WorksheetsHuman Geography Final Review #1
Total questions: 130
Worksheet time: 3hrs 35mins
What is the Concentric Zone Model?
A description of the process of urban growth that views the city as a series of CIRCULAR areas or zones, each characterized by a different type of land use that developed from a central core.
an urban land use model which talks about SPATIAL arrangement of activities in an urban area.
A city that LACKS a centralized business district or downtown area and that has several distinct neighborhoods that all act as regional centers within one larger city
a city with growth INDEPNDENT of the CBD that is traditionally connected to the central city by means of an arterial highway or interstate
Filtering
A process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner to abandonment.
A way of using natural resources without depleting them, and of providing for human needs without causing long term environmental harm
Homer Hoyt published this model of urban structure, response to concentric zone model.
Galactic City Model
a city with growth INDEPENDENT of the CBD that is traditionally connected to the central city by means of an arterial highway or interstate.
A city that LACKS a centralized business district or downtown area and that has several distinct neighborhoods that all act as regional centers within one larger city
an urban land use model which talks about SPATIAL arrangement of activities in an urban area.
A description of the process of urban growth that views the city as a series of CIRCULAR areas or zones, each characterized by a different type of land use that developed from a central core.
What is an example of an urban ethnic enclave?
Red Square, Moscow, Russia
Capitol Hill, Washington DC
Chinatown, San Francisco
Times Square, New York
What is an example of a result of chain migration?
urban ethnic enclaves
suburbanization
counterurbanization
gentrification
What is an example of a low range business?
Dollar Store
Bugatti Dealership
Costco
Medical Care
According to central place theory, what is range?
The distance a person will travel for goods or services.
The quality of a good or service.
The nature of a good or service relative to a community's ability to afford it.
The costs of goods and services as a result of migration.
What would be the best example of a high threshold service?
Steak house
Artisan shop
Convenience store
Gym
According to Central Place Theory, what is threshold?
distance away from central place
an economic nucleus like a hospital
clusters of businesses that all support each other
minimum number of people for a good or service
Which problem does New Urbanism attempt to fix but often fails.
Reduced reliance on cars
Access to education
Mixed housing and retail neighborhoods
Cost of living
New Urbanism relies on land development that is:
reliant on larger homes to increase property values
mixed retail and residential
reliant on automobile transportation to reduce reliance on trains
focused on educational outcomes for young people living in those communities
Which of the following is a true statement about classic models (Concentric Zone, Sector Models) of city structure?
The concentric zone model does not have a transitional area.
The sector model is highly influenced by transportation patterns.
The central business district has the most dominant position in the multiple nuclei model.
The multiple nuclei model and the sector model are similar in that they both have only one core.
The interaction between the central city and the suburbs is greatest in the urban realm model.
What is one of the main goals of New Urbanism?
increase reliance on trains
avoid squatter settlements
maintain high property values
reduce reliance on cars
Which of the following defines Philadelphia's advantageous position in relation to other major cities on the US East Coast along Interstate 95?
Transition Zone
Vernacular Region
Situation
Site
Which of the following is the largest settlement?
Forced Conglomeration
Cluster
Conurbation
Hamlet
Town
A skyscraper is more common in:
High density settlements
Township and Range
Medium range settlements
Low range settlements
While gentrification can have positive effects, what is a possible negative outcome?
Gentrification generally leads to counterurbanization.
Gentrification generally leads to suburbanization.
Services do not generally reach gentrified communities.
Higher rent causes displacement of original residents
What is NOT a negative consequence of surburbanization?
Heavy manufacturing moving to the suburbs
Placelessness
Loss of productive farmland
Ghettoization of inner cities
Deforestation
Bangalore in India has a population of 13.2 million. What type of city is it?
Stage 5 City
Stage 4 City
Peripheral City
Megacity
Metacity
An urban geographical theory that seeks to explain the number, size and range of market services in a commercial system or human settlements in a residential system.
Concentric Zone Theory
Urban Hierarchy
Rank Size Rule
Central Place Theory
Von Thünen Model
Settlements developed without the legal right, which are often poor and surround major cities in LDCs.
Squatter settlements
Fravelas
Platancos
Informal regions
Formal regions
Jobs moving out to the suburbs creates:
Informal conglomerates
Concentric zones
Edge cities
Squatter settlements
Exurbs
Gentrification in the United States is largely the result of:
City wide anti-crime policies
Federal tax initiatives
State tax initiatives
Government planning
Private funding
Who is most likely to move into a gentrified neighborhood in cities in the United States?
Double income families with no children
Single parent families looking for better schools
Double income families with children
Retirees
Immigrants from LDCs
Which of the following is NOT necessarily a characteristic of a world city?
Major global cultural trends start here
The presence of international companies
There are people from different cultures residing there
They are global financial centers
They are located on coasts
Periphery countries are:
Countries next to MDCs
Countries next to LDCs
Countries that share borders
Countries that are poorer and lack resources
Countries that lack natural raw materials
Why do most megacities have problems with squatter settlements?
They've developed so quickly
They've developed regionally
They were developed around medieval city centers
Growth barriers prevent natural city expansion
Megacities in LDCs experience population increases due to:
Decrease in doubling time
Declining dependency ratio
Interregional migration
High birth rate
Low death rate
In which region of the world would you find the least amount of people living in cities?
Sub-Saharan Africa
Western Europe
The Western United States
Eastern China
North Africa
Pittsburgh represents the Burgess Concentric Model in all but which way?
No nuclei in various parts of the city
All neighborhoods around downtown (Dahntahn) are wealthy
No heavy industry
No CBD
A geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases.
Central Place Theory
Burgess Concentric Model
Zipf's Law
Bid Rent Theory
Transportation, roads, lines of commication, and emergency services are just a few examples of the ____ that is needed in any urban center.
demographics
gentrification
infrastructure
rural
Although there are many negatives that come with the gentrification of a neighborhood, there are also a few positives such as ___ the businesses within the community.
proposing
implementing
revitalizing
affording
Real estate ___ are often more concerned with making money than they are with providing affordable housing.
developers
renovations
urban planner
demographics
As gentrification occurs, more affluent residents makes housing difficult to ___ for other residents.
afford
replaced
solicit
proposal
__________________ is when banks would identify “risky” neighborhoods and refuse loans (marked with red lines on a map) which would unofficially continue segregation.
Urban Sprawl
New Urbanism
Gentrification
Redlining
__________________ can be described as unrestricted growth of housing, commercial developments, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning.
Urban Sprawl
New Urbanism
Gentrification
Redlining
Developed by Chauncy Harris after studying Detroit, this urban model describes the spread of U.S. cities outward from the CBD to the suburbs leaving a declining inner city.
Concentric Zone Model
Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Galactic City
Developed by Chauncy Harris & Edward Ullman, this urban model describes how functional zonation occurs around more than one center or nodes.
Concentric Zone Model
Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Galactic City
Developed by Homer Hoyt, this urban model describes how different types of land use come out from the CBD in wedges.
Concentric Zone Model
Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Galactic City
Developed by Ernest Burgess, this urban model was composed of 5 rings shaped zones that come out from the CBD.
Concentric Zone Model
Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Galactic City
Which of the following is the division of the city into certain regions or zones such as the CBD?
Suburbanization
Urban morphology
Functional Zonation
Concentric Zone Model
Which of the following is the process where land outside the urban environment becomes urbanized?
Suburbanization
Urban morphology
Functional Zonation
Concentric Zone Model
Which of the following is the process where land outside the urban environment becomes urbanized?
Suburbanization
Urban morphology
Functional Zonation
Concentric Zone Model
The idea that markets and services tend to be nested hierarchies with smaller towns serving smaller settlements is known as...?
Site v. Situation
Rank-Size Rule
Primate City
Central Place Theory
Which of the following qualifies as a low order good/service?
Grocery Store
Car Dealership
Jewelry Shop
Sports Teams
The idea that the population of a city (or town) will be inversely proportional to its rank in a country is...?
Site v. Situation
Rank-Size Rule
Primate City
Central Place Theory
The idea that the population of a city (or town) will be inversely proportional to its rank in a country is...?
Site v. Situation
Rank-Size Rule
Primate City
Central Place Theory
Mexico City's unique feature of being built in a dry lake bed refers to its...?
Situation
Site
Location
Rank Size Rule
What is the idea that the largest city in a country will have approximately double that of the second largest city in a country?
rank-size rule
primate city rule
doubling time
urban situation
Threshold is...
the region or area that is serviced by a community or business
the distance you will go to obtain a good or service
the number of people needed in a region for a business to show a profit
the good or service that a business or community provides
A hinterland is...
the region or area that is serviced by a community or business
the distance you will go to obtain a good or service
the number of people needed in a region for a business to show a profit
the good or service that a business or community provides
Which of the following is a settlement with the most services, consisting of over 20,000 residents, and usually are the regional center of government?
Hamlet
Village
Town
City
Which of the following is a settlement with a variety of functions and services, consisting of around 2,500 to 20,000 residents, usually possess a form of self government and that may grow around a specialized economy?
Hamlet
Village
Town
City
Which of the following is a settlement usually involved in one economic activity of around 500 to 2,500 people?
Hamlet
Village
Town
City
Which of the following settlement types has no urban function and offers few (if any) services?
Hamlet
Village
Town
City
Which of the following describes urban hierarchy...?
Urban hierarchy considers functions of settlements as well as size
Urban hierarchy has no urban function and refers to specialization
Urban hierarchy means the amount of money necessary to open a business
Urban hierarchy is the percent of the population living in urban areas
The layout of a city, the physical form and structure, and what it can tell us about the city is referred to as...?
urban morphology
urban connectivity
urban metamorphosis
urban speculation
Which urban model would best describe a city that includes edge cities along its beltways?
galactic city
sector
multiple city
Griffen-Ford
According to the graph, the US would be the most likely to have...
the most informal economic activity sales
the most black market sales
most of its paid labor reported and taxed
Often located near the physical center of a city, or the crossroads where the city was founded. The focus of transportation and services. Vital part of any urban model.
CBD
Zone of transition
TFR
NIR
US census data is available at many scales. Urban areas in many countries are divided into ______, contiguous geographic regions that function as the building blocks of a census.
census tracts
census
census surveys
Regulations that define how property in specific geographic regions can be used. Can be used as a tool of urban planning to balance competing desires.
zoning ordinances
gated communities
urban planning
public services
Areas not connected to city services. Often in physically unsafe locations.
Mall
Disamenity zones
edge cities
CBD
The rapid spread of development outward from the inner city is called
urban infill
smart growth
urban sprawl
new urbanism
the actual location of a settlement on the earth surface. It includes landforms, climate, vegetation, access to water, soil quality, minerals, wildlife
situation
place
site
relative location
the process of people moving to and clustering in towns/cities.
suburbanization
rural living
urbanization
exurbs
the process of people moving from cities to residential areas on the outskirts of cities. They form communities that are connected to the city for jobs and services. Less densely populated and less ethnically diverse than cities.
urbanization
suburbanization
urban renewal
gentrification
Identify the model:
multiple nuclei
concentric zone
galactic city model
sector model
Identify the model:
galactic model
multiple nuclei model
concentric zone
sector model
Identify the model:
concentric model
sector model
multiple nuclei
galactic city/ peripheral
refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district increases
bid rent theory
central place theory
von Thunen
Ravensteins Laws
Identify the model
Latin American city model
Southeast Asian city model
African city model
US city model
to incorporate territory into an existing political unit such as a country, state, county, or city
annexation
food deserts
public transportation
smart growth
an area within a city in a developing country in which people are establishing residence illegally, cities do not provide services
homelessness
squatter settlements
exurbs
suburbs
are nodes of economic activity that have developed in the periphery of large cities.
periferico
shantytowns
edge cities
barrios
a region in a developed country where people have limited access to healthy and affordable food. Typically found in lower income, inner cities, urban areas
food deserts
malls
informal settlements
informal economy
this is the change in the use of a house from a single-family home to rented units in a multifamily dwelling and eventually to an abandoned building.
redlining
filtering
de facto segregation
blockbusting
a movement in urban planning with goals reducing sprawl, increasing affordable housing, and creating livable neighborhoods that are largely walkable, and are zoned for mixed-use. This is one method of smart growth
new urbanism
greeenbelts
blockbusting
filtering
a process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominately low-income, renter occupied area to a predominately middle class owner occupied area
gentrification
exurbanization
smart growth
industry
A theory created to explain the spatial arrangement of homes/settlements, including the size and quantity of them. It also includes the market area that surrounds settlements
Central Place Theory
Bid Rent Theory
Von Thunen
Wallerstein's World Theory
What does the Bid Rent Theory primarily explain?
The cultural landscape of urban areas
The process of suburbanization and urban sprawl
The variation of land prices and land use in urban areas
The migration patterns of rural populations to urban centers
Which of the following is NOT a form of renewable energy?
Solar
Biomass
Geothermal
Coal
Which model of urban patterns is represented by diagram C?
Concentric Zone Model
Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Peripheral Model
Which model of urban patterns is represented by diagram B?
Concentric Zone Model
Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Peripheral Model
Which model of urban patterns is represented by diagram A?
Concentric Zone Model
Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Peripheral Model
Which urban pattern model is characterized by a core with concentric rings expanding outwards?
Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Concentric Zone Model
Peripheral Model
What term is used to describe the rapid and often poorly planned growth of housing developments in relatively low-density areas surrounding a city?
Sprawl
Redlining
Annexation
Density Gradient
Which rule suggests that the largest city in a region is more than twice as large as the second largest city?
Central Place Theory
Urbanization Rule
Primate City Rule
Economic Base Rule
What does the Gravity Model primarily describe?
The economic pull of larger cities on smaller towns
The physical attraction between celestial bodies
The distribution of weight in urban planning
The environmental forces acting on urban areas
What is the primary focus of Walter Christaller's Central Place Theory?
The distribution of cities and their relative sizes
The environmental impact of urban development
The economic relationships between different countries
The social dynamics within urban settlements
What does NAFTA stand for?
North American Free Trade Agreement
National Association of Free Trade
North Atlantic Free Trade Association
National American Federal Trade Association
What does Von Thünen's Model of Land Use illustrate?
The layout of a city and its agricultural lands
The process of crop rotation
The principles of sustainable agriculture
The types of commercial agriculture
What does HDI stand for?
Human Development Index
Human Demographic Index
High Development Index
Human Data Index
What was the Apartheid System?
A movement for self-determination in Africa
A policy of ethnic cleansing in Eastern Europe
A legal system of racial segregation in South Africa
A form of nationalism in the United States
Which of the following best describes the concept of a nation-state?
A country with multiple ethnic groups
A state that contains more than one nation
A state dominated by a single ethnic group that forms a majority
A state where all ethnic groups have equal power
Identify the hearth of Islam based on the map titled "Religious Hearths and Diffusion."
Mecca
Jerusalem
The Indus River Valley
The Nile River Valley
What is the term for an area within a city where a minority group lives, either by choice or by economic or social pressures?
Pilgrimage
Ghetto
Sect
Cosmogony
Which of the following is NOT a branch of Christianity?
Protestantism
Sunni
Catholicism
Orthodoxy
What is the term for a belief system that worships a single god?
Polytheism
Animism
Monotheism
Sect
Which of the following is an example of how religious beliefs have affected society?
The invention of the compass
The establishment of democracy
The Russian Revolution
The Caste System in India
What is the purpose of the 'Diffusion of Proto Indo European Language' map?
To show the trade routes of ancient civilizations
To depict the spread of the Proto Indo European language from its origin
To illustrate the migration patterns of modern humans
To display the political boundaries of ancient empires
What does the 'Language Family Tree' graphic represent?
The chronological timeline of language development
The hierarchical structure of language authority
The interconnections and origins of languages as branches from a common root
The geographical distribution of languages around the world
What is a language family?
A group of people who speak the same language
A collection of languages within a certain geographical area
A set of languages related through descent from a common ancestral language
A classification of languages based on social factors
What is one negative effect of globalization?
Improved access to technology
Increased cultural exchange
Loss of local culture
Better employment opportunities
What is one positive effect of globalization?
Decreased cultural diversity
Increased economic disparities
Enhanced communication and connectivity
Loss of local culture
Which of the following is a method of electronic diffusion that has increased the reach of popular culture?
Traditional storytelling
Print media such as newspapers and magazines
Social media platforms
Word-of-mouth communication
What is "Forced Migration"?
The voluntary decision to move to a new location for better opportunities
The movement of people due to employment opportunities
The compulsory or involuntary relocation of people from their home or country
The migration of people within the same country for better living conditions
What is a "Pull Factor" in migration?
A reason that drives people away from their current location
A reason that attracts people to a new location
A natural disaster that forces people to move
A government policy that restricts movement
What is the difference between "Emigration" and "Immigration"?
Emigration is entering a new country, while immigration is leaving one's country
Emigration is the seasonal movement of people, while immigration is permanent
Emigration is leaving one's country, while immigration is entering a new country
Emigration and immigration are the same in the context of migration
What is "Counterurbanization"?
The movement of people from urban to rural areas
The increase in urban population due to rural migration
The migration of people from colder to warmer climates
The migration of people from developed to developing countries
Which of the following best defines "Chain Migration"?
The movement of people to a place where other family members previously migrated
The migration of people due to changes in the economy
The migration of people within the same country
The migration of people to escape political persecution
What does the term "Brain Drain" refer to in the context of migration?
The process of rural areas losing population to urban areas
The movement of people from one country to another to escape natural disasters
The emigration of highly trained or intelligent people from a particular country
The seasonal movement of workers from one region to another
What does the term "Ecumene" refer to?
The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
The study of population distribution, composition, and changes
The ratio of the number of people who are either too young or too old to provide for themselves to the number of people who must support them
The transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system
According to Thomas Malthus' theory, what happens when the population grows beyond the food resources available?
The population continues to grow exponentially
The population stabilizes naturally
The population reaches zero growth
The population growth leads to a point of crisis
Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by high growth?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
What is the term used to define the time it takes for a population to double in size?
Agricultural Density
Doubling Time
Dependency Ratio
Life Expectancy
What does the term "Distance Decay" refer to in geography?
The increase in cultural exchange as distance increases
The decrease in interaction between two locales as distance increases
The measurement of distance using latitude and longitude
The diffusion of environmental features over a large area
7.2 A megalopolis is...
the merging of two or more cities into one large urban area
a city with more than 10 million residents
a primate city
a city with many suburbs
7.2 Megacities must have at least _________ residents.
1 million
5 million
10 million
20 million
7.3 Which of the following is NOT an example of infrastructure?
power plants and the electrical grid
roads, highways, and bridges
water and sewer systems
factories
7.4 What is the smallest kind of settlement shown on the urban hierarchy?
villages
towns
hamlets
exurbs
7.9 The process where banks deny loans and other financial services to residents in areas marked as "dangerous", areas that almost always contained minority communities?
redlining
segregation
white flight
squatter settlements
7.9 What caused gentrification to begin to happen in the 1990s?
the suburbs became too overpopulated
cities began to reinvest in their downtown areas
minority residents protested in cities across the US
farmers sold off their land for residential development
Landlocked
country surrounded by land with no direct access to the moon.
country surrounded by land with no direct access to the sea.
people surrounded by land with no direct access to the sea.
country surrounded by ice with no direct access to the sea.
Monarchy is a...
Seeks to control all aspects of individual life within a country. The government either controls or prohibits all churches or religious groups and political groups besides the ruling party.
a government controlled by a religious leader with laws based on religious law. In ancient times, rulers were often priests, such as, the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt or the Byzantine Empire whose emperor was also the head of the church.
A king, queen, emperor, or empress holds political power and may share power with citizen bodies. Monarchies can be separated into Constitutional (Shared Power) and Absolute Monarchies (Unlimited Power).
An individual holds complete political power. Citizens have no individual rights and only participate in support of government.
Define site
Relating to a city
Area located outside of towns and
cities; all the space, population and housing
not included in an urban area.
The place where the settlement is located
Describes where the
settlement is in relation to other
settlements and features of the
surrounding area
Define rural
Relating to a city
Area located outside of towns and
cities; all the space, population and housing
not included in an urban area.
The place where the settlement is located
Describes where the
settlement is in relation to other
settlements and features of the
surrounding area
Define urban
Relating to a city
Area located outside of towns and
cities; all the space, population and housing
not included in an urban area.
The place where the settlement is located
Describes where the
settlement is in relation to other
settlements and features of the
surrounding area
Define Rural to Urban Migration
movement
of people (typically white collar workers) from
cities to the country in
search of jobs.
movement
of people from less developed countries to more developed ones.
movement
of people (typically farmers) from
rural settlements to urban center in
search of jobs.
movement of people from more developed countries to less developed ones
