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HHB 1.2 DNA Structure & Replication

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A DNA nucleotide consists of the following...?
a)
Deoxyribose sugar, base, phosphate
b)
Deoxyribose sugar, base, phosphatase
c)
Ribose sugar, base, phosphate
d)
Ribose sugar, base, phosphatase
2.

From the diagram of a nucleotide, identify the deoxyribose sugar

A
B
C
3.

From the diagram of a nucleotide, identify the deoxyribose sugar

A
B
C
4.

From the diagram of a nucleotide, identify the deoxyribose sugar

A
B
C
5.
In DNA the complementary base pairs are...?
a)
A-C and G-T
b)
A-G and C-U
c)
A-U and C-G
d)
A-T and C-G
6.
The type of bonds that hold the base pairs of the 2 DNA strands together are?
a)
Strong
b)
Hydrogen
c)
Covalent
d)
Ionic
7.
The 2 Strands that make up a DNA molecule are?
a)
anti-parallel
b)
parallel
8.
What substance is found at the 5' end of the DNA molecule?
a)
Deoxyribose sugar
b)
Phosphate
c)
Ribose sugar
d)
Base
9.
What substance is found at the 3' end of the DNA molecule?
a)
Deoxyribose sugar
b)
Phosphate
c)
Ribose sugar
d)
Base
10.
When DNA makes an exact copy of itself this is known as...?
a)
Translation
b)
DNA profiling
c)
DNA replication
d)
Transcription
11.
Which enzyme joins nucleotides to exposed bases on the DNA template in DNA replication ?
a)
RNA polymerase
b)
DNA polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Amylase
12.
What is the short sequence of nucleotides needed by DNA polymerase to start replication called?
a)
template strand
b)
ligase
c)
primer
d)
okazaki fragment
13.
In DNA replication what enzyme joins the fragments together forming a new DNA strand?
a)
DNA polymerase
b)
RNA polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Amylase
14.
In DNA replication the lagging strand is replicated...?
a)
continuously
b)
in fragments
15.
What materials are required for DNA replication?
a)
ATP
b)
Primer
c)
Enzymes
d)
All of the above
16.
What is part 1?
a)
ribose sugar
b)
deoxyribose sugar
c)
phosphate group
d)
base
17.
What is part 2?
a)
deoxyribose sugar
b)
base
c)
ribose sugar
d)
phosphate group
18.
Identify what bases 3, 4 and 5 are?
a)
3 = Guanine 4 = Cytosine and 5 = Thymine
b)
3 = Guanine 4 = Guanine and 5 = Adenine
c)
3 = Guanine 4 = Cytosine and 5 = Uracil
d)
3 = Guanine 4 = Cytosine and 5 = Adenine
19.
In a DNA molecule of 4000 bases what is the % of Guanine bases if there are 1200 Adenine bases?
a)
800
b)
30
c)
16
d)
20
20.
In PCR why is the DNA heated?
a)
To separate the DNA strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds
b)
To allow the primers to bind
c)
To allow the DNA polymerase to work
d)
To allow nucleotides to be joined
21.
PCR is used to make a single copy of DNA
a)
True
b)
False
22.
In PCR the DNA polymerase that is used has a low optimum temperature
a)
True
b)
False
23.
PCR is very useful for which of the following?
a)
solving crimes
b)
paternity testing
c)
identifying bodies
d)
all of the above
24.
After an initial temperature increase in PCR the temperature is then decreased. Why?
a)
so primers can attach
b)
so DNA polymerase can work
c)
so the DNA can unwind
d)
so the fragments can be joined
25.
PCR is the abbreviation for...?
a)
Polymer codon reaction
b)
Polymerase chain reaction
c)
Polymerase codon reaction
d)
Polymer chain reaction
26.
PCR is used for ...?
a)
amplifying specific DNA sequences
b)
producing billions of copies of a specific sequence of DNA.
c)
forensic identification procedures
d)
all of above
27.
In the first stage of PCR the following occurs...
a)
DNA is cooled to enable primers to bind
b)
Heat-tolerant DNA polymerase replicates the DNA
c)
DNA is heated to separate strands
28.
In the second stage of PCR the following occurs...
a)
DNA is heated to separate strands
b)
Heat-tolerant DNA polymerase replicates the DNA
c)
DNA is cooled to enable primers to bind
29.
In the third stage of PCR the following occurs...
a)
DNA is heated to separate strands
b)
Heat-tolerant DNA polymerase replicates the DNA
c)
DNA is cooled to allow primers to bind
30.

Reorder the stages of PCR

a)

DNA is heated to separate the strands

b)

DNA is cooled to allow Primers to bind

c)

Heat-Tolerant DNA Polymerase replicates the region of DNA

d)

Two identical copies of the original DNA sequence are formed

1)
2)
3)
4)
31.
Identifying an individual from their DNA sequence is known as...?
a)
Fluorescent labelling
b)
DNA profiling
c)
PCR
d)
Personalised medicine
32.
Which suspects DNA profile matches the crime scene evidence?
a)
Suspect 1
b)
Suspect 2
c)
Suspect 3
33.

An individual strand of DNA is held together by a strong chemical bond between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar on another nucleotide. What is this known as?

a)

base - phosphate backbone

b)

deoxyribose - phosphate backbone

c)

phosphate - sugar backbone

d)

sugar - phosphate backbone

34.

What term describes the fact that one strand of DNA goes from 5’ to 3’ and the opposite strand goes from 3’ to 5’?

a)

Complementary

b)

Opposite

c)

Parallel

d)

Antiparallel

35.

When does DNA replication take place?

a)

After cell division

b)

Prior to cell division

36.

What does DNA polymerase need to start replication?

a)

High temperature

b)

Ligase

c)

Enzymes

d)

Primers

37.

When a primer binds to the 3’ end of the template DNA strand it allows DNA polymerase to add DNA ...............................

a)
nucleotides
b)

amino acids

c)

peptides

d)

proteins

38.

DNA polymerase adds DNA nucleotides using complementary base pairing to which end of the new DNA strand which is forming?

a)

the 3' end

b)

the 5' end

39.

During DNA replication, DNA is unwound and hydrogen bonds between bases are broken to form two ..................... strands.

a)

model

b)

template

c)

unique

d)

different

40.

What is the difference regarding how the leading and lagging strands are replicated?

a)

lagging strand is replicated continuously and the leading strand is replicated in fragments.

b)

leading strand is replicated continuously and the lagging strand is replicated in fragments.

41.

In PCR, what are primers?

a)

short strands of nucleotides which are complementary to specific target sequences at one end of the region of DNA to be amplified.

b)

long strands of nucleotides which are complementary to specific target sequences at the two ends of the region of DNA to be amplified.

c)

short strands of nucleotides which are complementary to specific target sequences at the two ends of the region of DNA to be amplified.

42.

In PCR repeated cycles of heating and ....................... amplify the target region of DNA.

a)
cooling
b)

stretching

c)

minimising

d)

freezing

43.

What temperature is DNA heated to to separate the strands?

a)

between 90°C and 96°C

b)

between 82°C and 88°C

c)

between 72°C and 78°C

d)

between 92°C and 98°C

44.

What temperature is DNA cooled to to allow primers to bind to target sequences?

a)

between 50°C and 65°C

b)

between 55°C and 65°C

c)

between 60°C and 65°C

d)

between 45°C and 65°C

45.

What temperature is DNA heated to to allow heat-tolerant DNA polymerase to replicate the region of DNA.

a)

between 80°C and 90°C

b)

between 75°C and 80°C

c)

between 70°C and 80°C

d)

between 80°C and 95°C

46.
DNA replication always occurs in this direction:
a)
5' --> 3'
b)
3' --> 5'
c)
either direction
47.

Technique used in a laboratory to separate mixtures of DNA or Proteins according to their molecular size.

a)

Gel electrophoresis

b)

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

c)

Using a Colorimeter

d)

PGD

48.

Label the diagram

a)Hydrogen Bond
b)Phosphate
c)Deoxyribose Sugar
d)Complementary Base Pair
e)Strong Chemical Bond
1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
49.

Label the diagram

a)5'
b)3'
1
2
1)
2)
50.

The diagram shows DNA replication taking place, identify the Leading and Lagging Strands.

a)Leading Strand
b)Lagging Strand
1
2
1)
2)

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