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Worksheets1750-1900
Total questions: 86
Worksheet time: 47mins
The First Industrial Revolution (1780 - 1830) centered on the production of...
Textiles
Chemicals
Oil
Steel
This image is from Pendelton's catalog of women's clothing (Boston, 1820s). Which effect of the Industrial Revolution does it best illustrate?
Working class women worked in factories and retained the domestic role
Hand-made textiles continued to be important luxury items
Rising importance of shopping as a part of middle class identity
Feminist movements fought for more educational opportunities for women
This is a cartoon from Punch, a satirical magazine in England, 1852.
What was the most direct CAUSE of the situation depicted here?
Mechanization of labor in industrial factories
Mass migration of people from rural to urban areas
Movements to improve living conditions for the working class
Britain's dependence on India as a source of textiles
The mechanization of labor (using machines to make things) allowed people to produce goods...
Of higher quality than ever before
At all times of day
With the help of horses, mules, etc.
Faster, cheaper, and in greater volumes
Capitalists and socialists fundamentally disagree on...
Whether or not industrialization is a good thing
The role of the state in the economy
Systems of agricultural production
How cheap consumer goods should be
Which of the following was NOT a major effect of the Industrial Revolution?
Massive shift of agricultural laborers to factory work
Expansion of a new educated middle class
Further decline in the role of inherited nobility
Uniting family members through home-based work
Before industrialization, the vast majority of people in all societies worked as...
Farmers
Merchants
Slaves
Artisans
Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the birth of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain?
Coal and iron deposits
Constitutional monarchy
High agricultural production
Access to American resources
One reason China was not the birthplace of industrialization was that China did NOT have...
Urban centers and high population
Products other societies desired
Rivers and canals for transport
Motivation to get a bigger role in world trade
Under the industrial factory system, labor became...
More centralized in one location
Less divided up and specialized
More demanding of skill and training
Limited to men only
Which of the following did the spread of industrial capitalism NOT result in?
Cheaper goods
More inequality of wealth
Higher wages for workers
Increased standard of living
After being forcibly opened up to American and European influences, what country's Meiji government instituted internal reforms that supported industrialization?
Germany
China
Ottoman Empire
Japan
Which of the following movements involved philosophies that applied rational & empiricist approaches to human relationships and supported the principal that individuals have natural rights?
Industrial Revolution
Renaissance
Enlightenment
Reformation
In the 19th century, which countries dramatically increased their share of global manufacturing due to rapid development of steam-powered industrial production?
European countries and the U.S.
Asian countries and Mexico
African countries and India
Latin American countries and Egypt
Similar to the Ottoman Empire's Tanzimat reforms, the Qing dynasty promoted modernizing reforms with the
Great Leap Forward.
self-strengthening movement.
Boxer Rebellion.
Meiji Restoration.
What country's continued use of traditional methods to produce cotton textiles, iron, and ships resulted in the decline of its global share of manufacturing?
Germany
Russia
India
Canada
Which of the following contributed to the unification of fragmented regions like Italy and Germany in the 19th century?
Socialism
Fascism
Liberalism
Nationalism
What environmental factors contributed to early industrialization in Great Britain/Northwestern Europe?
Abundance of oil & natural gas and possession of cotton-producing colonies in North America
Monarchical government and economic policies that promoted mercantilism
Abundance of coal & iron ore and access to waterways that integrated economic activities in regional & national markets
Republican government and economic policies that promoted socialist ideology
Each of the following reform movements was influenced by the Enlightenment EXCEPT
the movement to abolish slavery
the movement for women's suffrage
the movement to abolish serfdom
the movement to abolish private property
What author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman contributed to the development of an emergent feminist movement?
Margaret Cavendish
Mary Wortley Montagu
Mary Wollstonecraft
J.S. Mill
What individual's ideas were associated with free markets and free trade policies?
John Locke
Adam Smith
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
John Maynard Keynes
What was a common cause of revolutions in the 18th and 19th centuries?
Advancements in military technology
Opposition to religious pluralism
Socialist ideals
Discontent with monarchist and imperial rule
Which of the following were associated with the "second industrial revolution" after 1850?
Steel, chemicals, electricity
Wool textiles, iron, canals
Nuclear power, rockets, and satellites
Silk textiles, porcelain, and gunpowder
The term proletariat refers to
rural peasants.
the new industrial middle class.
slaves in the tropical Americas.
the new industrial working class.
What individual's socialist and communist ideas asserted an alternative vision of society in response to the negative effects of industrialization?
Adam Smith
John Stuart Mill
Karl Marx
John Locke
The United Fruit Company and HSBC are best characterized as
anti-imperialist organizations that operated in Latin America and Asia.
European and American companies that promoted industrialization in new regions around the world.
large-scale transnational businesses that benefited from global capitalism and new financial instruments.
joint-stock companies that received royal charters.
Which of the following influenced the American Revolution, Latin American revolutions, and French Revolution?
Ideals of democracy and the Enlightenment
Ideals of socialism and communism
Ideals of national socialism and fascism
Ideals of humanism and the Renaissance
During the Industrial Revolution, coal and oil became important because of the
diminishing supplies of natural gas.
ongoing energy crisis concerning solar power.
development of machines that used fossil fuels.
success of African independence movements.
In the late 19th century, the governments of Russia and Japan implemented policies to promote
democratic reforms.
large-scale transnational businesses.
women's rights.
state-sponsored visions of industrialization.
Which of the following best explains why urbanization occurred in some states during the 18th and 19th centuries?
Diffusion of Enlightenment ideas raised questioned about traditional rural life.
Adoption of protectionist policies encouraged internal migrations.
The abolition of slavery made plantation agriculture less profitable.
Increases in agricultural productivity freed up laborers to migrate to cities.
In response to the challenges of industrialization, European governments promoted all of the following EXCEPT
social welfare programs
urban redesign
communal land-sharing programs
public health reforms
What modes of transportation associated with the Industrial Revolution increased trade and migration?
Caravels & carracks
Horse-drawn wagons & carriages
Railroads & steamships
Camel saddles & caravans
Which of the following revolutions was most directly inspired by the American Revolution?
Haitian Revolution
Russian Revolution
Chinese Revolution
Cuban Revolution
What method of production associated with the Industrial Revolution resulted in increasingly specialized labor?
Domestic system
Factory system
Encomienda system
Mit'a system
In an attempt to gain higher wages and better working conditions, workers in the 19th century
organized with labor unions.
participated in communist revolution.
joined conservative political movements.
engaged in industrial sabotage.
In 19th-century industrial society, women of the middle class were increasingly
forced to work in factories and mines.
powerful due to greater political representation.
impoverished and subject to declining standards of living.
limited to roles in the household.
All of the following contributed to the rise of industrialization in western Europe and North America during the nineteenth century EXCEPT
geographic distribution of coal and iron
legal protection of private property
improved agricultural productivity
increased rights for laborers
One important similarity between the American Revolution and the French Revolution is that they both
challenged monarchical governments
resulted in the abolition of slavery
resulted in the abolition of class divisions in society
enabled women to achieve political equality with men
The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain was most influenced by which of the following factors?
The amount and location of British petroleum reserves
The location and large number of British coal deposits
The aggressive promotion of industrialization by George III
The spread of cotton cultivation in southern England
“Liberty and justice consist of restoring all that belongs to others; thus, the only limits on the exercise of the natural rights of woman are perpetual male tyranny; these limits are to be reformed by the laws of nature and reason.”
- Olympe de Gouges, French feminist, Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen, 1791
The passage above is an example of which of the following processes occurring in the eighteenth century?
The emergence of nationalism
The formation of separatist movements
The application of Enlightenment ideas
The growth of empirical science
Which of the following was the key factor in the start of Latin American independence?
Slave uprisings
Creole grievances about their lack of political authority
The end of the Napoleonic Wars
Enlightenment ideas about religious tolerance
Which of the following factors contributed most to the increase of world population in the period 1750 to 1900 C.E.?
A decline in the frequency and deadliness of warfare
Improvements in agricultural productivity and food distribution
Improvements in rural health care
A rapid increase in birth rates throughout the globe
In the period from 1750 to 1850, which of the following political ideologies was gaining increasing influence in Western Europe and parts of the Atlantic world?
Liberalism
Absolutism
Fascism
Communism
“At school the teachers say it is our patriotic duty to stop using foreign words. I didn’t know what they meant by this at first, but now I see it—you must no longer say ‘adieu’ [‘farewell’] because that is French. It is in order to say ‘lebwohl’ [‘farewell’ in German] instead. We also have bought a little tin box in which we’ll put some small change every time we slip up and use a foreign word. The contents of this little war savings box will go towards buying knitting wool. We must now knit woollen things for the soldiers.”
- Diary of a twelve-year-old German girl, August 1914
The passage above best exemplifies which of the following processes shortly after the outbreak of the First World War?
The increasingly authoritarian methods used by European teachers
The strengthening of nationalist sentiment throughout Europe
The emergence of a pan-European antiwar movement
The key role European women played in sustaining the war effort
The North and South American independence movements of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shared which of the following?
Revolutionary demands based on Enlightenment political ideas
Reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary demands
Industrial economies that permitted both areas to break free of European control
Political instability caused by constant warfare among the new states
In contrast to initial industrialization, the second Industrial Revolution in the last half of the nineteenth century was particularly associated with the mass production of which of the following?
Textiles, iron, and coal
Textiles, automobiles, and plastics
Airplanes, ships, and radios
Electricity, steel, and chemicals
Which revolution most directly addressed the unequal distribution of economic opportunity and resources?
Haitian
American
Brazilian
Mexican
Which of the following was a major reason for the decline in India’s share of the global manufacture of cotton textiles by the end of the nineteenth century?
Climate change that significantly altered the growing season
Disruption of production from disputes with labor unions
Competition from industrially produced British textiles
Religious opposition to capitalist modes of production
Which of the following best supports the view of some world historians that the eighteenth century marked a major turning point in world history?
The beginning of Europeans colonization of Africa
The beginning of the Wahhabi movement of Islamic renewal in Arabia
The beginning of European colonization of Australia and New Zealand
The beginning of the Industrial Revolution on England
Most world historians would agree that the key to European predominance in the world economy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was
the Industrial Revolution
European medical technology
Spanish control of New World silver
the Enlightenment
A historian researching factors that contributed to the rise of industrial production in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries would find which of the following types of sources most helpful?
Records of labor and trade union meetings
A tally of political speeches in favor of versus those opposed to colonial expansion
Data on migration of rural populations to urban areas
Data on prices of luxury goods
Which of the following is a significant result of the late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century revolutions in both Europe and the Americas?
The theory of divine right monarchy dominated intellectual discourse in both Europe and the Americas.
People throughout Europe and the Americas rejected the concept of popular sovereignty.
Nation-states emerged as the principal form of political organization in both Europe and the Americas.
Philosophical liberalism as a force in political life declined throughout Europe and the Americas.
The United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen reflect a shared concern for
physical elimination of the ruling class
confiscation of church property
protection of private property
preservation of the monarchy
“Americans . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society as mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, or to store products that are royal monopolies, or to establish factories of a type the Peninsula itself does not possess. To this, add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity . . . in short, do you wish to know what our future held?–simply the cultivation of the fields of indigo, grain, coffee, sugarcane, cacao, and cotton; cattle raising on the broad plains; hunting wild game in the jungles; digging in the earth to mine its gold.”
Simón Bolívar, “Jamaica Letter,” 1815
Bolívar was describing the effects of which of the following economic policies?
Feudalism
Mercantilism
Capitalism
Socialism
Which of the following best describes how nineteenth-century European industrialization affected European women’s lives?
By the end of the century, new social welfare legislation made it possible for most women to earn university degrees.
Married women found it increasingly difficult to balance wage work and family responsibilities.
By the end of the century, women gained the right to vote in most European countries.
Women came to dominate the agricultural workforce as men moved to cities to take industrial jobs.
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, some governments responded to the growing popularity of revolutionary ideas such as the ones expressed in the Communist Manifesto by doing which of the following?
Increasing the number of financial instruments available to help expand transnational businesses
Expanding colonial territories and increasing industrial production
Passing reforms designed to improve the conditions of industrial workers
Opening large sectors of the economy to foreign direct investment
Which of the following best explains the general increase in the living standards of industrial workers between 1800 and 1914 ?
Deficit-spending policies by governments in major industrial states
The implementation of strong protective tariffs
The increased supply of inexpensive consumer goods
Implementation of utopian socialist ideas in the organization of factory labor
Japan’s industrialization during the Meiji period and the Russia’s industrialization during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century had which of the following characteristics in common?
Industrialization in both countries was achieved largely through state direction rather than through private initiative.
Both governments aimed to maintain women’s inferior status while continuing to work on making economic progress.
Foreign investment capital financed both industrialization programs.
The working classes of both countries began to rebel against poor working conditions and to join political parties.
“Nobody has one exclusive sphere of activity but each can become accomplished in any branch he wishes, society regulates the general production and thus makes it possible for me to do one thing today and another tomorrow, to hunt in the morning, fish in the afternoon, raise cattle in the evening, [and] criticize after dinner.”
Karl Marx, German philosopher, describing his view of life in a communist society, 1846
Marx’s statement in the passage above is best understood in the context of which of the following responses to the development and spread of global capitalism in the nineteenth century?
A movement to gain higher wages and shorter hours for workers
A movement to articulate an alternative vision of society
A movement to convince workers that global capitalism would ultimately benefit them
A movement to celebrate the productive capacity of global capitalism
The policies of the Meiji reformers brought about which of the following in Japan?
The collapse of the industrial sector of the economy
An increase in isolationism among government leaders
A reduction in military expenditures
The promotion of rapid industrialization
Which of the following was the primary Ottoman response to territorial losses in the nineteenth century?
Attempts to convert the empire’s non-Muslim population to Islam
Efforts to transform the empire into a parliamentary democracy
Attempts to reconcile Islamic law with Marxist ideals
Efforts to reform the government despite considerable internal opposition
“And God gave unto the Polish kings and knights freedom, that all might be brothers, both the richest and the poorest. The king and the men of knightly rank received into their brotherhood still more people…. And the number of brothers became as great as a nation, and in no nation were there so many people free and calling each other brothers as in Poland.”
Adam Mickiewicz, poem, 1832, about Polish uprisings against Russia in 1830 and 1831
The passage above best reflects which of the following?
Marxist critiques of unequal distribution of wealth
Discontent with government bureaucracy
Development of nationalism
Criticism of religion’s role in public life
Which of the following was the main factor leading to the fall of Japan’s Tokugawa shogunate and the rise of the Meiji government?
Pressure from an increasingly powerful China
Large-scale radical peasant rebellion
Economic instability and hyperinflation
Pressure from Western powers
“The [Qing] government sponsored a number of projects designed to bolster the navy. The idea was to adopt Western technology but not the values and philosophies that produced it—China would learn from the West, equal it, and then surpass it.”
Haiwang Yuan, editor, historian, This is China: The First 5,000 Years, 2010
The philosophy behind the late-nineteenth-century Chinese policy mentioned above was part of which of the following?
The increase in millenarian movements in the nineteenth century
The Chinese government’s embrace of procolonial policies
The Chinese government’s attempt to reform the economy through self-strengthening
The increasing popularity of Communist thought in China
“Eight hours’ daily labour is enough for any human being, and under proper arrangements sufficient to afford an ample supply of food, raiment and shelter, or the necessaries and comforts of life, and for the remainder of his time, every person is entitled to education, recreation and sleep.”
Robert Owen, British factory owner and reformer, 1833
The excerpt above emphasizes which of the following solutions to the exploitation of industrial laborers?
Radical changes to the socioeconomic structure of Europe
Abolition of the factory system and industrial wage labor
Free food, housing, and other necessities for factory workers
Sufficient wages for factory workers to live full, comfortable lives
Which country had the largest sphere of influence in Latin America during the Age of Imperialism?
United States
Spain
Mexico
England
Select ALL of the following tactics used in the Scramble for Africa.
Racially segregated concentration camps
European diplomacy through the Berlin Conference
Militarization of European troops
Equal opportunity trading alliances with local leaders
The economic system that prevailed from c. 1750-1900 was
Capitalism
Communism
Socialism
Mercantilism
What caused the Taiping and Boxer rebellions?
Foreign economic involvement in China
British selling opium to China
Indians refusing to touch the gunpowder pouches
Americans moving into West North America
What was Japan's response to foreign interference in the nineteenth century?
Adapt to Western politics and culture (Meiji Restoration)
Isolate themselves further by resisting and fighting
Became allies with the Chinese to become the dominant power in the region
Adapt to the ideas of the islanders and tribal people to resist
Which was a state regulation of immigration during the nineteenth century?
Chinese Exclusion Acts
Congo Free State
White New Zealand Policy
Jim Crow Laws
Which of the following was the primary reason that immigrants created ethnic enclaves?
Support and safety
Refusal to assimilate
Difficulty finding work
Segregation by the government
Which of the following descriptions is an accurate change over time in the period c. 1750-1900?
Once the leader in scientific and economic development, China fell behind Europe
Once the leading producer of porcelain, China fell behind India
Once a country that maintained an isolationist policy, China participated in the Scramble of Africa
Once a country that actively sought foreign converts to Buddhism, China became an atheist state
Which of the following resulted in colonies due to the Age of Imperialism?
A sense of independent nationalism
Planned invasions of European powers
Women's suffrage
A hesitation to industrialize
Why, in the time period c. 1750-1900, did European states fight to acquire overseas colonies?
To acquire raw materials to fuel their industrialization
To spread Enlightenment ideas
To abolish slavery worldwide
To stop the spread of Islam throughout the world
Who had to take on new societal roles as men left to find work in other countries?
Women
Eldest children
Grandparents
Uncles
Why did anti-colonial movements struggle to overthrow the imperial rule?
Social divisions
Less technological advancement
Loss of culture
Syncretism of religions
How were people able to migrate cheaper and faster?
New more affordable methods of transportation
Horses became more affordable for the common people
The elite paid for the lower class to migrate out of their country
Free trade policies made people wealthy in the countries
Which company took over other European states colonies in India?
British East India Company
British West India Company
Dutch East India Company
French East India Company
Why did European powers turn to indentured servants for labor?
The abolition of the slave trade
The shift in control in India to the British
The growth of industrialization in China
The success of the Atlantic revolutions
What did imperial powers sometimes try to impose on the natives they controlled?
European national identity
Resource native to Europe
Marxist ideas from Germany
European social hierarchy
In the time period c. 1750-1900, where did migrant workers typically seek work?
Industrial cities
Tropical plantations
Small grain farms
Uncharted territory, such as the Great Plains
What was a negative effect of migrants moving to new societies looking for work?
They would receive prejudice and racism from the people
They would lose their culture because of enclaves
They would return to their home societies after saving enough money
They would loss their connections to their home societies
Why did European powers divide Africa by diplomatic agreements between each other?
Fear of going to war because of fierce competition
Rapid population increase in European colonies in Asia
Atlantic revolutions lead Europeans states to seek new troops
Creation of transnational business fostered exchange of raw materials
Select all of the accurate pairings of imperialism in Southeast Asia.
Netherlands: Dutch East Indies
France: Indochina
Great Britain: Philippines
United States: Malaya
Select all of the accurate migration patterns in the time period c. 1750-1900.
*Migration group: reason, destination
British: prisoners, to Australia
Indian: indentured servants, to the Caribbean
Japanese: voluntary laborers, to South America
West Africans: slaves, to North America
Irish: plagued by famine, to Germany
