained minority communities?
redlining
segregation
white flight
squatter settlements
first urban hearth
mesoamerica
indus river valley
mesopotamia
huang he river valley
Match the following
exurbanization
--> rural
satellite city
town near big city becomes independent
city-states
urban center + nearby territory + ag 🏙
urban hearths
river valleys
social heterogeneity
population diversity
Match the following
central place
location where people go for goods
hamlet
tiny community
Match the following
hexagon
because it's the fairest shape
threshold
pop. required 4 a business to stay alive
range
how far are you willing to go 4 somethin
megacity
world's biggest cities (10 mil. people+)
world/global cities
country influence expands beyond borders
What does this image represent?
megalopolis
world/global cities
decline
social heterogeneity
In which zone of the city are land prices the highest?
CBD
Low Class Housing (Inner City)
Middle Class Housing (Suburbs)
High Class Housing (Rural-Urban Fringe)
At what scale of analysis is this census tract map?
national
regional
state
local
The (now illegal) practice called "redlining" most often affected
inner-city neighborhoods
suburban neighborhoods
This example from 2015, shows one negative effect of what geographic term?
gentrification
urbanization
unequal GDP
zoning
From largest to smallest the urban hierarchy of the following would go...
Hamlet, Village, Town, City
Mega-City, City, Suburb, Neighborhood
City, Town, Village, Hamlet
Town, City, Hamlet, Village
Which of the following is an example of a smart growth policy for urban development?
Increasing the capacity of roads/highways
Decreasing the number or size of parks/greenspace
Increasing mixed-use land policies to combat sprawl
No longer permitting industrial zoning within city limits
Galactic City Model
a city with growth INDEPENDENT of the CBD that is traditionally connected to the central city by means of an arterial highway or interstate.
A city that LACKS a centralized business district or downtown area and that has several distinct neighborhoods that all act as regional centers within one larger city
an urban land use model which talks about SPATIAL arrangement of activities in an urban area.
A description of the process of urban growth that views the city as a series of CIRCULAR areas or zones, each characterized by a different type of land use that developed from a central core.
Peripheral Model
A model of North American urban areas, consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.
Focuses on residential patterns explaining where the wealthy in a city choose to live.
based on the notion that as one region or state expands in economic prosperity, it must engulf regions nearby to ensure ongoing economic and political success.
description of the process of urban growth that views the city as a series of circular areas or zones, each characterized by a different type of land use that developed from a central core.
According to central place theory, what is range?
The distance a person will travel for goods or services.
The quality of a good or service.
The nature of a good or service relative to a community's ability to afford it.
The costs of goods and services as a result of migration.
According to Central Place Theory, what is threshold?
distance away from central place
an economic nucleus like a hospital
clusters of businesses that all support each other
minimum number of people for a good or service
Which problem does New Urbanism attempt to fix but often fails.
Reduced reliance on cars
Access to education
Mixed housing and retail neighborhoods
Cost of living
New Urbanism relies on land development that is:
reliant on larger homes to increase property values
mixed retail and residential
reliant on automobile transportation to reduce reliance on trains
focused on educational outcomes for young people living in those communities
Which of the following is a true statement about classic models (Concentric Zone, Sector Models) of city structure?
The concentric zone model does not have a transitional area.
The sector model is highly influenced by transportation patterns.
The central business district has the most dominant position in the multiple nuclei model.
The multiple nuclei model and the sector model are similar in that they both have only one core.
The interaction between the central city and the suburbs is greatest in the urban realm model.
Which of the following defines Philadelphia's advantageous position in relation to other major cities on the US East Coast along Interstate 95?
Transition Zone
Vernacular Region
Situation
Site
While gentrification can have positive effects, what is a possible negative outcome?
Gentrification generally leads to counterurbanization.
Gentrification generally leads to suburbanization.
Services do not generally reach gentrified communities.
Higher rent causes displacement of original residents
What would you expect to find in an edge city?
A lack of access to clean water
High intensity agriculture
Low range goods and services
Recently developed office an retail space
Heavy manufacturing
What is NOT a negative consequence of surburbanization?
Heavy manufacturing moving to the suburbs
Placelessness
Loss of productive farmland
Ghettoization of inner cities
Deforestation
A disproportionally high level of mega and metacities are located on which continent?
Africa
Asia
Europe
North America
South America
Settlements developed without the legal right, which are often poor and surround major cities in LDCs.
Squatter settlements
Fravelas
Platancos
Informal regions
Formal regions
Gentrification in the United States is largely the result of:
City wide anti-crime policies
Federal tax initiatives
State tax initiatives
Government planning
Private funding
Why do most megacities have problems with squatter settlements?
They've developed so quickly
They've developed regionally
They were developed around medieval city centers
Growth barriers prevent natural city expansion
In which region of the world would you find the least amount of people living in cities?
Sub-Saharan Africa
Western Europe
The Western United States
Eastern China
North Africa
What changed as a result of blockbusting in the United States?
Urban ethnic enclaves were made illegal
Redlining was outlawed
Ghettoization was stopped
The ethnic composition of neighborhoods changed
Mass transit systems, like the one in Berlin, combine above ground trains with subways, buses, and trams. Beyond reducing traffic, what is a major benefit?
Cheaper fuel for car owners
Better access to industry clusters
Lower taxes
Reducing carbon emissions
Which of the following city models is based around an old colonial port?
Multiple Nuclei Model
Hoyt Sector Model
Burgess Concentric Model
Latin American City Model
SE Asian City Model
What does the Galactic City Model depict that earlier models do not?
Suburbs
Central Business District
Transitional Areas
Exurban Areas
Industrial Areas
Why do squatter settlements exist in LDCs?
Racist housing policies
Religiously segregated communities
Old medieval city centers prevent city growth
Lack of affordable housing
African cities tend to have distinct ethnic neighborhoods. Why?
Male guest workers from Asia work in construction in African cities.
Borders in Africa were drawn arbitrarily without regard for ethnic regions.
Each ethnic group in African countries were legally allowed different neighborhoods.
Schools in most African cities only serve people of European descent. Therefore, Africans must live outside city limits.
Which of the following accurately describes the city population data in the table?
Bangkok is both a metacity and a primate city.
Hanoi is both a world city and a primate city.
Ho Chi Minh City is both a megacity and a primate city.
Hanoi is both a capital city and a primate city.
Bangkok is both a megacity and a primate city.
What is a common impact of urbanization regardless of a country’s level of economic development?
Urbanization means a loss of agricultural production due to the loss of farmland and farmworkers.
Urbanization leads to a more egalitarian society as the difference between urban and rural lifestyles is reduced.
Urbanization creates a larger cultural and economic gap between urban and rural areas.
Urbanization creates a labor force with a diversity of job skills and compensation levels.
Urbanization creates socially and economically diverse cities that have little social conflict.
Although photovoltaic solar farms appear to be a free resource with few negative impacts, there are environmental problems related to this type of renewable energy production. Which statement explains the limits to the sustainability of solar panel farms to produce electricity for a city in a more developed country?
Buildings supporting solar photovoltaic panels are not suitable for housing.
Nearby residents complain of changed air circulation patterns and low-frequency noise.
Migratory birds flying near the solar panels can be injured.
Operating costs are high and it is difficult to transmit solar power through the electrical grid.
Large amounts of land, permanently cleared of natural vegetation are needed.
Explain the concept of urban sprawl and its impact on suburban settlement patterns.
Urban sprawl is the controlled growth of urban areas into surrounding rural lands, leading to the preservation of open space and natural habitats.
Urban sprawl has no impact on suburban settlement patterns and does not affect traffic congestion or infrastructure costs.
Urban sprawl is the process of urban areas shrinking and becoming more compact, leading to a decrease in traffic congestion and infrastructure costs.
The concept of urban sprawl and its impact on suburban settlement patterns is the unrestricted growth of urban areas into surrounding rural lands, leading to the spread of development and the decline of open space. This can cause increased traffic congestion, higher infrastructure costs, and a decrease in natural habitats.
How do suburban settlement patterns differ from rural and urban settlement patterns?
Suburban settlement patterns consist mainly of agricultural land.
Suburban settlement patterns have higher population density than urban areas.
Suburban settlement patterns have a mix of residential, commercial, and industrial areas with lower population density.
Suburban settlement patterns have limited access to amenities and services.
Explain the concept of edge cities and their role in suburban settlement patterns.
Edge cities are large centers of employment and commerce that shape suburban settlement patterns by attracting businesses and residents away from the central city.
Edge cities are transportation hubs that have no influence on suburban settlement patterns.
Edge cities are historical landmarks that have no relevance to suburban settlement patterns.
Edge cities are small residential areas with no impact on suburban settlement patterns.
Which urban model includes many nodes of activity such as a university, an airport and a park?
sub-saharan African city model
concentric zone model
multiple nuclei
sector model
Explain the concept of mixed land use in urban planning and its significance.
Mixed land use helps create vibrant and sustainable communities by reducing the need for long commutes, promoting walkability, and supporting local businesses.
Mixed land use leads to increased traffic congestion and pollution
Mixed land use discourages local businesses and economic growth
Mixed land use has no impact on community sustainability
Mixed-use development, pedestrian-friendly design, and the incorporation of front porches and alleys are design elements of which of the following?
Leapfrog development
Urban growth boundaries
Zero growth
New urbanism
The photograph above shows high-density residential housing built in the early 2000s in Henderson, Nevada, a suburb of Las Vegas, developed to accommodate large increases in population in the area. Which of the following best explains the growth in population and housing shown in the image and the census data?
The impacts of deindustrialization in other Sun Belt–region cities
A cycle of rapid economic development and real estate investment
A period of immigration from southern Europe and eastern Europe
The growth brought on by resource extraction and industrialization
Blockbusting and redlining have contributed to... in American cities.
gated communities
racial segregation
public transportation
exurbanization
Prosperous residential districts beyond the suburbs are known as...
galactic cities
exurbs
suburbs
inner cities
Which urban model would best describe a city that includes edge cities along its beltways?
galactic city
sector
multiple city
Griffen-Ford
Identify this model with a traditional and a colonial CBD, an informal economy zone, and informal settlements along the periphery.
African City Model
Latin American City Model
Concentric Zone Model
Middle Eastern City Model
Match the following patterns of development outside of North American cities
Boomburbs
Suburban areas that have grown over 100K
Exurbs
Residential areas located beyond the suburbs
Edge Cities
Dominated by office and retail activity
Bedroom Community
Suburban areas primarily composed of residential homes
How can recent urban designs lead to de facto segregation?
By prioritizing affluent areas, displacing lower-income residents, and limiting access to resources for marginalized groups.
Match the following regarding examples of urban data:
Quantitative Urban Data
Statistical Data
Qualitative Urban Data
Descriptive Data
Census Tracts
Geographic Areas
Inclusionary Zoning Practices:
Solutions for food deserts include all except:
Promoting local community gardens
