WorksheetsEarly Childhood MidTerm
Total questions: 22
Worksheet time: 6hrs 30mins
Our ________ determine(s) our species and influence(s) all our unique characteristics.
genotype
phenotype
genes
karyotype
In the first few years of life, the brain is ________.
highly plastic
totally plastic
more lateralized than any other period
unable to recover from injury
Some responses, such as ________, are difficult to classically condition in young babies.
eye blinking
fear
kicking
sucking
In operant conditioning, a stimulus that increases the occurrence of a response is called ________.
a reinforcer
punishment
neutral stimulus
conditoned stimulus
In operant conditioning, ________.
a neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus that leads to a reflexive response
babies build expectations about stimulus events but do not influence the stimuli that occur
infants act, and stimuli that follow their behavior change the probability that the behavior will occur again
after a baby's nervous system makes the connection between two stimuli, the neutral stimulus produces the behavior
The term habituation refers to ________.
removing a desirable stimulus to decrease the occurrence of a response
a gradual reduction in the strength of a response due to repetitive stimulation
presenting an unpleasant stimulus to decrease the occurrence of a response
presenting a pleasant stimulus to increase the occurrence of a response
Which of these is an example of a fine-motor skill?
grasping
crawling
walking
standing
Which motor skill takes the longest to develop?
building a tower
crawling
walking on tiptoe
rolling from side to side
The current Western practice of ________ delays gross-motor milestones of rolling, sitting, and crawling.
exposing infants to "tummy time"
using rear-facing car seats
putting babies in bouncing activity centers
having babies sleep on their backs
The newborn's grasp reflex is first replaced by ________.
prereaching
the ulnar grasp
reaching
the pincer grasp
Research suggests that there is a sensitive period, ________, when babies are biologically prepared to "zero in" on socially meaningful perceptual distinctions.
from birth to three months
in the first half of the first year
in the second half of the first year
during the second year of life
For exploring the environment, humans depend on ________ more than any other sense.
touch
hearing
vision
taste
Newborn Farouk will probably look longer at ________ human and animal faces than ________ ones.
upside-down; upright
unattractive; attractive
attractive; unattractive
sideways; upright
Piaget believed that infants and toddlers ________.
carry out many activities inside their heads
"think" with their eyes, ears, and hands
assimilate more than they accommodate
are incapable of constructing schemes
Which word is most likely to be among an English-speaking toddler's first 10 words?
ball
hug
vase
lamp
________ occurs when neurons that are seldom stimulated lose their connective fibers.
lateralization
synaptic pruning
cerebral dominance
coritcal overproduction
Four-year-old Erin is a picky eater. How can Erin's parents encourage her to eat a new food?
Reward her with dessert if she eats the new food.
Repeatedly expose her to the new food without any direct pressure to eat it.
Add salt or sugar to the new food to increase her willingness to eat it.
Make her stay at the table until she takes a few bites of the new food.
Piaget called children's self-directed utterances ________ speech, reflecting his belief that young children have difficulty taking the perspectives of others.
inner
egocentric
private
collaboartive
According to Vygotsky, children's learning takes place ________.
primarily through acting on the environment
within the zone of proximal development
through reinforcement and punishment
through independent activity
Over spring break, Prachi goes to Disney World with her family. When she returns to school, Prachi excitedly tells her teacher about the trip. Prachi's representation of this personally meaningful, one-time event is an example of ________.
a script
metacognition
false belief
autobiographical memory
Four-year-old Dorrit "reads" familiar signs, but does not yet understand the symbolic function of the elements of print. Dorrit's parents expose her to books, calendars, magazines, lists, and signs. Dorrit's active efforts to understand written language through her informal experiences are called ________.
phonological speech
private speech
interactive reading
emergent literacy
Compared with their English-speaking agemates, children learning Chinese, Japanese, and Korean acquire ________ especially quickly.
nouns
adjectives
verbs
language
