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Types of evolution

Total questions: 224

Worksheet time: 4hrs 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What event is considered the earliest example of ecology at work?

a)

The Cambrian Explosion

b)

The Permian-Triassic Extinction Event

c)

The rise of oxygen in the atmosphere due to cyanobacteria

d)

The evolution of eukaryotes

2.

What is the primary process by which the first oxygen in the atmosphere was produced?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Endosymbiosis

c)

Volcanic activity

d)

Methane release from the sea floor

3.

What is the term used to describe the first appearance of life on Earth?

a)

Abiogenesis

b)

Biogenesis

c)

Evolution

d)

Adaptation

4.

What is the primary process by which the first nitrogen in the atmosphere was produced?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Endosymbiosis

c)

Volcanic activity

d)

Nitrogen fixation by bacteria

5.

How does oxygen allow for larger organism?

a)

O2 mixes with our cells to create energy.

b)

N2 mixes with our cells to create energy.

c)

O2 mixes with our blood to create larger blood cells.

d)

H2 mixes with our cells to create energy.

6.

How much oxygen does one tree in the Amazon rainforest produce?

a)

Enough to support all of Brazil.

b)

Enough to support all of the people on Earth.

c)

Enough to support 2 people.

d)

Enough to support 1 million people.

7.

Why doesn't the oxygen leave the Amazon rainforest?

a)
The oxygen doesn't leave the Amazon rainforest because it is absorbed by the soil.
b)
The oxygen doesn't leave the Amazon rainforest because it is trapped by the dense vegetation.
c)
The oxygen doesn't leave the Amazon rainforest because it is used by the plants and animals living there.
d)
The oxygen doesn't leave the Amazon rainforest because it is used up by the rivers and water bodies.
8.

What is being sucked up from the Amazon rainforest floor?

a)
Animals and insects
b)
Nutrients and water
c)
Rocks and minerals
d)
Sunlight and air
9.

What is the secret to Earth's supply of oxygen?

a)

Diatoms

b)
Burning fossil fuels
c)
Deforestation
d)
Volcanic eruptions
10.

How does the diatom population change daily?

a)
The diatom population changes daily due to the phases of the moon
b)
The diatom population changes daily due to the migration of birds
c)
The diatom population changes daily due to the stock market fluctuations
d)
The diatom population changes daily due to factors such as nutrient availability, temperature, and light levels.
11.

What is hypoxia?

a)
A condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply
b)
A condition in which the body is dehydrated
c)
A condition in which the body has too much oxygen
d)
A condition in which the body has an excess of carbon dioxide
12.

Match the following images to the correct answer:

a)

1.

Acidophiles (acid loving bacteria)

b)

2.

Marine Snow (dead diatoms)

c)

3.

Early Earth (with too much O2)

d)

4.

Amazon Rainforest

e)

5.

Diatoms

13.

What is rust formed by?

a)

water, iron, and oxygen

b)

carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen

c)

water, oxygen, and bacteria

14.

Rocks containing layers of iron oxide formed before oxygen was released into the atmosphere by living things.

a)

true

b)

false

15.

The oxygen that entered Earth's atmosphere was produced by

a)

clouds

b)

plants

c)

cyanobacteria

16.

Stromatolites are piles of cyanobacteria that have been secreting a lime substance and hardening over time so that they resemble rocks?

a)

true

b)

false

17.

Iron oxide is also known as rust?

a)

true

b)

false

18.

an organism that grows without air, or requires oxygen-free conditions to live.

a)

Anaerobes

b)

aerobes

19.

a microorganism that grows in the presence of air or requires oxygen for growth.

a)

anaerobes

b)

aerobes

20.

Single-celled organisms without a nucleus are called a

a)

prokaryote

b)

eukaryote

21.

an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus.

a)

prokaryote

b)

eukaryote

22.

Oxidation is the process where a substance combines with oxygen.

a)

true

b)

false

23.

What best describes the term succession?

a)

rapid changes that create an ecosystem overnight

b)

gradual changes over time to fully create or restore and ecosystem

c)

forest with the tallest trees

d)

the rate species produce offspring

24.

Which of the following best describes primary succession?

a)

Volcano wipes out ecosystem that gradually grows back from ash covered soil

b)

Volcano creates a new island of rock that must break down to form an ecosystem

c)

Forest fire burns down forest that must bounce back over time

d)

Tornado destroys a crop that must slowly grow back over time.

25.
succession that occurs in an area where soil is already present
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
26.

Breaking News! A new island has formed off of Hawaii! What must occur for it to become an ecosystem?

a)

Secondary Succession

b)

Aquatic succession

c)

Primary Succession

d)

Ferns must grow

27.
The picture shows what type of succession?
a)
primary
b)
secondary
c)
tertiary
d)
quadanary
28.

Which would result in primary succession?

a)

volcano destroying habitat leaving only soil and ash

b)

Tornado destroying a crop leaving very little soil

c)

Glacier retreating exposing bare rock

d)

limiting factors

29.

Primary succession occurs in areas with:

a)

very little soil

b)

lots of soil

c)

no soil

d)

soil that has been disturbed

30.

An example of typical pioneer species, that is one that appears in the earliest stages of ecological succession is:

a)

Oak Trees

b)

Spiders

c)

Weeds

d)

Small Conifer Trees

31.
Natural disasters such as flooding and tornadoes are linked to ________________.
a)
primary
b)
secondary
c)
old field
d)
ecosystem
32.

How do pioneer species compare in primary and secondary succession?

a)

primary starts with grass and weeds, secondary starts with mosses

b)

primary starts with forest fire, secondary starts with volcano

c)

primary starts with a volcano, secondary starts with a forest fire

d)

Lichens and moss in primary, and grasses/ ferns in secondary

33.
ends in a climax community
a)
primary succession 
b)
secondary succession
c)
both types of succession
34.

What is coevolution?

a)

The study of prehistoric life.

b)

The study of the structures of organisms.

c)

When two or more species affect each other's evolution through the process of natural selection.

d)

Over generations, organisms evolve a variety of characteristics that allow them to survive in different environments.

35.

What is gene mutation?

a)

Favorable traits chosen

b)

Alteration of DNA that could be helpful or harmful.

(could cause evolution)

c)

Movement of genes into and out of a population

d)

An elimination of a species after a change in their DNA.

36.

Which of the following means "genetic changes in a species over time"

a)

natural selection

b)

speciation

c)

evolution

d)

fitness

37.

Occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution

a)

macroevolution

b)

microevolution

c)

coevolution

d)

parallel evolution

38.
A relationship between two species where one benefits while the other is harmed.
a)
Mutualism
b)
Commensalism
c)
Parasitism
d)
Naturalism
39.
A frog eats a fly. The frog and fly are demonstrating ________.
a)
mutualism
b)
competition
c)
predator/prey
d)
parasitism
40.
A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unharmed
a)
Mutualism 
b)
Competition
c)
Parasitsm 
d)
Commensalism 
41.
A relationship in which two species live closely together.
a)
resource
b)
mutualism
c)
succession
d)
symbiosis
42.
an organism that kills and eats all or part of another organism
a)
coevolution
b)
predator
c)
prey
d)
parasite
43.

The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind

a)

limestone

b)

abrasion

c)

climate

d)

dissolving

44.

The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes

a)

chemical weathering

b)

mechanical weathering

c)

frost wedging

d)

rusting

45.

Chemical weathering of minerals into clay.

a)

sandstone

b)

shale

c)

frost wedging

d)

clay formation

46.

The average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time.

a)

rusting

b)

sediments

c)

erosion

d)

climate

47.

a physical change in which particles of a substance are separated by water particles.

a)

dissolving

b)

rusting

c)

sandstone

d)

weathering

48.

The mechanical breakup of rock caused by the expansion of freezing water in cracks and crevices.

a)

chemical weathering

b)

erostion

c)

fusion

d)

frost wedging

49.

A usually light-colored rock that is found in continental crust

a)

shale

b)

sandstone

c)

granite

d)

limestone

50.

a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals

a)

sandstone

b)

limestone

c)

granite

d)

shale

51.

The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces

a)

chemical weathering

b)

mechanical weathering

c)

condensation

d)

precipitation

52.

The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas

a)

evaporation

b)

condensation

c)

precipitation

d)

interception

53.

The change of state from a gas to a liquid

a)

evaporation

b)

limestone

c)

condensation

d)

precipitation

54.

a long period without rain

a)

flood

b)

drought

c)

storm

d)

evaporation

55.

the red or orange coating that forms on the surface of iron when exposed to air and moisture

a)

clay formation

b)

climate

c)

sediments

d)

rusting

56.

A sedimentary rock formed by cementing grains of sand over time.

a)

clay formation

b)

granite

c)

sandstone

d)

shale

57.

Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface.

a)

precipitation

b)

irrigation

c)

interception

d)

condensation

58.

Water being prevented from reaching the surface by trees or grass

a)

drought

b)

interception

c)

condensation

d)

evaporation

59.

The continual movement of water among Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and land surface through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation

a)

oxygen cycle

b)

flow cycle

c)

water cycle

d)

rock cycle

60.

the study of water and its effects on and in the earth and in the atmosphere

a)

astrology

b)

microbiology

c)

geology

d)

hydrology

61.

water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock.

a)

discharge

b)

mountain shed

c)

ground water

d)

frost wedging

62.

the quantity of water in a stream that passes a given point in a period of time

a)

discharge

b)

sediments

c)

interception

d)

slope

63.

The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

condensation

64.

The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another

a)

erosion

b)

deposition

c)

weathering

d)

sedimentary

65.

Loose materials such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and bits of shell that have been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity

a)

sediments

b)

sand

c)

transportation

d)

deposition

66.

the steepness of a mountain, hill, or channel

a)

water cycle

b)

stream

c)

slope

d)

flow

67.

What is the title of this graph? What do you think that means, and what ideas do you think this graph is showing (in your own words)?

4 lines
68.

Look at the image closely. What is the independent variable on this graph?

a)

Generation

b)

Population

69.

Look at the image closely. What is the dependent variable on this graph?

a)

Generation

b)

Population

70.

What does the blue line stand for?

a)

Host population

b)

Parasite population

71.

What does the red line stand for?

a)

Host population

b)

Parasite population

72.

What is happening to the host population AND parasite population over many generations?

4 lines
73.

At generation 100, which is increasing: the host population or the parasite population? (Look at the lines on the graph above generation 100).

a)

Host populations

b)

Parasite population

74.

Around generation 100, what happens to parasite population soon after there is an increase in the host population?

a)

It increases as well.

b)

It decreases in response.

c)

It remains constant.

75.

Why does the parasite population increase soon after the host population increases?

4 lines
76.

Around generation 180, which population is larger? Host or parasite?

a)

Host

b)

Parasite

77.

Around generation 180, what do you notice ends up happening to the host population when the parasite population is large?

a)

It increases as well.

b)

It decreases in response.

c)

It remains constant.

78.

Why do you think the host population decreases in response when the parasite population is high?

4 lines
79.

What event is considered the earliest example of ecology at work?

a)

The Cambrian Explosion

b)

The Permian-Triassic Extinction Event

c)

The rise of oxygen in the atmosphere due to cyanobacteria

d)

The evolution of eukaryotes

80.

What is the primary process by which the first oxygen in the atmosphere was produced?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Endosymbiosis

c)

Volcanic activity

d)

Methane release from the sea floor

81.

What is the term used to describe the first appearance of life on Earth?

a)

Abiogenesis

b)

Biogenesis

c)

Evolution

d)

Adaptation

82.

What is the primary process by which the first nitrogen in the atmosphere was produced?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Endosymbiosis

c)

Volcanic activity

d)

Nitrogen fixation by bacteria

83.

How does oxygen allow for larger organism?

a)

O2 mixes with our cells to create energy.

b)

N2 mixes with our cells to create energy.

c)

O2 mixes with our blood to create larger blood cells.

d)

H2 mixes with our cells to create energy.

84.

How much oxygen does one tree in the Amazon rainforest produce?

a)

Enough to support all of Brazil.

b)

Enough to support all of the people on Earth.

c)

Enough to support 2 people.

d)

Enough to support 1 million people.

85.

Why doesn't the oxygen leave the Amazon rainforest?

a)
The oxygen doesn't leave the Amazon rainforest because it is absorbed by the soil.
b)
The oxygen doesn't leave the Amazon rainforest because it is trapped by the dense vegetation.
c)
The oxygen doesn't leave the Amazon rainforest because it is used by the plants and animals living there.
d)
The oxygen doesn't leave the Amazon rainforest because it is used up by the rivers and water bodies.
86.

What is being sucked up from the Amazon rainforest floor?

a)
Animals and insects
b)
Nutrients and water
c)
Rocks and minerals
d)
Sunlight and air
87.

What is the secret to Earth's supply of oxygen?

a)

Diatoms

b)
Burning fossil fuels
c)
Deforestation
d)
Volcanic eruptions
88.

How does the diatom population change daily?

a)
The diatom population changes daily due to the phases of the moon
b)
The diatom population changes daily due to the migration of birds
c)
The diatom population changes daily due to the stock market fluctuations
d)
The diatom population changes daily due to factors such as nutrient availability, temperature, and light levels.
89.

What is hypoxia?

a)
A condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply
b)
A condition in which the body is dehydrated
c)
A condition in which the body has too much oxygen
d)
A condition in which the body has an excess of carbon dioxide
90.

Match the following images to the correct answer:

a)

1.

Acidophiles (acid loving bacteria)

b)

2.

Marine Snow (dead diatoms)

c)

3.

Early Earth (with too much O2)

d)

4.

Amazon Rainforest

e)

5.

Diatoms

91.

Hummingbirds have a beak just the right length to reach the nectar in a cardinal flower and as they feed their foreheads bump into the pollen structure. Cardinal flowers are red which hummingbirds can see but bees can’t. Cardinal flower’s pollen structure is just the right length for the hummingbird to pick up pollen as it feeds

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Coevolution

92.

Bees don’t see red, but do see yellow, blue, and ultra-violet light. Thus, bee-pollinated flowers are mostly yellow or blue with UV nectar guides (landing patterns) to guide the bee. They usually have a small, narrow floral tube to fit the tongue-length of that species of bee.

a)

Convergent Evolution

b)

Divergent Evolution

c)

Coevolution

93.

In the ocean surrounding Antarctica, there are fish that survive the cold water by using a molecule made of glycoproteins that circulates the blood and keeps it from freezing. Certain kinds of worms that live in the Arctic ocean also make antifreeze proteins that help them live in icy water.

a)

Convergent Evolution

b)

Divergent Evolution

c)

Coevolution

94.

The beaver in North America and the capybara in South America share a common ancestor, but have evolved over time to look different

a)

Convergent Evolution

b)

Divergent

c)

Coevolution

95.

Ants are the correct size and weight needed to open the flowers for the peony plant. The peony plant provides food for the ant and the ant fertilizes the peony’s flowers

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Coevolution

96.

The Galápagos tortoises share a common ancestor, but have necks of different lengths to best reach the food they need in their environment.

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Coevolution

97.

Whales, sharks, and penguins all have streamlined bodies and fins/flippers for moving in water even though they belong in different classes of animals (mammals, fish, and birds)

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Coevolution

98.

The Galápagos finches evolved through natural selection from a common ancestor into a wide variety of different looking species.

a)

Convergent Evolution

b)

Divergent Evolution

c)

Coevolution

99.

This kind of evolution is proven by DNA analysis and results in organisms with different ancestors becoming more alike as they adapt to similar environments.

a)

Convergent Evolution

b)

Divergent Evolution

c)

Coevolution

100.

The Galloti atlantica and Galloti galloti lizards evolved through natural selection from a common ancestor into a wide variety of different looking lizards.

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Coevolution

101.

gradual formation of life from nonliving chemicals...primordial soup

a)

chemical evolution

b)

natural selection

c)

fossils

d)

divergent evolution

102.

requires oxygen to release energy

a)

aerobic heterotroph

b)

photosynthetic autotroph

c)

gene homology

d)

adaptation

103.

Wrote origin of species, study finches in the Galapagos Islands, father of evolution

a)

Charles Darwin

b)

Isaac Newton

c)

Gregor Mendel

d)

Urey Miller

104.

evolution of organisms based on who is better adapted to the environment

a)

natural selection

b)

artificial selection

c)

speciation

d)

coevoluion

105.

Match the following

a)

analogous structures

1.

similar function but not related

b)

homologous structures

2.

same structure just in different species

c)

coevolution

3.

two species evolve in response to each other

d)

fossils

4.

preserved remnants of once-living organisms

e)

vestigial structures

5.

served functions in ancestors but not needed now

106.

This picture shows

a)

Embryological similarities

b)

Fossils

c)

Coevolution

d)

Adaptations

107.

Match the following

a)
1.

directional selection

b)
2.

Stabilizing selection

c)
3.

Disruptive Selection

d)
4.

Bottleneck Effect

e)
5.

Founder Effect

108.

a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

a)

adaptation

b)

coevolution

c)

artificial selection

d)

gene homology

109.

According to this diagram, is the pig more closely related to the dog or kangaroo?

(a)  

110.

Which species are extinct? (Check all that apply.)

a)

A

b)

D

c)

E

d)

H

e)

J

111.

Which species is a common ancestor for species B and D?

a)

C

b)

F

c)

G

d)

H

e)

K

112.

According to this cladogram, primates are most closely related to....

a)

Amphibians

b)

Rodents & rabbits

c)

Crocodiles

d)

Birds

113.

one of the first organisms to use sunlight to produce food and oxygen

a)

photosynthetic autotrophs

b)

aerobic heterotrophs

c)

speciation

d)

geographic isolation

114.

Survival of the fittest. The organism that is best able to survive and passes on its genes in the gene pool.

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Evolution

c)

Adaptation

d)

Law of Superposition

115.

Similar DNA sequence between different organisms indicating a common ancestry or evolutionary origin.

a)

Speciation

b)

Embryology

c)

Gene Homology

d)

Adaptation

116.

What are analogous structures in the context of convergent evolution?

a)

They are structures that perform similar functions but do not share a common ancestor, they arise from convergent evolution.

b)

They are structures that arise from divergent evolution.

c)

They are structures that share a common ancestor but perform different functions.

d)

They are structures that have no relation to convergent evolution.

117.

How are organisms classified in the Linnaean classification?

a)

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, quinary, senary, septenary

b)

A, B, C, D, E, F, G

c)

Kingdoms, divisions, classes, orders, families, genera, species

d)

Colors, sizes, shapes, textures

118.

What is a scientific name and why is it important in the classification of organisms?

a)

A scientific name is a name that varies according to the geographical region of the organism

b)

A scientific name is a name that is only used in the classification of plants

c)

A scientific name is a name that is randomly assigned to an organism

d)

A scientific name is a binomial name composed of a genus and a species, and it is important in the classification of organisms because it provides a standardized and universal system to uniquely identify and refer to each species.

119.

Can two different species have analogous structures?

a)

Yes

b)

Depends

c)

Maybe

d)

No

120.

What is the main purpose of Linnaean classification in biology?

a)

Create new plant species

b)

Determine the age of fossils

c)

Classify chemical elements in the periodic table

d)

Organize and categorize the diversity of living beings into hierarchical groups.

121.

Why are analogous structures considered an example of convergent evolution?

a)

Analog structures are considered an example of convergent evolution because they arise in different evolutionary lineages but share similar functions due to adaptations to similar environments, demonstrating that natural selection favors similar solutions to common environmental challenges.

b)

Analog structures are considered an example of convergent evolution because they share a common ancestor

c)

Analog structures are considered an example of convergent evolution since they are identical in all aspects

d)

Analog structures are considered an example of convergent evolution due to genetic drift

122.

What information can be inferred from a scientific name in terms of biological classification?

a)

What information can be inferred from a scientific name in terms of biological classification?

b)

A scientific name indicates the preferred habitat of an organism in terms of biological classification

c)

A scientific name only indicates the kingdom to which an organism belongs

d)

A scientific name provides information about the genus and species to which an organism belongs in terms of biological classification.

e)

A scientific name reveals the age of an organism in terms of biological classification

123.

What role does convergent evolution play in biodiversity?

a)

Contributes to functional diversity by generating similarities in species that do not share a common ancestor.

b)

Increases genetic diversity by limiting similarities between species

c)

Reduces competition between species by generating marked differences

d)

Promotes specialization in a single ecological niche

124.

How do analogous structures relate to the adaptation of organisms?

a)

Analogous structures are the result of an organism adapting to multiple different environments

b)

Analogous structures demonstrate that organisms share a common ancestor

c)

Analogous structures show independent adaptations to similar environments, demonstrating how different species have evolved to occupy similar ecological niches through analogous solutions to environmental challenges.

d)

Analogous structures are the result of an organism adapting to a single specific environment

125.

What importance does Linnaean classification have in current scientific research?

a)

The Linnaean classification is important because it provides a universally accepted system of organization and nomenclature to describe and classify the diversity of life on Earth.

b)

The Linnaean classification is only used in botanical research

c)

The Linnaean classification is just an outdated theory in modern science

d)

The Linnaean classification is not relevant in current scientific research

126.

What is the difference between a homologous structure and an analogous structure in terms of evolution?

a)

The difference lies in the fact that homologous structures share a common ancestor, while analogous structures do not.

b)

Homologous structures are evolutionary adaptations, while analogous structures are the result of natural selection.

c)

Homologous structures are not evolutionarily related, unlike analogous structures.

d)

Homologous structures are completely different from each other, while analogous structures are similar in all aspects.

127.

How is the scientific name of an organism determined according to binomial classification?

a)

The scientific name of an organism is determined by the binomial classification, which consists of the genus and species of the organism.

b)

The scientific name of an organism is determined by the color of the organism and its size.

c)

The scientific name of an organism is determined by the habitat of the organism and its diet.

d)

The scientific name of an organism is determined by the number of legs of the organism and its speed of movement.

128.

The science of classification is called

a)

taxonomy

b)

botany

c)

astronomy

d)

chemistry

129.

In binomial nomenclature, the name of any organism is made up of its

a)

kingdom and phylum

b)

family and genus

c)

class and order

d)

genus and species

130.

The method of scientific classification used today is based on the classification system developed by

a)

Carolus Linnaeus

b)

M. Courtney Latimer

c)

John Ray

d)

Charles Darwin

131.

A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring is called a

a)

kingdom

b)

phylum

c)

species

d)

genus

132.

A classification system

a)

groups animals according to the way they move

b)

consists of only one species of organism

c)

groups living things according to similar characteristics

133.

The study of how animals have change over time is called

a)

biology

b)

evolution

c)

taxonomy

d)

astrology

134.

The scientist who first understood that animals change over time to adapt to their environment was

a)

Socrates

b)

Galileo

c)

Carolus Linnacus

d)

Charles Darwin

135.

The process by which unrelated organism evolve similar characteristics is called

a)

biology

b)

convergent evolution

c)

ordering

d)

classification

136.

What geological feature would an oceanic-oceanic convergent boundary create?

a)

volcanic mountains

b)

mountains

c)

volcanic islands

137.

What geological feature would an oceanic-continental convergent boundary create?

a)

volcanic mountains

b)

mountains

c)

volcanic islands

138.

What geological feature would an continental-continental convergent boundary create?

a)

volcanic mountains

b)

mountains

c)

volcanic islands

139.

When one plate forces it's way under another plate.

a)

convection

b)

boundary

c)

subduction

140.

The edges of plates are called....

a)

convection

b)

boundaries

c)

subduction

141.

At plate boundaries, plates interact, the results would be

a)

geologic features

b)

earthquakes

c)

a country's border

142.

Convergent boundaries are plates

a)

colliding or smashing into each other.

b)

sliding past each other.

c)

separating or pulling apart from each other.

143.
Why did the oceanic plate subduct?
a)
Less dense
b)
More dense
c)
Heavier
d)
Thinner
144.
Why did the continental plate get volcanoes?
a)
It is made of thicker continental crust
b)
It gets stuck and folds
c)
It has a subducted plate under it that melts
d)
It is more dense
145.
Why do volcanes form?
a)
From plate(s) getting stuck, pushed further, and folding
b)
From a plate subducting, melting, & rising
c)
From one plate being more dense & sinking creating a low spot
d)
All answers
146.
What type of plates are colliding?
a)
2 oceanic plates
b)
Oceanic and continental plate
c)
2 continental plates
147.
What type of boundary is this?
a)
Divergent
b)
Convergent
c)
Transform Fault
148.
What type of plates are colliding?
a)
2 oceanic plates
b)
Oceanic and continental plate
c)
2 continental plates
149.
Which of the following causes Earth's tectonic plates to move?
a)
Energy from the Sun
b)
Magnetic Pole Reversal
c)
Convection currents in the mantle
d)
Faults in Mountain Ranges
150.

A subduction zone is formed...

a)

when the oceanic crust sinks below the continental crust

b)

at every type of convergent plate boundary

c)

at every type of divergent plate boundary

d)

at transform boundaries

151.

The process by which one plate is forced under another

a)

Radiation

b)

Convection

c)

Conduction

d)

Subduction

152.
Plates move towards one another at ______________ boundaries.
a)
divergent
b)
convergent
c)
transform
d)
detergent
153.
What geologic feature/event would you most likely to find at a convergent boundary between two pieces of continental crust?
a)
Volcano
b)
Mountain
c)
Rift
d)
Island Arc
154.
Name the boundary
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
155.
The area where two or more plates meet is called a __________________.
a)
fault
b)
plate boundary
c)
plate edge
d)
ring of fire
156.
The type of plate boundary where two plates come together is a .....
a)
Convergent Boundary
b)
Divergent Boundary
c)
Transform Boundary
d)
Plate Boundary
157.
What type of plate boundary is this?
a)
Plate
b)
Divergent
c)
Convergent
d)
Transform
158.
What are the two types of crust
a)
continental and oceanic
b)
ocean and upper
c)
lower and upper
d)
pizza and subway
159.
subduction zones in the ocean can create which features?
a)
islands
b)
volcanoes
c)
earthquakes
d)
all of the above
160.
When an oceanic plate and a continental plate collide, which one will subduct?
a)
oceanic
b)
continental
c)
neither
161.
Which of the following statements is false?
a)
Oceanic crust is made of basalt
b)
Oceanic crust is thinner than continental crust
c)
Oceanic crust is less dense than continental crust
d)
Oceanic crust is younger than continental crust
162.
Whenever a subduction zone is formed a ______ is formed.
a)
Mountain
b)
Island Arc
c)
Rift
d)
Volcano
163.
What would you be most likely to find at a convergent boundary between a continental and oceanic plate?
a)
Mountains
b)
Volcanoes
c)
Mid-Ocean Ridge
d)
Rift
164.
What would you be most likely to find at a convergent boundary between two pieces of continental crust?
a)
Volcano
b)
Mountain
c)
Rift
d)
Island Arc
165.
Why is there a trench in the water?
a)
Because of the basalt 
b)
Because of the melting oceanic crust
c)
Because the oceanic plate is subducting making a low spot
d)
Because the oceanic plate is stuck and folds downward
166.
Which of the following statements is false?
a)
Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust
b)
Continental crust is younger than oceanic crust
c)
Continental crust is made of granite
d)
Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust
167.

The adaptations of wasps, flying fish, flying birds, and bats that allow them to fly are examples of:

a)

punctuated evolution

b)

convergent evolution

c)

divergent evolution

d)

gradual evolution

168.

A bumble bee has just enough mass to pull down and open up the snapdragon flower to get to the nectar inside. Other insects cannot do this. This adaptation is an example of:

a)

convergent evolution

b)

co-evolution

c)

divergent evolution

d)

speciation

169.

The rapid speciation of one ancestral species into many descendant species is called

a)

Adaptive radiation

b)

Punctuated equilibrium

c)

Coevolution

d)

Divergent evolution

170.

Which best describes punctuated equilibrium?

a)

Speciation occurs due to natural selection

b)

Speciation occurs due to isolation

c)

Speciation occurs slowly in geologic time, followed by long periods with very fast evolutionary change.

d)

Speciation occurs suddenly and rapidly in geologic time, followed by long periods with little evolutionary change.

171.

The large-scale events of speciation that happen over hundreds or thousands of generations are called...

a)

macroevolution

b)

simplification

c)

adaptation

d)

microevolution

172.
In convergent evolution, organisms share physical similarities because they 
a)
have a common ancestor
b)
live in the same enviornment
c)
develop homologous structures
d)
are closely related 
173.
The hypothesis that evolution of a species occurs gradually over time as a slow and constant process is known as
a)
speciation
b)
punctuated equilibrium
c)
gradualism
d)
microevolution
174.
What type of evolution where there is a sudden, rapid change then no change for a long time?
a)
Co-Evolution
b)
Punctuated Equilibrium
c)
Divergent Evolution
d)
Convergent Evolution
175.

Evolution occurring gradually and slowly over long periods of time

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Stasis

c)

Punctuated Equilibrium

d)

Gradualism

176.

When two species evolve because of how they influence eath other, which usually results in a symbiotic relationship, this is called:

a)

extinction

b)

coevolution

c)

symbiosis

d)

mutualism

177.

Select the best definition for Macroevolution.

a)
A type of microevolution that occurs within a single species
b)
The study of fossils and ancient life forms
c)
Large-scale evolutionary changes over long periods of time
d)
The process of natural selection within a population
178.

Select all types of evolutionary patterns.

a)

Extinction

b)
Punctuated equilibrium
c)

Convergent and Divergent Evolution

d)

Gradualism

e)

Coevolution

179.

Select the best description of the term Extinction.

a)
The complete disappearance of a species or group of organisms from the Earth.
b)
The migration of a species to a new habitat
c)
The process of creating new species through evolution
d)
The increase in population of a species
180.

Why do species go extinct?

a)
Species go extinct due to alien abductions
b)
Species go extinct due to bad luck
c)
Species go extinct due to habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, overhunting, and competition with invasive species.
d)
Species go extinct due to excessive dancing
181.

Select the best definition for Divergent Evolution.

a)
The process by which species remain identical over time
b)
The process by which a single species evolves into two or more distinct species
c)
The process by which two or more related species become more dissimilar over time
d)
The process by which two unrelated species become more similar over time
182.

Darwin's finches are an example of:

a)

Coevolution

b)

Extinction

c)

Divergent Evolution

d)

Convergent Evolution

183.

Select the best definition for Convergent Evolution.

a)
The process by which different species evolve similar traits or characteristics independently in response to similar environmental challenges.
b)
The process by which species evolve traits that are completely unrelated to each other.
c)
The process by which species evolve traits in response to different environmental challenges.
d)
The process by which species evolve identical traits due to shared ancestry.
184.

Select the best definition for Coevolution.

a)
The process where species evolve independently of each other.
b)
The process where species evolve in response to abiotic factors.
c)
The process where two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution.
d)
The process where one species evolves while the other remains unchanged.
185.

Which of the following is an example of Coevolution?

a)
Fish and water
b)
Birds and rocks
c)
Flowers and pollinators
d)
Trees and sunlight
186.

Select the best definition of gradualism as it relates to evolution.

a)
Evolution happens suddenly and drastically over short periods of time.
b)
Evolution occurs slowly and gradually over long periods of time, with small changes accumulating over generations.
c)
Gradualism refers to the belief that evolution is a random and chaotic process.
d)
Gradualism suggests that evolution occurs in bursts of rapid change followed by long periods of stasis.
187.

Select the best definition for Punctuated Equilibrium.

a)
A theory in evolutionary biology suggesting species evolve in short bursts of rapid change separated by long periods of stability.
b)
A concept in chemistry describing the behavior of noble gases
c)
A hypothesis in geology proposing that earthquakes occur in predictable patterns
d)
A theory in physics stating that all particles have an equal and opposite reaction
188.

Ostriches are native to the Savannahs of Africa, while penguins live in the polar regions. Although penguins and ostriches are closed related, they look very different. This is an example of:

a)

Divergent Evolution

b)

Convergent Evolution

c)

Coevolution

d)

Punctuated Equillibrum

189.

Ostriches (birds) and giraffes (mammals) are both native to the Savannahs of Africa. They share the same characteristic of a very long neck. This is an example of:

a)

Divergent Evolution

b)

Convergent Evolution

c)

Coevolution

d)

Punctuated Equillibrum

190.

Horse evolution shows long stable periods of little evolution interrupted by brief periods of rapid change. This is an example of:

a)

Divergent Evolution

b)

Convergent Evolution

c)

Coevolution

d)

Punctuated Equilibrium

191.

The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

a)

artificial selection

b)

speciation

c)

breeding

d)

non-random mating

192.

Who is credited with the discovery of Natural Selection?

a)

Charles Darwin

b)

Charles Xavier

c)

Charles Dickens

193.

How did the turtles change over time?

a)

They grew longer necks to get food

b)

Over years only the ones more equipped to get food survived to reproduce

c)

A random mutation enabled survival

194.

Select all answers that influence Evolution of organisms.

a)

Gene Flow

b)

Natural Selection

c)

Genetic Drift

d)

Aliens

195.

Father of Evolution

a)

Gregor Mendel

b)

Charles Darwin

c)

Adam Smith

d)

Pea plants

196.

Evolution is defined as a(n)

a)

Idea that organisms better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce

b)

Any physical or behavioral characteristic that helps an organism to better survive

c)

Theory that organisms have changed gradually over a long period of time to form mew organisms

197.

Natural Selection is the idea that

a)

Organisms better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce

b)

Any physical or behavioral characteristic that helps an organism to better survive

c)

Theory that organisms have changed gradually over a long period of time to form mew organisms

198.

An adaptation is

a)

Organisms better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce

b)

Any physical or behavioral characteristic that helps an organism to better survive

c)

Theory that organisms have changed gradually over a long period of time to form mew organisms

199.

Mutations are

a)

Long Time evolutionary events

b)

Short time evolutionary events

c)

Mistakes in the genetic code

d)

When an organism looks very similar win physical resemblance to other objects

200.

Mimicry is

a)

Long Time evolutionary events

b)

Short time evolutionary events

c)

Mistakes in the genetic code

d)

When an organism looks very similar win physical resemblance to other objects

201.

An example of high fitness (the ability to survive and reproduce) is

a)

A man with 1 child and 10 grandchildren

b)

A man with 10 children ad 80 grandchildren

202.

Natural selection is the process that passes down ____________________ traits.

a)

Same

b)

Old

c)

Useless

d)

Favorable

203.

The process in which an animal cannot reproduce any more and dies out is known as _________________________.

a)

Speciation

b)

Extinction

c)

Evolution

d)

Natural Selection

204.

When there is a difference in population based on genes, it is said to be a _______________.

a)

Mutation

b)

Speciation

c)

Extinction

d)

Genetic Variation

205.
Gradual change in a population through adaptations over time.
a)
migration
b)
directional selection
c)
evolution
d)
speciation
206.
Darwin referred to this as survival of the fittest. Over time, it results in changes in the inherited characteristics of a population. 
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Genetic Variation
c)
Survival of the Fittest
d)
Extinction
207.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
208.
The trees these moths used to live on were white, but have been covered in soot from coal factories. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
a)
Dark moth
b)
Light moth
c)
Both will be equally successful
d)
Neither will be successful
209.
Which best describes mutations?
a)
Always helpful
b)
Always harmful
c)
Can be helpful or harmful
d)
Always neutral
210.
When a group of individuals remains isolated from the rest of its species long enough to evolve different traits, a new species can form.
a)
True
b)
False
211.

Quite often we see organisms that have similar characteristics, not because they have arisen from a common ancestor, but because they have adapted to similar environments. Which type of evolution is this?

a)

Divergent evolution

b)

Convergent evolution

c)

Punctuated equilibrium

d)

Coevolution

212.

The flower developed a long flower to hold its nectar are the hummingbird in turn developed a long beak to get the nectar. This is an example of

a)

convergent evolution

b)

divergent evolution

c)

coevolution

213.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Which of the following must be true in order for organisms to be considered the same species?

a)

They must be able to mate

b)

They must be able to produce viable offspring

c)

They must have structural similaries

d)

They must have the same bone structure

214.

Ostriches (birds) and giraffes (mammals) are both native to the savannahs of Africa.  They eat food that is high off the ground and share the same characteristic of an elongated neck.

a)

divergent evolution

b)

convergent evolution

c)

coevolution

215.

The kit fox lives in the desert and has large ears with greater surface area that keep the fox from getting overheated.  The red fox lives in the forest and has a red coat that keeps it camouflaged.

a)

divergent evolution

b)

convergent evolution

c)

coevolution

216.

Ants are the correct size and weight needed to open the flowers for the peony plant.  The peony plant provides food for the ant and the ant fertilizes the peony’s flowers

a)

divergent evolution

b)

convergent evolution

c)

coevolution

217.
The hypothesis that evolution of a species occurs gradually over time as a slow and constant process is known as
a)
speciation
b)
punctuated equilibrium
c)
gradualism
d)
microevolution
218.

The three species pictured share a common ancestor and have adapted so that each lives in a different environment. This is an example of

a)

Law of Superposition

b)

Evolutionary Arms Race

c)

Divergent Evolution

d)

Convergent Evolution

219.

Some scientists suggest that the mass extinction of dinosaurs resulted from sudden global weather changes caused by the impact of an asteroid on Earth. This event most likely promoted the evolution of new species of animals. What concept is best supported by these ideas?

a)

Punctuated equilibrium

b)

Use and disuse

c)

Gradualism

d)

Convergent evolution

220.

The last Tasmanian tiger died in captivity in 1939. What pattern of evolution occurred in the Tasmanian tiger's population?

a)

Extinction

b)

Gradualism

c)

Divergent Evolution

d)

Coevolution

221.

This pattern of evolution describes short bursts of evolutionary change in a population of organisms, followed by periods of stability (no change).

a)

Gradualism

b)

Coevolution

c)

Punctuated Equilibrium

d)

Speciation

222.

Birds, bats, and pterosaurs are unrelated, but they all developed wings to fly. This is an example of

a)

convergent evolution

b)

divergent evolution

c)

coevolution

223.

All of these finches are related and came from a common ancestor, but they all developed different beak types based on what food was available. This is an example of

a)

convergent evolution

b)

divergent evolution

c)

coevolution

224.

The beaver in North America and the capybara in South America share a common ancestor, but have evolved over time to look different

a)

Convergent Evolution

b)

Divergent Evolution

c)

Coevolution

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